#esp32project

Build a compact multi-function IR remote system using Arduino Nano, a TSOP38238 IR receiver module, and an IR transmitter LED. This project combines IR signal decoding and IR signal transmission into a single embedded platform. The first Arduino setup captures infrared remote control signals and displays complete NEC protocol information including hexadecimal raw code, protocol type, address, and command values on the Serial Monitor. The second setup works as a programmable IR remote transmitter capable of controlling RGB LED strips and wireless motor functions using only three push buttons.

This project demonstrates real-world infrared communication by capturing, decoding, storing, and retransmitting IR signals for wireless control applications. Perfect for learning embedded systems, Arduino programming, EEPROM storage, and NEC protocol handling. 🔧

Components Required

Arduino Nano

IR LED

TSOP38238 IR Receiver

82Ω Resistor

Push Buttons

Breadboard

Connecting wires

Read the complete tutorial 👇 DIY Arduino IR Remote Controller Tutorial

Control LEDs, motors, and more using just sound! This project uses an ESP32 and a high-precision I2S microphone to detect claps and voice signals for smart automation 🔊

ESP32 + INMP441 = Real-time audio processing + intelligent control

Unlike basic sound sensors, this setup captures actual digital audio data, allowing advanced detection like clap patterns and future voice recognition systems.

What you need:

ESP32 Development Board

INMP441 I2S Digital Microphone Module

L293D Motor Driver

DC Motor

LED

220Ω Resistor

Breadboard

Jumper Wires

Li-Po Battery

The INMP441 continuously listens and sends digital audio data to the ESP32 using I2S.

The ESP32 then:

Analyzes sound using RMS (background noise)

Detects peak spikes (claps)

Applies adaptive noise filtering

Differentiates between:

👏 Single clap → Toggle LED

👏👏 Double clap → Toggle motor

This makes the system reliable even in noisy environments.

Why this setup is powerful?

Digital audio (not just sound level detection)

Works as a base for offline voice assistants

Expandable to keyword detection & AI voice control

Much more accurate than analog sound sensors

Applications:

Smart home automation 🏠

Touchless control systems ✋

Voice-enabled robotics 🤖

Accessibility solutions ♿

Most people think stress detection requires expensive medical equipment or professional polygraph systems. Surprisingly, modern microcontrollers have become powerful enough to monitor several physiological indicators associated with stress using affordable components.

👉 Read the complete ESP32 Biometric Stress Detector tutorial on Quartz Components

One interesting example combines an ESP32 Development Board with a MAX30100 Heart Rate Sensor to create a real-time biometric stress detector. By monitoring heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance, the system can estimate a user's stress level and generate a live stress score.

The Science Behind It

When a person experiences stress, the body's autonomic nervous system responds almost instantly. Several measurable changes occur:

✔ Heart rate increases

✔ Heart rate variability decreases

✔ Skin conductivity rises due to increased perspiration

These same physiological responses have been used for decades in polygraph and biometric monitoring systems. The difference is that today's maker-friendly hardware makes experimentation far more accessible than ever before.

Why ESP32 Is Perfect For The Job

The ESP32 isn't just another microcontroller.

Its built-in Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, dual-core processor, and capacitive touch sensing capabilities allow it to process biometric data in real time while communicating with external sensors such as the MAX30100.

Even more interesting, the ESP32's touch pins can be used to estimate skin conductivity without requiring a dedicated GSR module, making the entire project both affordable and compact.

Beyond Simple Heart Rate Monitoring

Most DIY health projects stop at displaying BPM values.

A more advanced approach involves combining multiple biometric signals into a single stress index. By comparing live readings against a personalized baseline, the system can identify changes that may indicate elevated stress levels.

This multi-sensor approach delivers significantly more meaningful insights than relying on heart rate alone.

What Can You Learn From This Project?

Building a biometric stress detector introduces several valuable engineering concepts:

I2C sensor communication

Signal filtering techniques

HRV calculations

Capacitive touch sensing

Embedded data processing

Real-time physiological monitoring

Whether you're a student, maker, IoT enthusiast, or electronics hobbyist, projects like these provide a practical introduction to biomedical sensing and wearable technology.

Want To Build One Yourself?

We've created a complete step-by-step guide covering:

✅ Components required

✅ Circuit connections

✅ ESP32 source code

✅ Stress scoring algorithm

✅ Calibration process

✅ Real-time visualization setup

You can find the full tutorial, component list, and project resources at Quartz Components, where we regularly publish hands-on electronics, IoT, robotics, and ESP32-based projects.

The ESP32 has completely transformed the world of DIY electronics and IoT development. From smart home automation and wireless sensor networks to robotics, industrial monitoring, AI edge devices, and wearable electronics, ESP32 boards are now powering millions of connected projects worldwide.

One of the biggest reasons behind this popularity is the massive variety of ESP32 boards available today. What started as a simple Wi-Fi + Bluetooth microcontroller family has now evolved into an entire ecosystem of specialized chips and development boards optimized for different applications.

