sitting down for my first proper self study session inâŠfar too long (;_;) but i feel very motivated! todayâs focuses: qazaq and korean ^-^
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sitting down for my first proper self study session inâŠfar too long (;_;) but i feel very motivated! todayâs focuses: qazaq and korean ^-^

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just out of curiosity, what do you use to track your language study hours? (the dark mode one) thanks in advance!
lingotrack!! it took me a while to backlog all my media logs but it's taken over my life fr
28.06.2025 // summer break!!
accomplished a surprising amount today! now that it's summer and i don't have classes, i wanted to keep up with reading and writing for chinese, so i finally got back to using TOFU properly again ^-^ i also dusted off my dot account, because i needed an hsk 6 graded reader resource. i was pleasantly surprised that the restrictions they'd originally placed on free accounts when they transitioned to a free/paid split seem to have been reduced a great deal (probably because they realised that restricting so much from the free model wouldn't work out in the long run). my goal for the summer for chinese is 100 flashcards per day for the two TOFU decks, plus three dot articles per day. for korean, i was able to get through a full lingory unit as well! i feel like i'm making good progress in terms of skills as wellâi would place myself solidly at an a1 level now; the hardest part is just remembering vocabularyâi really need to put together a TOFU deck for the vocab i learn while doing lessons! (i tell myself every day, and then forget...) otherwise, i feel pretty confident in the basic grammar forms that i've learnt so farâi just need to track down some graded readers; i really wish there were a korean graded reader-specific app for korean, because graded readers for it are surprisingly hard to find! tomorrow's goals are to add in some german studying as wellâit's not really feasible for me to add any more language classes to my uni courseload, because taking 20 credit hours a quarter isn't sustainable for me over the longterm, so i'd like to improve through self-study instead. from what i remember, there's lots of german graded readers, so that's good! i've also downloaded two novels i really enjoyed in english in german translation, and i'd like to work through a chapter a day or so, though i'm not sure how that'll actually work out. definitely will be using the busuu course, though, because from what i remember poking around a while back it seems pretty good.
learning a lot in each class, so here's some of my notes from my second kurmanji class over the weekend ^-^
vocabulary
çawa - how xwarin (present stem xw-) - food, to eat xwendevan (m), sagirt (m) - reader, scholar, student sev (f) - apple çar - four ĂźbranĂź - hebrew jĂźn (prs jĂź-), jiyan (prs jĂź-) - to live niha - now hinekĂź, hindekĂź - a little kĂźjan - which bajar (m) - city kirin (prs k-) - to do pirsĂźn (prs pirs-) - to ask hewa (m) - weather ewir (m) - cloudy berf (m) - snow hatin (prs hat-) - to come deng (m) - voice, sound xelk (m) - a people Ćer (m) - war ĆĂȘr (m) - lion dil (m) - heart dĂźl (m) - hostage dĂ» (m) - smoke baĆtir, çĂȘtir - better xwiĆk (f) - sister xwĂźn (f) - blood xwedĂź (m) - owner, relatives XwedĂȘ/Xweda - God (originating from the zoroastrian term) taĆtĂȘ (f) - breakfast firavĂźn (f) - meal between 1.00pm and 2.00pm, lunch Ćiv (f) - meal between 7.00pm and 9.00pm, dinner birçin (f) - hunger pĂźr (m, f) - old (in age), elder, a yezidi religious title av (f), aw (f) - water mast (m) - yoghurt agir (m) - fire çĂȘkirin (prs çe_k-, combined verb) - to make, to do (auxiliary verb) firne (f) - oven beq (m) - frog cotkar - farmer genim (m) - wheat çandir (prs çinĂź-) - to plant, to sow çav (m) - eye ĆĂźn - blue reng (m) - colour qehweyĂź - brown kesk - green derĂź (m) - door sor - red reĆ - black sipĂź, spĂź - white boz - grey, blond(e) zer - yellow, blond(e) ser çavan, ser seran - "how nice" (lit "on my eyes", "on my head") kĂȘfxweĆ - happy (state of emotion) (from kĂȘf "joy, pleasure" + xweĆ "nice") dĂȘ - will (future marker) paĆĂȘ - later
nominalisation
verbs can be used as nouns; in this case, the resultant verb is always grammatically feminine
jiyan (to live) -> jiyan (life, f) xwarin (to eat) -> xwarin (food, f)
ezafe
ezafe is used to link atributes to a noun, and to show posession. the form of the ezafe is -ĂȘ after masculine nouns, and -a after feminine nouns. for nouns ending in a vowel, a -y- is inserted between the noun and the ezafe.
