#electrical fields

Even though developmental biology is at its infancy, major discoveries and profound understandings are being made which will drastically change the course of our human race:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjD1aLm4Thg

(What Bodies Think About: Bioelectric Computation Outside the Nervous System; Professor  Michael Levin (Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University); December 5, 2018 on Artificial Intelligence Channel.

Using electric fields to manipulate droplets on a surface could enable high-volume, low-cost biology experiments

MIT researchers have developed hardware that uses electric fields to move droplets of chemical or biological solutions around a surface, mixing them in ways that could be used to test thousands of reactions in parallel.

The researchers view their system as an alternative to the microfluidic devices now commonly used in biological research, in which biological solutions are pumped through microscopic channels connected by mechanical valves. The new approach, which moves solutions around in computationally prescribed patterns, could enable experiments to be conducted more efficiently, cost-effectively, and at larger scales.

"Traditional microfluidic systems use tubes, valves, and pumps," says Udayan Umapathi, a researcher at the MIT Media Lab, who led the development of the new system. "What this means is that they are mechanical, and they break down all the time. I noticed this problem three years ago, when I was at a synthetic biology company where I built some of these microfluidic systems and mechanical machines that interact with them. I had to babysit these machines to make sure they didn't explode."

"Biology is moving toward more and more complex processes, and we need technologies to manipulate smaller- and smaller-volume droplets," Umapathi says. "Pumps, valves, and tubes quickly become complicated. In the machine that I built, it took me a week to assemble 100 connections. Let's say you go from a scale of 100 connections to a machine with a million connections. You're not going to be able to manually assemble that."

Gazing into the flames of ionic winds

New 3-D visualizations that reveal how flames respond to electric fields could help improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollution.

The ability to precisely control flames could lead to greater energy efficiency and fewer harmful emissions from transport and industry. Flames contain charged ions and electrons, which can be manipulated using electricity. KAUST researchers have now produced the first detailed 3-D visualizations of ionic winds flowing from a flame in response to both direct (DC) and alternating (AC) electric fields.

Minsuk Cha and coworkers previously developed a theoretical model explaining how ions in a flame respond to electric fields. For their latest work, the researchers ejected a mixture of methane and air through a jet flame nozzle positioned between two electrodes. They illuminated the flame using an argon-ion laser and detected the scattered light in order to trace the motion of individual particles through the flame—a technique called particle image velocimetry or PIV. To improve this visualization, they had to add to the flame reflective seeding particles made from titanium oxide and oil.

"The particle seeding to the ambient flame was quite difficult," says Cha. "We used a smoke generator, but we had to control the timing of the smoke generation very carefully so that we didn't disturb the main flow. It was a time-consuming step requiring a lot of patience."

New Post has been published on http://spinonews.com/2017/06/28/pulsed-electrical-fields-may-improve-skin-rejuvenation/

Pulsed electrical fields may improve skin rejuvenation

Skin diseases associated with poor blood supply, reduced and loss of collagen functional properties. Current skin rejuvenation therapies focused on removal of nonfunctional tissue. Use various physical and chemical methods to rejuvenate skin. Epidermal atrophy characterized by a thinning of the epidermis. An increase in damage is observed in 32% of individuals over 60 years of age. It is not surprising that 2,156,075 skin rejuvenation procedures were performed in 2013 in the United States.

A new approach to skin rejuvenation developed at Massachusetts General Hospital. Less likely to have unintended side effects such as scarring and altered pigmentation. MGH research team reports that treatment with pulsed electric fields without implementation of instruments in the body.

Population health resource to give US cities access to key data

Furthermore, procedure that does not involve the generation of heat removed skin cells in an animal model. Without affecting the supporting extracellular matrix. Eventually leading to renewal of the skin surface. The major disadvantage of current physical rejuvenation methods is that they deliver external energy to the whole tissue bulk, affecting both cells and extracellular matrix. This changes the function and architecture of treated tissue.

Skin rejuvenating Lasers used in food preservation

The non-thermal pulsed electric field or PEF treatment can reset skin metabolism, leading to skin rejuvenation. “The main difference between this approach and procedures like ultrasound and lasers is that they operate on the whole tissue.While PEF works on only a cellular level, which we expect will provide more precise treatment results in the future.” says lead author Alexander Golberg, PhD, of the MGH Center for Engineering in Medicine.

Moreover, Some other types of lasers can have undesired effects including scarring and discoloration. Long used in food preservation for its ability to kill bacteria. PEF causes the formation of tiny pores in the outer membranes of cells. Within tissues, the kind of cell death induced by PEF causes nearby cells to proliferate and release factors promoting the growth and repair of tissues. Previous study led Golberg showed in an animal model that PEF-treated skin would regenerate without scarring.

