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Often, individuals commonly confuse food intolerance with food allergies. While food intolerance is widespread and doesn't involve the immune system, a food allergy can lead to more severe symptoms, occasionally resulting in a life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis. This article aims to improve understanding of food allergies and offer guidance on prevention for individuals and their families.

What Are Food Allergies?

Food allergies happen when the body overreacts to proteins in certain foods. This reaction can occur with many different foods or different proteins in the same food. The immune system sees the food protein as an invader and releases antibodies called histamines to fight it. Treatment usually involves avoiding the problem foods. In severe cases, medications may be needed.

What Are The Types Of Food Allergies?

Food allergies involve different reactions to foods, but they usually fall into two main types: IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated.

IgE-Mediated Food Allergies

This type of food allergy is the most common, occurring when the immune system generates IgE antibodies in response to a particular food. Symptoms, varying from mild to severe, usually emerge within hours of consuming the food and can even lead to anaphylaxis. This allergy is particularly prevalent among infants and children.

Non-IgE-Mediated Food Allergies

In this type of food allergy, the immune system doesn't produce IgE antibodies. Instead, other parts of the immune system respond to the perceived threat. Symptoms may take time to appear, which can make identification challenging. Common symptoms include skin or digestive problems, diarrhoea and vomiting. Examples include food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, eosinophilic esophagitis and allergic proctocolitis.

What Are The Causes Of Food Allergy?

In food allergies, the immune system, responsible for safeguarding the body, identifies certain foods as potential threats. Consequently, it induces the release of an antibody known as immunoglobulin E to counteract the food allergen. Upon subsequent exposure to the same food, these antibodies can detect it and signal the immune system to release histamine into the bloodstream. Histamine serves to combat the perceived threat and prevent the spread of infection, but it also leads to allergic reactions.

Food allergies are usually triggered by specific proteins found in food

Milk

Fish

Eggs

Almonds, walnuts, pine nuts

Tree nuts

Shellfish

Soy

Wheat

Additional causes of food allergies include:

Family history: Individuals with a family history of food allergies are at an increased risk of developing them.

Existing allergies: Those with allergies to one food may be predisposed to developing allergies to others. Moreover, individuals with conditions such as eczema, asthma or hay fever are at an increased risk of having food allergies.

What Are The Indications Of Food Allergies?

Allergic reactions vary from mild to severe, often showing up within hours of eating. Usual symptoms of a food allergy include:

Itching or swelling in the mouth, face, and lips

Tingling or itching skin

Hoarse voice

Breathing difficulties, especially in children

Coughing

Hives around the mouth and face

Diarrhoea or vomiting, particularly in infants

In severe cases, anaphylaxis can occur. Anaphylaxis is a critical allergic reaction characterized by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling (angioedema) and low blood pressure. Approximately 10% of people with food allergies experience anaphylaxis, which requires immediate medical attention and can sometimes be fatal.

How Is A Food Allergy Diagnosed?

To diagnose a food allergy, the doctor may inquire about the following:

The timeframe for symptom development

Specific food items that trigger symptoms

Nature and duration of symptoms experienced

If a food allergy is suspected, the doctor may conduct a skin test, which involves:

Applying small amounts of various allergens to the skin

Creating minor scratches or pricks through the allergens

Assessing reactions to different allergens

Additionally, a Radioallergosorbent blood test (RAST) may be performed. This test measures antibody levels to various allergens in the body, with higher levels indicating potential allergies.

What Measures Can Be Taken To Prevent Food Allergies?

Usually, there isn't a certain way to prevent food allergies. If someone believes they have one, they should consult a doctor. A doctor can assess if certain foods are causing their symptoms and recommend the best plan of action. Oral immunotherapy might be an option later on. It's crucial to identify and avoid foods that trigger allergies. Managing symptoms promptly when they occur can also help in both preventing and reducing the impact of food allergies.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. What is food allergy testing?

A. Food allergy testing identifies specific foods that could trigger allergic reactions in individuals. Methods include blood tests, skin prick tests or oral food challenges, aiming to detect immune system responses to certain foods. Avoiding trigger foods can help manage allergies and prevent adverse reactions.

