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Dua and Reflection
O Allah, bestow upon us a good life with every adhan. — General dua. And remind, for reminders benefit the believers. May this short reminder bring calm, gratitude, and a renewed intention for the day. For prayer times and qibla direction, use this link: https://prayer-times.app2mob.com/en/ivory-coast/daloa
A simple page for checking prayer times and qibla direction when needed.
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دعاء وتأمل إيماني
اللهم هب لنا حياةً طيبة عند كل أذان — دعاء عام. وذكّر فإن الذكرى تنفع المؤمنين. اجعل هذا التذكير محطة قصيرة للسكينة، والاستغفار، وحسن الظن بالله.
The Haut-Sassandra region located in the Central-West of the Côte d’Ivoire provides a significant part of the national production of food and export products. The local population responsible for this production generally heals with medicinal plants for various reasons. It seemed important to know the medicinal plants used by this population in the treatment of malaria and typhoid fever, two pathologies frequently encountered in this region. It is in this context that an ethnopharmacological study was carried out in the city of Daloa, capital of this region, with 240 people who are traditional healers and herbalists. The results showed that the majority of women are (55.42%) with a dominance of the age groups between 41 and 60 years (54.59%). The vast majority of traditional healers and herbalists have no education (51.25%) and 58.75% of these people are married. The medicinal plants used in Haut-Sassandra; the leaves are the most used organs (51%). Decoction is the most used method (74.47%) and drink (50%) dominates the other administration routes. Thirty-six species (36) of medicinal plants have been identified belonging to 23 families. In addition, 58% of these medicinal plants are used only in the treatment of malaria. The main medicinal plants identified for the treatment of these two pathologies have anti-plasmodial and anti-typhoid properties proven in the literature. The medicinal plants identified will help guide further research on natural substances for the implementation of improved traditional medicines.
The aim of this ethnobotanical study is to invent and analyze the medicinal plants sold in the public markets of the city of Daloa, highlighting local traditional knowledge and current public health issues. Data were collected through surveys of vendors and users in six main markets. The combined use of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and direct observation enabled us to collect precise information on the plant species used. A total of 47 medicinal species were identified. The majority of these come from the surrounding rural areas, as well as from central and northern Côte d’Ivoire. Four plant parts are sold: bark (38%), leaves (30%), roots (22%) and stems (10%). The results of the ANOVA test show a highly significant difference between the parts used (F = 23.7; p < 0.0001). Four main preparation methods were observed: decoction (58.2%), followed by maceration (26.3%), grinding (14.6%) and infusion (5.6%). The results revealed a significant difference between preparation methods F (3.17) ≈ 76.2; p < 0.0001). The preparation method is used at a significantly different frequency from the others in our sample. Decoction largely dominates, followed by maceration, then infusion, and finally grinding is very marginal. In all, 12 main pathologies were identified as being treated by the plants sold. Malaria is the most frequently cited pathology, testifying to its importance in traditional medicine in the region.
The aim of this ethnobotanical study is to invent and analyze the medicinal plants sold in the public markets of the city of Daloa, highlighting local traditional knowledge and current public health issues. Data were collected through surveys of vendors and users in six main markets. The combined use of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and direct observation enabled us to collect precise information on the plant species used. A total of 47 medicinal species were identified. The majority of these come from the surrounding rural areas, as well as from central and northern Côte d’Ivoire. Four plant parts are sold: bark (38%), leaves (30%), roots (22%) and stems (10%). The results of the ANOVA test show a highly significant difference between the parts used (F = 23.7; p < 0.0001). Four main preparation methods were observed: decoction (58.2%), followed by maceration (26.3%), grinding (14.6%) and infusion (5.6%). The results revealed a significant difference between preparation methods F (3.17) ≈ 76.2; p < 0.0001). The preparation method is used at a significantly different frequency from the others in our sample. Decoction largely dominates, followed by maceration, then infusion, and finally grinding is very marginal. In all, 12 main pathologies were identified as being treated by the plants sold. Malaria is the most frequently cited pathology, testifying to its importance in traditional medicine in the region.
