Transmission electron microscope (TEM):
The transmission electron microscope emits a beam of electrons directed towards the object whose image is to be magnified. A part of the electrons bounce off the sample, forming a magnified image of it.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM):
(Diagram illustrating the phenomena resulting from the interaction of highly energetic electrons with matter)Â
In the scanning electron microscope (SEM) the sample is covered with a layer of thin metal, and it is scanned with electrons sent from a cannon. A detector measures the amount of electrons sent by the intensity of the sample area, being able to show figures in three dimensions, projected on a TV image.
(Yeast Cell Membranes as seen in a
Fluorescent Microscope)
These techniques use these different fluorophores for analysis of cell structure at a molecular level in both live and fixed samples.
X-ray microscopes are instruments that use electromagnetic radiation usually in the soft X-ray band to image objects.Â
Super Resolution Microscopes:
Much current research (in the early 21st century) on optical microscope techniques is focused on development of superresolution analysis of fluorescently labelled samples. Structured illumination can improve resolution by around two to four times and techniques like stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy are approaching the resolution of electron microscopes.
Credit; News Medical Life Sciences