Q. 1. What is a food intolerance test?

A. A food intolerance test is a method to identify specific foods that may cause adverse reactions in individuals who are intolerant to certain components found in those foods.

Q. 2. What are common symptoms of a food allergy?

Monsoon season brings an increased risk of infections due to high moisture levels in the air, creating an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes, bacteria, and viruses.

The prevalence of stagnant water and high humidity create favorable conditions for mosquitoes, which are carriers of numerous diseases. As a result, infections and mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, typhoid, dengue, and chikungunya become more common. At the start of an infection or during the incubation phase, the person may feel lethargic or have a fever. It is at this point that it is recommended to visit a doctor and get tested to determine the exact cause.

Some of these infections may lead to serious complications if untreated; with expert doctor intervention and tests.

The comprehensive Fever Panel Test from Dr Lal PathLabs covers all relevant tests and hence plays a crucial role in diagnosing the exact cause of an infection, enabling timely and appropriate treatment.

The specific tests included in a fever panel may vary based on the patient's symptoms/as suggested by the physician.

The DLPL (Dr Lal Pathology Lab) fever profile test is a comprehensive diagnostic tool designed to identify the root causes of fever, one of the most common symptoms of a wide range of medical conditions. This profile includes a series of tests that examine various bodily fluids and functions to provide a detailed overview of the potential infectious or inflammatory processes at work.

What is Included in the DLPL Fever Profile Test?

The specific tests included in a fever panel may vary based on the patient's symptoms or as suggested by the physician. Typically, it encompasses:

Complete Blood Count (CBC): This test measures different components of the blood, including red and white blood cells and platelets. It helps detect infections, inflammation, and other hematological conditions.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): ESR measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube. A faster-than-normal rate may indicate inflammation in the body.

C-Reactive Protein (CRP): CRP levels rise in response to inflammation. High levels can suggest an acute inflammatory process or infection.

Liver Function Tests (LFTs): These tests assess the health of the liver by measuring levels of enzymes, proteins, and substances produced or cleared by the liver.

Renal Function Tests (RFTs): These tests evaluate kidney performance by measuring levels of waste products like urea and creatinine in the blood.

Blood Cultures: To detect the presence of bacteria or fungi in the blood, indicating a bloodstream infection.

Urinalysis: This test checks for signs of infection, kidney disease, and other medical conditions by examining the appearance, concentration, and content of urine.

When Should You Consider the DLPL Fever Profile Test?

At the start of an infection or during the incubation phase, a person may feel lethargic or have a fever. It is recommended to visit a doctor and get tested at this point to determine the exact cause. Persistent or unexplained fever warrants a detailed investigation to rule out serious underlying conditions.

Benefits of the DLPL Fever Profile Test

Comprehensive Diagnosis: The test covers a wide range of potential causes of fever, providing a holistic view of the patient's health.

Early Detection: Identifies infections and inflammations early, allowing for prompt treatment.

Guided Treatment: Helps physicians tailor treatments based on specific findings, improving patient outcomes.

Conclusion

Hypothyroidism, a prevalent endocrine condition, occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce adequate thyroid hormones. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism and energy production within the body. To manage hypothyroidism, a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications, is often necessary. In this blog, the focus will be on exploring the concept of a hypothyroidism diet. It will cover what foods to eat and what foods to avoid with hypothyroidism, supporting thyroid health and overall well-being. Before delving into the specifics of diet for an underactive thyroid, it is crucial to understand the concept of hypothyroidism.

What Is Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism, also known as underactive thyroid, occurs when an individual's thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormones to fulfil the body's requirements. The thyroid, a small gland shaped as a butterfly located in the front of the neck, produces hormones responsible for regulating energy usage in the body. These hormones influence numerous bodily functions, including breathing, heart rate, weight management, digestion and mood regulation. Insufficient levels of thyroid hormones result in a slowdown of various bodily processes. However, there are available treatments to address this condition.

