#igwhc

A group of medical students and researchers from the Northeastern Region of Brazil produced this guideline, in order to provide doctors or health teams who work in the so-called Brazilian Primary Care Programs as well as those professionals working in the most remote interiors of the country. Guideline-based on current scientific evidence and adapted to the Brazilian reality, to help in the treatment and recovery of the health of women affected by the pelvic inflammatory disease, especially those young, adolescent patients with no access to information.

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/gynecology-women-health-journal/fulltext/pelvic-inflammatory-disease-an-evidence-based-guideline.ID.000120.php

Introduction: Hearing loss is hidden disability. Audio logical characteristics of hearing loss varies depending on age, gender, geographical location, socioeconomic status, occupational and other causative factors may interact with each other.

Aim: The present study aimed at exploring the audio logical characteristics of patients across the age range in both males and females receiving services at Department of ENT at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, India: A retrospective study.

Method: A retrospective case analysis was carried out by reviewing 1189 registered cases of those who received services from department of ENT at NSCB Medical College. The details of age, gender, degree, type of hearing loss, and management were obtained.

Result: The results indicated that 30% of the patients reported with complaints related to hearing were in the age range of 1829 years and only 7% were below 14 years. Among these 60.8% were males and 39.1 % were females. The majority of patients were exhibiting moderate (21%) hearing loss followed by mild (18.2%). A significant number of patients (18.4%) do exhibited normal hearing sensitivity. The type of the hearing loss in majority of these patients is conductive hearing loss (48.3%) exhibiting flat configuration (64.2%) in the audiogram. Hence, most of these patients underwent medical/surgical treatment (73.8%) to avoid the spread of infection or disease further. Some of the patients with irreversible hearing loss were recommended for hearing aid usage (20.9) and cochlear implantation (5%).

Conclusion: The study focuses on highlighting the details of various patients reporting to an otolaryngology set up exhibiting different type and degree of hearing loss and the respective treatment suggested and team work of an otolaryngologist and audiologist. The study also concludes that awareness need to be increased among public to identify children with mild and moderate hearing loss as the number of children reporting to the clinic are very less compared to the adults. Early intervention has major role in developing the speech and language skills of the children.

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/gynecology-women-health-journal/fulltext/audiological-characteristics-of-individuals-with-hearing-loss-in-otolaryngology-setup-a-retrospective-study-in-india.ID.000119.php

Aging is an irreversible, progressive and complex process that is manifested with macroscopic and microscopic changes in tissues, organs and systems. Human aging starts at the age of 30-40 years. The causes of aging remain unclear but reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage are the two acceptable theories. Stimulation of autophagy, caloric restriction and physical exercise are supposed to slow down the aging changes. Thyrotropin releasing hormone and melatonin are considered as antiaging factors. Despite the increase in human life-expectancy, the reproductive organs are the earliest to reveal adverse age-related changes. In male aging there are decreased level of serum testosterone, decline in sperm count and quality, and derangement of androgen target organs such as bone, muscle, and psychosexual function. Older father will likely give rise to an offspring with genetic anomaly, childhood cancer, and or neuropsychiatric disorder. Inflammaging in women is an age-dependent low-grade and chronic inflammation that accelerates reproductive dysfunction in the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus. Experimental researches have revealed increased fibrosis of ovarian stroma in old female animals. Sex hormones- replacement therapy should be cautiously adopted in aging individuals.

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/gynecology-women-health-journal/fulltext/aging-of-reproductive-systems-a-review-article.ID.000117.php

Aging is an irreversible, progressive and complex process that is manifested with macroscopic and microscopic changes in tissues, organs and systems. Human aging starts at the age of 30-40 years. The causes of aging remain unclear but reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage are the two acceptable theories. Stimulation of autophagy, caloric restriction and physical exercise are supposed to slow down the aging changes. Thyrotropin releasing hormone and melatonin are considered as antiaging factors. Despite the increase in human life-expectancy, the reproductive organs are the earliest to reveal adverse age-related changes. In male aging there are decreased level of serum testosterone, decline in sperm count and quality, and derangement of androgen target organs such as bone, muscle, and psychosexual function. Older father will likely give rise to an offspring with genetic anomaly, childhood cancer, and or neuropsychiatric disorder. Inflammaging in women is an age-dependent low-grade and chronic inflammation that accelerates reproductive dysfunction in the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus. Experimental researches have revealed increased fibrosis of ovarian stroma in old female animals. Sex hormones- replacement therapy should be cautiously adopted in aging individuals. 

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/gynecology-women-health-journal/fulltext/aging-of-reproductive-systems-a-review-article.ID.000117.php

Introduction: Perinatal hemolytic disease occurs due to the passage of antibodies from maternal to fetal circulation through the placenta; this leads to fetal erythrocytes hemolysis and death (in extreme cases). Regarding the treatment by intrauterine transfusion, little is known about the effect of the concentration of transfused adult red blood cells on the hemodynamics and gas exchanges in the fetal blood.

Objective: to compare the gasometric values between fetuses with gradual elevation of adult hemoglobin (HbA) concentration after intrauterine transfusion and anemic fetuses with only fetal hemoglobin (HbF).

