#exam spec

From the official AQA exam specification for A level Biology

Pathogens

Pathogens include bacteria, viruses and fungi.

Disease can result from pathogenic micro-organisms penetrating any of an organism’s interfaces with the environment. These interfaces include the digestive and gas-exchange systems.

Pathogens cause disease by damaging the cells of the host and by producing toxins.

Lifestyle

Lifestyle can affect human health.

Specific risk factors are associated with cancer and coronary heart disease.

Changes in lifestyle may also be associated with a reduced risk of contracting these conditions.

Analyse and interpret data associated with specific risk factors and the incidence of disease

From the official AQA exam specification for A level Chemistry

Fundamental particles

Describe the properties of protons, neutrons and electrons in terms of relative charge and relative mass

Early models of atomic structure predicted that atoms and ions with noble gas electron arrangements should be stable.

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Understand the importance of these particles in the structure of the atom and appreciate that there are various models to illustrate atomic structure

Mass number and isotopes

Recall the meaning of mass number and atomic (proton) number

Explain the existence of isotopes

Understand the principles of a simple mass spectrometer, limited to ionisation, acceleration, deflection and detection

The mass spectrometer gives accurate information about relative isotopic mass and also about the relative abundance of isotopes.

Interpret simple mass spectra of elements and calculate relative atomic mass from isotopic abundance, limited to mononuclear ions

Mass spectrometry can be used to identify elements (as used for example in planetary space probes).

Mass spectrometry can be used to determine relative molecular mass.

Electron arrangement

Know the electron configurations of atoms and ions up to proton number 36 in terms of levels and sub-levels (orbitals) s, p and d

Know the meaning of the term ionisation energy

Official exam spec here.

  1. Fundamental particles

Describe the properties of protons, neutrons and electrons in terms of relative charge and relative mass

Know that early models of atomic structure predicted that atoms and ions with noble gas electron arrangements should be stable

  2. Protons, neutrons and electrons

Understand the importance of these particles in the structure of the atom

Appreciate that there are various models to illustrate atomic structure

  3. Mass number and isotopes

Recall the meaning of mass number (A) and atomic (proton) number (Z)

Explain the existence of isotopes

Understand the principles of a simple mass spectrometer, limited to ionisation, acceleration, deflection and detection

Know that the mass spectrometer gives accurate information about relative isotopic mass and also about the relative abundance of isotopes

Interpret simple mass spectra of elements and calculate relative atomic mass from isotopic abundance, limited to mononuclear ions

Know that mass spectrometry can be used to identify elements (as used for example in planetary space probes)

Know that mass spectrometry can be used to determine relative molecular mass

  4. Electron arrangement

Know the electron configurations of atoms and ions up to Z = 36 in terms of levels and sub-levels (orbitals) s, p and d

Know the meaning of the term ionisation energy