The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of malaria and status of Plasmodium species in the residents of Dir Lower, Pakistan. A total of 2395 blood samples were collected from seven Tehsils of District Dir Lower during March to September 2017. The samples were examined to determine the type of Plasmodium species with the help of blood smears under microscope. Out of 2395 samples, 292 were found positive for Plasmodium spp. Higher frequency of malaria was found in people aged 1-10 years (14.3%) while lowest frequency was found in people aged 61 years and above (7.3%). The maximum number of cases of malaria were detected in August 2017 (17.46%) and minimum number in March 2017 (9.93%). Highest rate of malaria was found in tehsil Timergara (16%) and lowest rate found in tehsil Samarbagh (7.7%). Malaria prevalence was higher in males (56.8%) compared with females (43.2%). Only two species of Plasmodium i.e. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum were detected in the study cohort. Out of the 292 positive samples, Plasmodium vivax was detected in 92.8% of the study cohort while Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 7.2% of the studied samples. Malaria was more prevalent in males with high frequency in the month of August. Plasmodium vivax was the most abundant species followed by Plasmodium falciparum.

Solid waste management (SWM) is the main issue in the Pakistan because before the disposal the solid waste (SW) is not segregate properly. The study has been conducted to show the (SWM) in the study area Dir Lower. Mostly (SW) is produce in the cities and also lack of proper management system such handling, storage, transportation and disposal. District Dir lower lies in mountainous region in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Currently there is no proper landfill area for (SW) disposal. Respectively the (SW) were thrown in stream and bank of the river which consider the best landfill site for the (SW). The study was also conducted in Dir Lower to investigate the present status, quantity, sources, generation rate, collection and disposal of household solid waste (HSW). For this purpose, a total 300 questionnaires were randomly distributed in the cities area of Dir Lower such as Timergara, Chakdara, Samar Bagh, Khall, Munda and Kombar. The (SW) collection authority Tehsil Municipal Administration (TMA) also reported that we have no proper mechanism and technologies for (HSW) management. Currently the (HSW) is dumping in open dump sites and causes many environmental problems and health risks in the study area. Therefore, it is important for the government to play its role by providing capital, proper technology, etc. and to collect the (HSW) at daily basis, for sustainable (SWM) to reduce the burden of over activities on environment and health risk.