But with so many variants available - ESP32 DevKit, ESP32-C3, ESP32-S2, ESP32-S3, ESP32-H2, WROOM, WROVER, PICO, TTGO, T-Display, T-Beam, and dozens more - selecting the right board for an IoT project can quickly become overwhelming.

This guide breaks down the major ESP32 families, their strengths, weaknesses, and ideal use cases so you can choose the perfect board for your next project.

Why ESP32 Boards Are So Popular?

ESP32 boards combine several features that previously required multiple separate components:

Built-in Wi-Fi

Bluetooth Classic + BLE

Dual-core processing

Low power operation

Rich GPIO support

ADC, DAC, PWM, SPI, I2C, UART

Affordable pricing

Massive software ecosystem

Unlike older Arduino boards that required external Wi-Fi modules, ESP32 boards integrate wireless connectivity directly into the MCU. This dramatically simplifies IoT development while reducing cost and complexity.

The platform also supports multiple development environments including:

Arduino IDE

ESP-IDF

PlatformIO

MicroPython

FreeRTOS

CircuitPython

Because of this flexibility, ESP32 has become the default choice for both beginners and professional embedded developers.

Understanding the ESP32 Ecosystem

The term “ESP32” does not refer to a single board.

Instead, it represents an entire family of microcontrollers and modules developed by Espressif Systems. Different versions are optimized for different tasks like ultra-low power sensing, AI processing, USB applications, display interfacing, or mesh networking.

The ecosystem can broadly be divided into:

Classic ESP32 Series

ESP32-C Series

ESP32-S Series

ESP32-H Series

Specialized Display & LoRa Boards

Compact Mini Boards

Industrial & AIoT Boards

Each category serves different IoT requirements.

Classic ESP32 Boards

ESP32 DevKit V1

The ESP32 DevKit V1 remains the most widely used ESP32 board in the maker community.

It typically uses the ESP32-WROOM-32 module and offers:

Dual-core Xtensa processor

Wi-Fi + Bluetooth

Around 30 GPIO pins

ADC, DAC, PWM, Touch Sensors

Excellent community support

This board is perfect for:

Smart home projects

MQTT communication

Wireless automation

Sensor interfacing

Robotics

IoT learning

For beginners, this is still the safest and most versatile starting point.

ESP32 DevKit V4

The V4 boards are newer revisions with improved power regulation, better USB interfaces, and more stable designs.

They are commonly used in:

Commercial prototyping

Stable USB communication projects

Long-running IoT deployments

ESP32-WROOM-32

This is technically the module used on many development boards.

It contains:

ESP32 chip

Flash memory

RF circuitry

PCB antenna

Manufacturers build custom development boards around this module.

It is widely used for:

Custom PCB designs

Embedded products

Production-ready IoT hardware

ESP32-WROVER

The WROVER series adds PSRAM.

This extra memory is extremely useful for:

Camera applications

TFT displays

Audio processing

AI workloads

Buffer-intensive applications

If your project involves graphics or large data handling, WROVER boards are significantly better than standard WROOM modules.

ESP32-C Series

The ESP32-C series is focused on low power and cost optimization.

ESP32-C3

The ESP32-C3 is one of the most important modern ESP32 variants.

Key features include:

RISC-V architecture

Wi-Fi + BLE 5

Lower power consumption

Improved security

Compact form factor

These boards are excellent for:

Battery-powered sensors

Portable IoT devices

BLE beacons

Smart locks

Energy-efficient nodes

ESP32-C3 boards are rapidly replacing older ESP8266-based designs.

ESP32-C6

The ESP32-C6 introduces major wireless upgrades including:

Wi-Fi 6

BLE 5

Zigbee

Thread support

This makes it ideal for next-generation smart home ecosystems.

C6 boards are becoming increasingly important for Matter-compatible devices and advanced mesh networking applications.

ESP32-S Series

The S-series focuses on USB functionality, AI acceleration, and advanced peripherals.

ESP32-S2

The ESP32-S2 is a single-core processor with native USB support.

It is useful for:

USB gadgets

HID devices

Keyboard emulation

USB automation tools

Secure IoT applications

Although it lacks Bluetooth, it offers strong security features and stable USB integration.

ESP32-S3

The ESP32-S3 is currently one of the most powerful and versatile ESP32 variants available.

Features include:

Dual-core Xtensa LX7

Vector instructions for AI

Native USB

Improved GPIO handling

Better display support

Enhanced BLE capabilities

ESP32-S3 boards are ideal for:

AIoT devices

Voice recognition

Edge machine learning

Smart displays

Camera projects

LVGL GUI applications

Many modern display development boards now use ESP32-S3 chips.

ESP32-H Series

The H-series is optimized for low-power mesh communication.

ESP32-H2

The ESP32-H2 supports:

Zigbee

Thread

BLE 5.2

Unlike most ESP32 variants, it does not include Wi-Fi.