the basic ezafe form is [noun + ezafe][posessor]
hevalĂȘ min my friend (m)
hevala min my friend (f)
çavĂȘn min kesk e my eyes are green
rengĂȘ çavĂȘn te çß ye? what colour are your eyes?
double negation and double positives
when negating multiple things, the form ne...ne... can be used, similar to the english neither...nor...
li ba me ne berf e, Ă» ne ewir e the weather is neither snowy nor cloudy
for stating multiple positives, the structure hem...hem... can be used, similar to the turkish construction, meaing both...and...
li ba me hem roj e Ă» hem germ e the weather is both sunny and hot
the verb kirin
the compound çĂȘkirin is used to indicate "making" something, such as food or drink. it is formed of the prefix çĂȘ- and the noun kirin, which has the prs form of k-. when using it in sentences, di- is inserted between the prefix and the stem, and the stem is conjugated according to standard verbal rules.
ez çayĂȘ çĂȘdikim i make tea
kirin by itself acts as an auxiliary to other words, such as hez. when used together, hez...kirin means "to like"
ez hez beqĂȘ dikim i like the frog
25.01.2025 // winter quarter
i've fallen a bit behind on my self-studying :') however, i was surprised by how much i remembered when i took a stab at it again! turns out that muscle memory applies to your brain as well as your limbs, haha. anyway, today's topic was parting phrases and the particles ê·žë°ë° and ì and ìì. i did feel briefly worried when i was reading some of the dialogue and not understanding what ì meant, but once i read the little grammar portion, i was like, ah! i see!
i've also decided to take notes physically, rather than just digitallyâi need to get in the habit of writing by hand, because it makes the words and grammar stick much better than if i just take digital notes. also, it's nice to look at my notebook and see physical reminders of the progress i've made.

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2026.03.19 // spring break
managed to get in about an hour and a half of studying today! i focused on korean and mongolian, and did a short graded reader for german. i'm getting back into the hang of things with korean; the grammar in use textbook i'm using feels at the right level for me, and i've been translating everything in there to work on my comprehension of full sentences, rather than just the grammar principles. with mongolian, i haven't really done much with it previously, so i'm more or less starting from scratch. the textbook i'm using is fairly heavy on the explanation portions, so i only got through about half the chapter today, but i think it's fairly well written and i understood what was being explained. and my practice with cyrillic cursive while taking my qazaq class last year is really coming in handy haha. i need to add a bunch of flashcards from the reading that was included at the start, though. in terms of german, i discovered the graded reader app readle, which has a lot of articles available at all levels. i was originally reading a2 level articles, but i found out that i'm actually more or less able to understand b1 level articles entirely, which made me very happy, because it means that i made decent progress in my german class in the autumn quarter (i used to be around b1-b2 and then spent years not practising and fell to probably an a1-a2 level TT-TT).
2025.07.04 // summer break!!
i've been chipping away at my chinese maintenance for the past few days, but haven't been doing much active studyingâhaven't really had the energy. but today i did! so i studied a few lessons on lingory; i think my listening skills are slowly improvingâi can more or less get the general understanding of the example sentences just from listening to them, and respond to questions. it's mostly just a matter of remembering vocabularyâi still need to put together a flashcard deck for vocab! in terms of preparation for the next academic year, i've emailed my managers to make sure that i can return to my library position (i can!) and added a german first year review course to my autumn quarter plans, since i have more scholarship money for the year and can pay for an extra class. but that's in the futureâfor now, i'm enjoying slowly picking my way through personal language studies and relaxing ^-^
06.03.2025 // winter quarter
buckling down on qazaqâour professor isnât offering another class in the spring due to course load, so i need to get to a minimum a2 level on my own :â) but luckily i did more or less the same with german on my own when i first started studying languages properly, so i know iâm capable!
i happened to remember that i had come across a great qazaq textbook geared towards independent study last yearâand i found it again! itâs kazakh for beginners: a comprehensive self-study course, and from the start it provides so much more information than any of the other textbooks or grammars iâd found. plus, itâs in cyrillic script, so i donât have to try and relearn how to read! (the routledge grammar uses the latinate script, but our professor teaches with cyrillic, soâŠ)
iâm planning on writing down specific goals for where i want to be by the start of summer quarter, but for now, just having a reliable, well-structured text to study off of helps a lot. and the warning weather and blossoming flowers all around campus definitely help improve my mood haha