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Harmful Effects of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles, A Common Food and Supplement Excipient, on Gut Microbiota, Immunity, Inflammation, and Digestion

Silica Nanoparticles (625 nm), Dried on a Glass Slide.

Nanoparticles are particles existing between 1–100 nm in diameter. If a particle is the Earth, a nanoparticle is a tennis ball (nano: one-billionth).

Silicon dioxide (Si + O2 = SiO2) is a nanoparticle used in the food and supplement industries as an anticaking agent. It, along with other nanomaterials like titanium dioxide, is present in…