#einsteinring

An interesting galaxy has been circled in this NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image. The galaxy — one of a group of galaxies called Luminous Red Galaxies — has an unusually large mass, containing about ten times the mass of the Milky Way. However, it’s actually the blue horseshoe shape that circumscribes the red galaxy that is the real prize in this image. This blue horseshoe is a distant galaxy that has been magnified and warped into a nearly complete ring by the strong gravitational pull of the massive foreground Luminous Red Galaxy. To see such a so-called Einstein Ring required the fortunate alignment of the foreground and background galaxies, making this object’s nickname “the Cosmic Horseshoe” particularly apt. The Cosmic Horseshoe is one of the best examples of an Einstein Ring. It also gives us a tantalising view of the early Universe: the blue galaxy’s redshift — a measure of how the wavelength of its light has been stretched by the expansion of the cosmos — is approximately 2.4. This means we see it as it was about 3 billion years after the Big Bang. The Universe is now 13.7 billion years old.

Source: sciencealert.com

Astronomers have identified a baffling new object in the Milky Way that appears to defy conventional cosmic patterns, a nearly perfect spherical bubble, now named sphere Teleios. Detected through radio waves by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), this mysterious object is believed to be the remnant of an ancient supernova. While supernova remnants are not uncommon, what sets Teleios apart is its flawless symmetry and puzzling emission properties.

Led by astrophysicist Miroslav Filipović of Western Sydney University, an international team of researchers has dubbed the sphere Teleios, a Greek word meaning “perfection.” Initial analysis suggests it likely originated from a Type Ia supernova, an explosion caused when a white dwarf in a binary system consumes too much matter from its companion and detonates. Despite these clues, scientists remain perplexed by several inconsistencies, particularly the object’s lack of X-ray emissions, which are typically present in such remnants.

A Puzzle of Distance and Size

Determining the exact distance to sphere Teleios has proven particularly challenging. Researchers have narrowed it down to two possibilities: approximately 7,175 light-years or a much farther 25,114 light-years away. This ambiguity significantly impacts how astronomers interpret the object’s size and age. If closer, the remnant would span about 46 light-years and be relatively young, less than 1,000 years old. If more distant, it could measure up to 157 light-years across and be over 10,000 years old.

Further complicating the analysis, no X-rays have been detected from the object, casting doubt on the Type Ia classification. This lack of radiation contradicts existing models for the lifecycle of such supernovae. An alternate theory proposes that Teleios could be the result of a rarer Type Iax supernova, which partially preserves the white dwarf, leaving behind a so-called “zombie” star. For this explanation to hold, however, the object would need to be even closer, around 3,262 light-years, something unsupported by current measurements.

A Rare Sight of Symmetry in Space

Beyond its ambiguous origin, the most striking feature of sphere Teleios is its geometric perfection. Supernova remnants are almost always irregular, shaped by the uneven explosion or the interstellar environment around them. Material from the blast often interacts with gas and dust in space, warping the remnant’s shape as it expands. In contrast, Teleios has maintained a near-perfect spherical form, suggesting it may have exploded in a very empty region of space with minimal interference.

While such symmetry isn’t impossible, it’s exceptionally rare, making Teleios an exciting subject for ongoing observation. The research team stresses that more detailed and sensitive data are required to unravel the object’s true nature. “All possible scenarios have their challenges,” the authors noted, “especially considering the lack of X-ray emission that is expected.”

Until more precise measurements and observations can be conducted, sphere Teleios remains a fascinating cosmic mystery, a perfectly shaped riddle waiting to be solved in the vast expanse of the Milky Way.

Einstein’s onmogelijke hoop is uitgekomen: de massa van een ster bepalen door z’n zwaartekracht

CREDIT: NASA, ESA, AND A. FEILD (STSCI)

Sterrenkundigen zijn er met behulp van de ESA/NASA Hubble ruimtetelescoop in geslaagd om datgene te doen wat Albert Einstein in 1936 beschreef als een hoop, die volgens hem nooit uit zou komen. In een artikel in het tijdschrift Science zei hij dat als licht van een ver verwijderde ster langs een object zou vliegen dat dichterbij staat dat dan de…

Sterrenkundigen van het Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) in Spanje hebben met behulp van de Dark Energy Camera (DEC) een nieuwe ‘Einstein Ring’ ontdekt, een bijzondere vorm van een zwaartekrachtslens. Albert Einstein voorspelde het bestaan van zwaartekrachtslenzen in 1936 op grond van zijn Algemene Relativiteitstheorie, waarbij licht van ver verwijderde sterrenstelsels afbuigt doordat de ruimte rondom tussenliggende (clusters van) sterrenstelsels door hun massa gekromd is. Meestal is de zwaartekrachtslens zichtbaar als één of een paar lichtboogjes rondom het ‘lensstelsel of -cluster’, maar soms is het een (bijna gesloten) cirkel. Zoals nu in het geval van de Canarias Einstein Ring, zoals ‘ie wordt genoemd, de groen-blauwe ring op de foto hierboven. De foto is gemaakt met de DECam camera verbonden aan de Blanco 4m telescoop van het Cerro Tololo Observatorium in Chili. Met DEC maakt men opnames van sterrenstelsels, die uiteindelijk meer informatie moeten opleveren over de versnelde uitdijing van het heelal, een versnelling waarvoor de mysterieuze donkere energie verantwoordelijk wordt geacht. Bron: Universe Today.

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