This board is designed specifically for:

Matter devices

Smart home ecosystems

Mesh sensor networks

Industrial automation

As smart home standards evolve, ESP32-H2 boards are expected to become increasingly important.

Compact ESP32 Boards

Miniature ESP32 boards are becoming extremely popular for embedded and wearable projects.

ESP32-C3 Super Mini

Despite its tiny size, this board still provides:

Wi-Fi

BLE

GPIO support

USB programming

It is excellent for:

Wearables

Mini robots

Compact sensors

DIY gadgets

Portable electronics

These boards are especially useful when PCB space is limited.

ESP32-PICO-D4

The PICO series integrates:

MCU

Flash

Passive components

into a single compact package.

This simplifies PCB design and reduces external component count.

Perfect for:

Production devices

Space-constrained designs

Consumer electronics

Display-Based ESP32 Boards

ESP32 display boards are becoming increasingly popular for modern IoT interfaces.

TTGO T-Display

This board combines:

ESP32 MCU

Built-in TFT display

USB interface

Compact design

It is widely used for:

IoT dashboards

Smart clocks

Portable monitoring systems

Cyberdeck projects

Data visualization

LilyGO T-Display S3

The S3 versions offer:

Better processing power

Improved graphics handling

USB-C connectivity

Larger display compatibility

Excellent for LVGL GUI development and smart interfaces.

M5Stack Series

M5Stack boards are modular ESP32 systems designed for rapid prototyping.

They often include:

Displays

Batteries

Sensors

Expansion ports

Grove connectivity

Popular in:

Industrial prototyping

STEM education

Rapid IoT deployment

LoRa ESP32 Boards

LoRa-enabled ESP32 boards combine Wi-Fi with long-range wireless communication.

TTGO T-Beam

The T-Beam includes:

ESP32

LoRa radio

GPS module

Battery management

Perfect for:

GPS tracking

Remote monitoring

Mesh communication

Off-grid IoT systems

These boards are heavily used in Meshtastic projects.

Heltec WiFi LoRa 32

One of the most popular LoRa ESP32 boards.

Features include:

OLED display

LoRa radio

Compact size

USB programming

Excellent for remote sensor nodes and wireless telemetry systems.

Which ESP32 Board Is Best for Beginners?

For beginners, the best overall choice is still the ESP32 DevKit V1.

Why?

Because it offers:

Huge community support

Endless tutorials

Stable performance

Low cost

Easy sensor interfacing

Excellent compatibility

It remains the easiest entry point into IoT development.

Best ESP32 Boards for Different Applications

Best for General IoT

ESP32 DevKit V1

Best for Low Power Projects

ESP32-C3

Best for AI and Smart Displays

ESP32-S3

Best for Matter & Zigbee

ESP32-C6 / ESP32-H2

Best for Wearables

ESP32-C3 Super Mini

Best for LoRa Projects

TTGO T-Beam

Best for GUI Interfaces

LilyGO T-Display S3

Best for Camera Projects

ESP32-WROVER

Final Thoughts

The ESP32 ecosystem has grown far beyond a simple Wi-Fi development board. It now includes specialized platforms for AI, low-power sensing, display interfaces, LoRa communication, Zigbee networking, USB devices, and industrial automation.

The “best” ESP32 board ultimately depends on your exact application requirements.

If you are just starting your IoT journey, an ESP32 DevKit board is still the most practical option. But as projects become more advanced, newer boards like the ESP32-S3, C6, and H2 unlock entirely new possibilities in edge AI, Matter networking, and next-generation wireless communication.

No matter which board you choose, the ESP32 family remains one of the most powerful, flexible, and affordable platforms available for modern IoT development.

Human presence detection just got smarter ⚡

The Ai-Thinker RD-01 24G Radar Human Body Induction Module combines 24GHz mmWave radar + WiFi + BLE into a compact module built for modern smart automation projects.

✔ Detects motion + micro-motion ✔ Human presence sensing up to 5m ✔ WiFi & BLE connectivity ✔ Perfect for smart homes, lighting, security & IoT systems ✔ Supports real-time sensing and wireless configuration

A really interesting module for AIoT and embedded projects where PIR sensors just aren’t enough anymore. 🚀

The module supports 24GHz FMCW radar sensing with Wi-Fi and BLE connectivity, and can detect human presence including micro-movements.

Available at Quartz Components

Meet the Lite Wing — an ESP32 Ready-to-Fly Drone platform designed for next-generation robotics, IoT, and autonomous flight projects 🚀

Built with Optical Flow and ToF sensor-based positioning, Lite Wing delivers stable and precise flight control for indoor navigation, drone development, and experimental autonomous systems. The compact modular design makes it perfect for developers, students, and makers exploring embedded systems and drone programming with ESP32.

Key Features: • ESP32-powered flight platform • Optical Flow + ToF positioning support • Stable indoor hovering • Lightweight compact design • Ideal for robotics, AI & IoT drone projects

Explore the Lite Wing platform and start building advanced drone applications with Quartz Components.