#gc-ms analysis

Kamettia caryophyllata (Roxb.) Nicolson & Suresh, an endemic climber, has been traditionally used in various medicinal preparations, yet its phytochemical and pharmacological properties remain insufficiently explored. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of the methanolic fruit extract of K. caryophyllata. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out to identify major secondary metabolites. Quantitative estimation of phenolics and flavonoids was performed using standard spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical-scavenging and phosphomolybdenum assays, and anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using nitric oxide scavenging and trypsin inhibition assays. GC–MS analysis was performed to identify specific bioactive compounds. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and carbohydrates. Quantitative analysis showed high phenolic (169.69 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (78.62 mg QE/g extract) contents. The extract showed strong antioxidant activity, with EC₅₀ values of 5.20 µg/ml (DPPH) and 7.80 µg/ml (phosphomolybdenum), comparable to those of the standard ascorbic acid. Moderate anti-inflammatory activity was observed with an IC₅₀ value of 170.01 µg/ml in the nitric oxide scavenging assay and 65.75% inhibition in the trypsin inhibition assay. GC–MS analysis identified several bioactive compounds, including trans phytol, methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, oleic acid, clionasterol, lupenone, and betulol. The results suggest that K. caryophyllata fruits are rich in bioactive phytochemicals and possess significant antioxidant and moderate anti-inflammatory activities, indicating their potential as a natural source of therapeutic agents.

Acinetobacter species is associated with healthcare-associated infections especially chronic cough and other related complications. They are becoming increasingly antibiotic resistant. In the present work, the antimicrobial activity of different extract (water, ethanol, methanol, and chloroform) of Piper betel leaves were tested against Acinetobacter sp. SZ-1 and Acinetobacter baumanii TM-1 isolated from clinical samples collected from the patients suffering from pharyngitis, bronchitis and sore throat. For the antibacterial activity, different plant extracts were used in which Piper betel leaf stand out to be the most effective. Six solvents were used for this study in which only chloroformic extract showed the zones of inhibition. TLC analysis showed five spots with Rf 0.896,0.973,0.747,0.574 and 0.482. SDS-PAGE revealed proteins of different molecular weight when the bacterial cells were treated with ethanolic extract. It was also confirmed by Bradford analysis. GCMS analysis depicted different bioactive compounds including phytol; phenol,2,2-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl; spirost-8-en-11-one,3-hydroxy-,(3β,5α,14β,20β,22β,25R) and 2,2,4-trimethyle-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol. Furthermore, in silico analysis can enhance the existing knowledge about establishing the significance of P. betel leaves as an effective drug to treat the acute and chronic upper respiratory tract infections.

Acinetobacter species is associated with healthcare-associated infections especially chronic cough and other related complications. They are becoming increasingly antibiotic resistant. In the present work, the antimicrobial activity of different extract (water, ethanol, methanol, and chloroform) of Piper betel leaves were tested against Acinetobacter sp. SZ-1 and Acinetobacter baumanii TM-1 isolated from clinical samples collected from the patients suffering from pharyngitis, bronchitis and sore throat. For the antibacterial activity, different plant extracts were used in which Piper betel leaf stand out to be the most effective. Six solvents were used for this study in which only chloroformic extract showed the zones of inhibition. TLC analysis showed five spots with Rf 0.896,0.973,0.747,0.574 and 0.482. SDS-PAGE revealed proteins of different molecular weight when the bacterial cells were treated with ethanolic extract. It was also confirmed by Bradford analysis. GCMS analysis depicted different bioactive compounds including phytol; phenol,2,2-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl; spirost-8-en-11-one,3-hydroxy-,(3β,5α,14β,20β,22β,25R) and 2,2,4-trimethyle-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol. Furthermore, in silico analysis can enhance the existing knowledge about establishing the significance of P. betel leaves as an effective drug to treat the acute and chronic upper respiratory tract infections.

