#ionidium

 Recently, archaeologists from Yale University have found what they believe is the oldest observatory in the Americas. The ancient ruins located in Chankillo, Peru, where the sun is believed to have adjustments for the entire year. During the 16th century, historical records show that sun worship and the observation was regulated by the Spanish government which had taken over these people. Interestingly, however, is the site back to 350 BC or thereabouts. The site consists of thirteen different columns, all arranged in a single file line at the top of a hill. The observation point is at the bottom of a hill, where the viewer can watch the sunrise and the pillars of correlation with each other. At the pillar to the left of the viewer is in the June solstice, while the pillar on the right at denotes December solstice. The pillar in the middle represents every equinox. According to one of the archaeologists who worked to find, research in America, and especially Peru, constantly pushing back the origins of civilization in America. He states, "In this case, it is 2300 years old Solar Observatory at Chankillo the earliest such structure identified and unlike all other sites contain adjustments that cover the entire solar year. It predates the European conquest of 1800 years and even precedes by about 500 years, the monuments of similar purpose built by the Mayans in Central America. "The thirteen towers and observation point are all housed in a heavily fortified structure with thick walls. Throughout the past it has been a mystery whether this structure, which covers several square miles, was a fort or a ceremonial center as a temple. Of course, the latest results suggest that this was more than likely a solar observatory. It has been known for decades that the ancient Maya and Inca civilizations driven "sun timing" or rather to observe the sun's position in the sky to determine the critical times of the year. Within a few hours start to study the place, archaeologists had data that showed that the outermost columns lined up with the two solstices. But it took years of field work to pinpoint the real intentionality of such placement. Clive Ruggles, a leading British authority on archeoastronomy who also worked on the site, said that "Chankillo gave a complete set of horizon markers - the thirteen Towers -. And two unique and indisputable observation points, the fact that, apart from these two points, the towers just span the sun rising and setting arcs provides the clearest possible indication that they were built specifically to facilitate sunrise and sunset observations throughout the seasonal year. "He later goes to say," Chankillo reflects well-developed astronomical principles, which suggests the original forms of astronomy must be quite older. "Source: Mark Abel," Peruvian citadel is site of earliest ancient Solar Observatory in Americas . Phyorg. URL: (http://www.physorg.com/news91988735)

 A stove backpacking cheap makes most people think of useless junk that will fall apart in the first field trip. However, just because a backpacking stove is cheap, does not mean that it will be useful and withstand years of use. While I personally love cooking on the stove there are times this is not an option due to open fire restrictions or time limits. Due to my preference for cooking on the stove I carry only the simplest of stoves backpacking trip. Here are three backpacking stoves cheap that I found useful. These cheap backpacking stoves can help to have more money to spend on excursions through wilderness.For those who seek the lowest cost ever for a simple folding stove that works with Sterno or similar source of heat in the box. For less than $ 10 Coghlans is a typical folding stove. Coghlans makes a number of inexpensive camping, emergency and outdoor gear that shows a high level of quality. These simple folding stoves weigh almost nothing and can be placed in a pocket (just let it cool down first!). For beginner backpackers perhaps the best choice for a backpacking stove cheap is probably the Deluxe Perfectflow Coleman stove. For about $ 30 this stove base attaches to the top of a bottle of propane and includes a base that slides on the bottom of the propane bottle. Not ideal for meals prepared as the stove is a bit 'prone to fall when not placed on a flat surface, but this will have economic backpacking stove that heated food is the name of the game. The propane bottles are not particularly small or light, but are designed for recreational backpacking. Many companies make similar stoves that work the same way everyone should play, if well made.Another cheap backpacking stove is the Primus Classic Trail stove sells for about $ 25. This works the stove with fuel tanks and works similar to the Coleman stove propane bottle. While the Primus Classic Trail stove is probably one of the best backpacking stove Coleman, bottles of propane Coleman and Coleman stove itself is much easier to find for those who go to such benefits or last minute travel always in the middle of nowhere. If you are prepared and plan your trips so the Primus is the way to go.There are a lot of choices for backpacking stoves cheap. If none of these stoves will fit your needs check backpacking camping and many retailers search for an item on sale or clearance you like.