Methods: a longitudinal observational study was carried out from 1998 to 2015 with 365 transfusions performed on 143 fetuses. The HbF concentration was determined by the Kleihauer-Betke test and pH, pCO2, pO2, SatO2, HCO3 and BE values were obtained from umbilical cord venous blood. The cases were ordered according to the deficit of Hb concentration in comparison with normality curve given for each gestational age.

Results: the gradual substitution of fetal by adult red blood cells did not significantly influenced the gasometric parameters for both Hb deficit lower than 5 g/dL [pH (p=0.958), pCO2 (p=0.400), pO2 (p=0.493), SatO2 (p=0.698), HCO3 (p=0.495) and BE (p=0.522)] and higher than 5 g/dL [pH (p=0.601), pCO2 (p=0.065), pO2 (p=0.770), SatO2 (p=0.096), HCO3 (p=0.096) and BE (p=0.525)].

Conclusions: Due to the existence of a hematological system with great capacity of metabolic balance, no associations between gasometric parameters and the percentage of HbF replacement were observed; this, regardless the degree of anemia resulted from Hb deficit.

http://lupinepublishers.com/gynecology-women-health-journal/fulltext/evaluation-of-gasometric-behavior-of-transfused-fetuses-in-alloimmunized-pregnant-women-according-to-the-concentration-of-circulating-adult-hemoglobin.ID.000116.php

Abstract: Clinically diagnosed foetal distress (non reassuring foetal heart rate, meconium stained liquor, altered foetal movement) is one of the leading cause of cesarean section. This study was done for evaluation and correlation of intraoperative condition and neonatal status associated with clinically diagnosed foetal distress.

Methodology: It was a hospital based observational study done in tertiary care hospital in women with clinically diagnosed foetal distress - non reassuring foetal heart rate, meconium stained liquor, altered foetal movement were included in study a details history was taken and intraoperative factors- Liquor (amount and colour), Placenta, Cord were noted. Detailed record of neonatal status was recorded. All data was collected and analyzed.

Result: Among 139 women with clinically diagnosed foetal distress 51% had not reassuring foetal heart rate, 21.5% had meconium Stained liquor, 27.3% had altered foetal movement. Evaluation showed 9.8% had meconium stained liquor 45% had nuchal cord, 8.4% had abruptio placenta in non reassuring foetal heart rate cases. 31.5% had nuchal cord, 13.1% liquor was absent and in 2.6% liquor was meconium stained in altered foetal movements cases. Nuchal cord was present in 6.6% cases with meconium stained liquor. Apgar score of <7/10 and birth weight <2.5 kg present in 10.7% &23% cases respectively. Average neonatal intensive care unit stay was of 7 days and among them meconium aspiration syndrome were maximum.

Conclusion: Careful evaluation should be done for clinically diagnosed Meconium Stained Liquor, altered foetal movement & nonreassuring foetal heartrate. Over diagnosis of foetal distress & misinterpretation of foetal heartrate increased the hospital burden of cesarean section. This points the need to confirm foetal distress diagnosed clinically with foetal blood acid base study & cardiotocography monitoring if possible or using two parameters for better reliability.

http://lupinepublishers.com/gynecology-women-health-journal/fulltext/intrapartum-analysis-of-lower-segment-cesarean-section-undertaken-for-clinically-diagnosed-foetal-distress.ID.000115.php

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study to explore and describe the psychological impact and social support following perinatal loss among Sudanese Mothers who have been through it before, hence, to evaluate it among them, to estimate the magnitude of psychological and social consequences of childbirth resulting in perinatal death, to explore and describe social support following perinatal loss, and to assess how well our health care providers feel when dealing with parents who have suffered perinatal loss. The study was conducted at 3 hospitals; namely, Saudi, Saad Abulilla and Omdurman maternity hospitals; among Sudanese Mothers who had experienced perinatal losses from February to July 2014, using a self- administered questionnaire after a prior informed consent. They were interviewed between the 1st days to 12 months following their fetal losses. Data was collected by trained data collectors- through self-administered questionnaires and interviews- using a structured format, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Program version 16 software. A total of 110 respondent Sudanese mothers were included, most of them were house wives, and 58(52.7%) aged between 31-40 years. 96 (87.3%) experienced sadness after loss and had a desire to carry another pregnancy in the future. Family and husband play an important role in providing support. 96 (87.3%) agreed that whatever happened was a test from God. Mothers who have been through perinatal losses should be screened for psychosocial impact. Family, husband and friends should continue to provide emotional support. Health care providers should provide psychosocial support during antenatal, delivery and postnatal care .

http://lupinepublishers.com/gynecology-women-health-journal/fulltext/the-psychological-impact-of-foetal-loss%20at-term-on-sudanese-mothers.ID.000114.php

Ovarian cancer ranks fifth with a 5-year survival of 40% for patients with advanced disease and remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy among women [1]. Most patients with advanced disease undergo aggressive frontline treatments with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy; however, 80% of patients ultimately recur within few months and develop chemoresistant disease [2]. Advances in traditional treatment regimens and addition bevacizumab as a targeted therapy have shown promising results with improved progression-free survival but overall survival rates still remains the unaltered.

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/gynecology-women-health-journal/fulltext/immunotherapy-in-ovarian-cancer.ID.000112.php