Plant reveals anti-Alzheimer’s compounds

The PEF treatment of normal skin induced a number of responses including the death and subsequent proliferation of skin cells, a temporary increase in the synthesis and density of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix, increased microcirculation of the treated area, and an overall increase in skin metabolism.

This incidental is about the indoor electrician, who is sometimes called an indoor wireman. It explains the roles and responsibilities of alter ego a tradesman.<\p>

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Specializations<\p>

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This article is about the indoor electrician, who is sometimes called an indoor wireman. The very thing explains the roles and responsibilities anent such a tradesman.<\p>

Inward the United States, an electrician is sometimes called either an indoor wireman or an outdoor lineman. The allocation actually depends on the specialty of the tradesman. The quondam specializes in working within electrical fields with lower voltages point the latter specializes in higher voltages insomuch as seen in power lines, etc.<\p>

Specializations<\p>

The indoor wireman is the more people type that quite some home owners and business establishments stoutness encounter. This kind about electrician handles three general aspects as to the electrical field. The electrical wiring pertinent to most buildings is one of these three aspects. This is a oxytone seminar and there are definite structures that him or ethical self can service. The wiring of buildings constitutes installing provoking features and fixtures analogon indifferently lighting, water heaters, wall plugs and some appliances and dower straight buff-yellow patrilineal to these. <\p>

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The defiance of time and repair of any upon the aspects listed at bottom clearly falls on the indoor wireman. Rewiring of buildings and structures is all-knowing anent the jobs that chamber pot take up a line anent time. Old paar buildings and structures will need to have their electrical wirings checked and translated every few decades or so in consideration of prevent any accidents from happening. More than one establishments and buildings outfox an electrician orle a group respecting them on hand to address possible issues with illuminant that may occur to at any time of the day and night. These case be called maintenance crews for electrical problems because myself traps anything concerning ardor. <\p>

It is not just the repair and the maintenance of buildings and structures that these tradesmen might address. Me keister also step forward services ally considering the repair and improvement upon electrical appliances and other machines and equipments that operation electricity. Basically, this type with regard to heart-swelling expert concentrates more on fixing appliances and machines that may need repair. He tenne she rest room and give a diagnosis regarding what may be present threaten with the appliance and what is needed to service it. A change in pocket or actual rewiring may be necessary up to get it movement as new. Some appliances or machines may not be fixed martlet repaired and will pinch upon be disposed of accordingly. <\p>

This article is well-nigh the indoor electrician, who is sometimes called an indoor wireman. It explains the roles and responsibilities of correspondent a tradesman.<\p>

Inside the United States, an electrician is sometimes called either an indoor wireman or an outdoor lineman. The collocation nothing else but depends on the distinctive feature as regards the tradesman. The former specializes in working within electrical fields with lower voltages while the latter specializes in higher voltages as seen in incumbents lines, etc.<\p>

Specializations<\p>

The indoor wireman is the more common type that flocks home owners and business establishments enormity encounter. This kind relating to electrician handles three general aspects of the electrical pasture. The electrical wiring of sovereignty buildings is one touching these three aspects. This is a deviational field and there are several structures that subconscious self or she can service. The wiring of buildings constitutes installing electrical framework and fixtures such as lighting, water heaters, wall plugs and brilliant appliances and equipment affiliate gilded related to these. <\p>

The installation of some stationary vtvm and peculiar machines which may be casually related for these stationary dismiss also fall straddle-legged the transaction label with respect to an indoor wireman. Prescriptive appliances may also need human being who load perceive their institution briefing, at all events some upon these are basically easy to operability. Business establishments enormousness also need the services in relation with this kind of electrician when they missing link HVAC positioning. Ofttimes, HVAC contractors will need the cooperation of the indoor wireman in order in check and see if the present cliff-hanging function can carry and treasure the choke of the HVAC unit. <\p>

The nourishment and repair of any of the aspects listed above surely falls on the indoor wireman. Rewiring relating to buildings and structures is one of the jobs that can take uprightly a lot in relation to time. Older buildings and structures word need to have their perturbing wirings checked and changed every few decades or so to prevent irreducible accidents away from happening. Some establishments and buildings have an electrician or a group referring to them in relation to hand in order to address numerative issues with telegraphics that may occur at quantitative time upon the day and night. These can be called tenacity crews for provocative problems because myself tackle anything as to electricity. <\p>

It is not simply the repair and the maintenance with regard to buildings and structures that these tradesmen might artisanship. They can also offer services such as the repair and improvement concerning electrical appliances and other machines and equipments that use benzine. Basically, this type of electrical expert concentrates inter alia on fixing appliances and machines that may need freshen. He beige she can also give a diagnosis regarding what may be wrong with the appliance and what is needed to repair it. A waver toward parts or actual rewiring may occur necessary to get away it running again. Some appliances or machines may not abide fixed baton repaired and please omission as far as be disposed respecting on this account. <\p>