This study investigated the chemical composition of Bursera penicillata essential oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess its potential therapeutic applications. Essential oils have gained significant attention as natural alternatives for antimicrobial and wound-healing treatments because of their bioactive constituents. B. penicillata, a member of the Burseraceae family, is traditionally used in herbal medicine; however, its phytochemical profile remains underexplored. The essential oil was extracted from fresh bark resin through hydrodistillation and analyzed using a Shimadzu GCMS-TQ8050 NX system. The analysis identified 71 compounds, with isopulegol acetate being the dominant component, followed by acetyl betulinaldehyde, geranyl acetate, and caryophyllene. These constituents belong to various chemical classes including terpenes, fatty acids, steroids, and triterpenes. The essential oil contained a diverse range of bioactive compounds with potential antimicrobial and wound-healing properties. Terpenes such as isopulegol acetate and geranyl acetate are known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, whereas fatty acids contribute to skin barrier integrity and hydration. Steroids and triterpenes, including urs-12-en-28-al and acetyl betulinaldehyde, are associated with collagen synthesis and fibroblast proliferation, which are crucial for tissue regeneration. The presence of hydrocarbon derivatives suggests additional protective effects against microbial colonization. This study highlights the complex phytochemical composition of B. penicillata essential oil and its potential therapeutic significance. Future studies should focus on validating its pharmacological properties through in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as exploring formulation strategies to enhance its stability and bioavailability for clinical applications.

Distimake dissectus (Jacq.) A.R. Simões & Staples. is belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. It is commonly called as ”alamo vine” is a perennial herb. The current study investigates the GC-MS characterization, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties of D. dissectus. The methanolic leaf extract included 53 different phytochemicals, as determined by the GC-MS analysis.The DPPH radical scavenging assay revealed the IC50 values of methanol extract 160.03±0.857, hexane extract 145.61±0.62, and ascorbic acid 24.12±0.313 respectively. The anti-bacterial activity was studied by the Agar well-diffusion method with four concentrations (25 µl, 50 µl,75 µl and 100 µl). The leaf extracts showed remarkable antibacterial activities, the maximum zone of inhibition observed in methanol extract compared to hexane extract for each bacterium was as follows., S. aureus (100µg/18mm), E. coli (100µg/18mm), S. pneumonia, (100µg/13mm), P. aeruginosa (100µg/14mm), the MIC was recorded its active at concentration of 200 µg/ml in S. aureus and E. coli. The anti-fungal activity was tested by well diffusion method, the methanol extract showed C. albicans (100µg/16mm) and hexane (100µg/14mm). The Griess test, which measures the anti-inflammatory response, was employed to assess the substances that inhibit the production of NO, at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, the methanol extract exhibited a NO inhibition of 49.04±0.457. The current study’s findings will pave the way for the creation of herbal remedies using. The findings of the current study on D. dissectus may pave the way for the development of herbal remedies for a variety of illnesses, potentially resulting in the creation of innovative therapeutics.

This study was conducted in both field and greenhouse settings. The experiment featured five replications and followed a randomized plot design and was replicated twice in both 2020 and 2021. In the experiment, cruciferous plant extracts were applied at concentrations of 2%, 6%, and 10% in pots, each containing 20 field dodder seeds and a single eggplant seedling. The purpose of this study was to assess the allelopathic effects of these extracts on various parameters, including field dodder seed germination, field dodder fresh biomass, eggplant height, the total number of eggplant branches per plant, and the number of infected eggplant branches per plant. Additionally, the cruciferous plant samples underwent GC-MS analysis to determine their content of isothiocyanate compounds. The cruciferous plant extracts did not negatively affect eggplant height or the number of eggplant branches per plant. However, all the cruciferous plant extracts led to a reduction in the field dodder seed germination rate. The treatment involving turnip extract at a 10% concentration demonstrated the highest efficiency, resulting in a reduction of 55.72% in the field dodder seed germination rate. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the allelopathic effects of cruciferous plants increased in tandem with increasing extract concentrations. The results of the GC-MS analysis indicated that turnip exhibited the highest percentage of isothiocyanate compounds among the cruciferous plants, accounting for 56.6% of the total, whereas black radish exhibited the lowest percentage at 29.2%.