#heat engine

Impact of Engine Cylinder Liners in the Industrial Applications

A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travel. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine book, which is typically cast from aluminium or cast iron before receiving precision machine work. The engine cylinder liners can be sleeved (lined with a harder metal) or sleeveless (with a wear-resistant coating such as Nikasil). A sleeveless engine can be referred to as a “parent-bore engine”.

A cylinder’s displacement, or swept volume, may be calculated by multiplying its cross-sectional area (the square of half the bore by pi) by the distance the piston travels within the cylinder (the stroke). The engine displacement may be calculated by multiplying the swept volume of one cylinder by the number of cylinders use in machine.

A piston is seated inside every cylinder by various metal piston ring fitted around its outside surface in machined grooves; typically, two for compressional sealing and one to seal the oil. The rings make close contact with the cylinder walls (sleeved or sleeveless), riding on a thin layer of lubricating oil; necessary to keep the engine from seizing and necessitating a cylinder wall’s durable surface.

During the initial stage of an engine’s life, its early breaking-in or running-in period, small irregularities in the metals are encouraged to gradually form congruent grooves by avoiding extreme operating conditions. After in its life, later mechanical wear has increased the space between the piston and the cylinder (with a consequent decrease in power output). The cylinders may be machined to a slightly larger diameter to receive new sleeves (where applicable) and piston rings, a process is sometimes known as reborning.

Heat Engines

Impact of Engine Cylinder Liners in the Industrial Applications

A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travel. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine book, which is typically cast from aluminium or cast iron before receiving precision machine work. The engine cylinder liners can be sleeved (lined with a harder metal) or sleeveless (with a wear-resistant coating such as Nikasil). A sleeveless engine can be referred to as a “parent-bore engine”.

A cylinder’s displacement, or swept volume, may be calculated by multiplying its cross-sectional area (the square of half the bore by pi) by the distance the piston travels within the cylinder (the stroke). The engine displacement may be calculated by multiplying the swept volume of one cylinder by the number of cylinders use in machine.

A piston is seated inside every cylinder by various metal piston ring fitted around its outside surface in machined grooves; typically, two for compressional sealing and one to seal the oil. The rings make close contact with the cylinder walls (sleeved or sleeveless), riding on a thin layer of lubricating oil; necessary to keep the engine from seizing and necessitating a cylinder wall’s durable surface.

During the initial stage of an engine’s life, its early breaking-in or running-in period, small irregularities in the metals are encouraged to gradually form congruent grooves by avoiding extreme operating conditions. After in its life, later mechanical wear has increased the space between the piston and the cylinder (with a consequent decrease in power output). The cylinders may be machined to a slightly larger diameter to receive new sleeves (where applicable) and piston rings, a process is sometimes known as reborning.

Heat Engines

Impact of Engine Cylinder Liners in the Industrial Applications

A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travel. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine book, which is typically cast from aluminium or cast iron before receiving precision machine work. The engine cylinder liners can be sleeved (lined with a harder metal) or sleeveless (with a wear-resistant coating such as Nikasil). A sleeveless engine can be referred to as a “parent-bore engine”.

A cylinder’s displacement, or swept volume, may be calculated by multiplying its cross-sectional area (the square of half the bore by pi) by the distance the piston travels within the cylinder (the stroke). The engine displacement may be calculated by multiplying the swept volume of one cylinder by the number of cylinders use in machine.

A piston is seated inside every cylinder by various metal piston ring fitted around its outside surface in machined grooves; typically, two for compressional sealing and one to seal the oil. The rings make close contact with the cylinder walls (sleeved or sleeveless), riding on a thin layer of lubricating oil; necessary to keep the engine from seizing and necessitating a cylinder wall’s durable surface.

During the initial stage of an engine’s life, its early breaking-in or running-in period, small irregularities in the metals are encouraged to gradually form congruent grooves by avoiding extreme operating conditions. After in its life, later mechanical wear has increased the space between the piston and the cylinder (with a consequent decrease in power output). The cylinders may be machined to a slightly larger diameter to receive new sleeves (where applicable) and piston rings, a process is sometimes known as reborning.

Heat Engines

Single electrically charged atom used to create smallest working heat engine ever

An article in the latest edition of the journal Science describes an innovative form of heat engine that operates using only one single atom. The engine is the result of experiments undertaken by the QUANTUM work group at the Institute of Physics of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in collaboration with theoretical physicists of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU).

Heat engines have played an important role in shaping society ever since the Industrial Revolution.

READ MORE ON JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY MAINZ

Ref: A single-atom heat engine. Science (15 April 2016) | DOI: 10.1126/science.aad6320

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