What Causes Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is caused by various factors. These include:

Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid. This is the most common cause.

Thyroiditis, which is inflammation of the thyroid gland.

Congenital hypothyroidism, a condition present at birth.

Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland.

Radiation treatment targeting the thyroid.

Certain medications.

In rare cases, pituitary disease or an imbalance of iodine intake in the diet can also lead to hypothyroidism.

What Are the Symptoms of Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism presents numerous symptoms, which may vary among individuals. Some common underactive thyroid symptoms include:

Fatigue.

Weight gain.

Difficulty tolerating cold.

Joint and muscle pain.

Dry skin or thinning hair.

Heavy or irregular menstrual periods or fertility issues.

Slowed heart rate.

Depression.

How Is Hypothyroidism Diagnosed?

To test for hypothyroidism, the doctor will gather the patient's medical history and conduct a physical examination. To confirm the diagnosis and identify its underlying cause, hypothyroidism tests, including thyroid blood tests such as TSH, T3, T4 and thyroid antibody tests, along with imaging tests like thyroid ultrasound or radioactive iodine uptake test, may need to be conducted.

What Diet Is Suitable For Hypothyroidism?

Normally, there is not a specific diet for hypothyroid to help with hypothyroidism. A well balanced diet is crucial in helping thyroid health among individuals with hypothyroidism. Including nutrients like iodine, selenium, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids can enhance thyroid function and overall well-being. Avoiding goitrogenic foods, limiting soy and gluten and moderating caffeine and alcohol intake can also help in managing hypothyroidism. Collaborating with medical experts such as registered dietitians or nutritionists is essential to create a personalized hypothyroidism diet plan tailored to individual needs and health goals.

What Foods to Eat In Case Of Hypothyroidism?

Iodine Rich Foods: Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormones. Consuming iodine-rich foods like iodized salt, seaweed, fish and dairy products supports thyroid function. However, excessive intake should be avoided as it may worsen certain thyroid conditions.

Selenium Rich Foods: Selenium helps thyroid hormone metabolism. Foods like Brazil nuts, sardines, tuna and eggs are rich sources of selenium.

Zinc Rich Foods: Zinc is vital for thyroid hormone synthesis. Consuming zinc-rich foods such as oysters, beef, pumpkin seeds and lentils can prove advantageous.

Protein Rich Foods: Adequate protein intake is essential for thyroid hormone production and overall health. Excellent sources include lean meats, poultry, fish, legumes and tofu.

Fruits and Vegetables: Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables provides essential vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that support overall health, including thyroid function.

What Foods to Avoid In Case Of Hypothyroidism?

Goitrogens: Certain foods contain compounds known as goitrogens, which may disrupt thyroid hormone production. Examples include cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and Brussels sprouts. Even though cooking these vegetables may decrease their goitrogenic effects, individuals with hypothyroidism should still consume them in moderation.

Soy Products: Soy contains substances that can hinder thyroid function. People with hypothyroidism should restrict their consumption of soy-based foods like tofu and soymilk.

Gluten: Some individuals with hypothyroidism may be sensitive to gluten found in wheat, barley and rye. Going gluten-free may benefit certain individuals, although establishing a direct correlation between gluten and thyroid function requires more investigation.

Excessive Caffeine and Alcohol: Both caffeine and alcohol can interfere with thyroid hormone absorption and metabolism. Limiting intake may be helpful for individuals with hypothyroidism.

How to Manage Hypothyroidism?

Managing hypothyroidism requires lifestyle adjustments. This includes medication adherence, maintaining a healthy weight with balanced nutrition and exercise, stress management, adequate sleep and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol. These changes are vital for overall health and complement medical treatments.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. How crucial is a hypothyroidism diet and exercise regimen for managing the condition?

A. Proper nutrition and regular physical activity help in supporting thyroid function, easing symptoms and enhancing overall well-being in individuals with hypothyroidism.

Q. How does diet affect hypothyroidism?

A. The relationship between maintaining a well-balanced diet and hypothyroidism is closely inter connected, as dietary decisions can affect symptoms and overall well-being in individuals with this condition.