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Biocontrol of Oil Palm Pests Using Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana
Abstract
Coelaenomenodera lameensis is the main pest of oil palm in West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. This species is a leaf miner which, by proliferating, causes enormous damage to oil palm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Met 358 and Met 359) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb 11) on C. lameensis adults. Trials were carried out under controlled infestation on an oil palm plot at the University Jean Lorougnon Guédé in Daloa. Male and female adults were captured and introduced into a muslin-covered cage containing leaflets. Each sex was divided into four batches: a 1st batch treated with Met 358, a 2nd batch treated with Met 359, a 3rd batch treated with Bb 11 and a 4th batch of controls. These adults were sprayed, 48 hours later, at the following concentrations 102; 104; 106; 108; 1010 and 1012 spores/ml for each fungal isolate (Met 358, Met 359 and Bb 11). Three replicates were carried out per treatment for each batch containing 40 adult males and 40 adult females. Concentrations of 1010 and 1012 spores/ml induced mortality rates of up to 100% in less than 7 days with the various fungi. These biopesticides could be an alternative to the abusive use of synthetic insecticides to reduce the damage caused by the pest C. lameensis.
Introduction
Oil palm, grown for its oleaginous fruit in some twenty countries around the world, is the leading source of vegetable oil, accounting for 39% of vegetable oil production and 66% of marketed oils (Rival, 2020). In 2016, the oil palm sector recorded 65 million tons worldwide, 85% of which was supplied by Malaysia and Indonesia (Rival, 2020). In Côte d’Ivoire, the palm oil sector ranks 4th in the economy. It employs over a million people in the southern part of the forest zone and generates over 400 billion CFA francs in sales (D'Avignon, 2013), with production of 450,000 tons of crude palm oil a year (Cucumel, 2020). Côte d’Ivoire is the 2nd largest producer and 1st largest exporter in Africa. It also ranks 5th worldwide (Cucumel, 2020).
Unfortunately, this crop, at all stages of development, is exposed to numerous phytosanitary problems. These include attacks by several pests, the most important of which is Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti et Mariau, 1999 (Anougba, 2022). During severe outbreaks, this insect causes extremely serious damage, leading to a drop in production of up to 30- 50% over a period of 2-3 years (Mariau, 2001; Coffi et al., 2012; Tano et al., 2013). Controlling this pest is therefore a necessity.
There are many methods of combating this insect: chemical and biological. Unfortunately, these methods have not yet succeeded in completely eliminating this pest (Kouassi et al., 2020). The massive use of synthetic insecticides creates numerous problems: environmental pollution and consequent human poisoning, the elimination of beneficial insects, the destruction of wildlife and the contamination of groundwater and rivers (HénaultEthier, 2015).
It would therefore be interesting to focus on other equally effective control methods that cause fewer ecotoxicological problems, including biological control of insect pests, which is a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to chemicals worldwide (Lacey et al., 2015). This control involves the use of entomopathogenic fungi to control insect pest populations. They are responsible for infections in many insect species (Aby et al., 2022). Among these entomopathogenic fungi, particularly those belonging to the Metarhizium and Beauveria genera show great promise against insect pests (Mnyone et al., 2009; Lwetoijera et al., 2010; Mnyone et al., 2012).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Met 358 and Met 359) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb 11) on C. lameensis adults.
Source : Biocontrol of Oil Palm Pests Using Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana | InformativeBD
Coelaenomenodera lameensis is the main pest of oil palm in West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. This species is a leaf miner which, by proliferating, causes enormous damage to oil palm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Met 358 and Met 359) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb 11) on C. lameensis adults. Trials were carried out under controlled infestation on an oil palm plot at the University Jean Lorougnon Guédé in Daloa. Male and female adults were captured and introduced into a muslin-covered cage containing leaflets. Each sex was divided into four batches: a 1st batch treated with Met 358, a 2nd batch treated with Met 359, a 3rd batch treated with Bb 11 and a 4th batch of controls. These adults were sprayed, 48 hours later, at the following concentrations 102; 104; 106; 108; 1010 and 1012 spores/ml for each fungal isolate (Met 358, Met 359 and Bb 11). Three replicates were carried out per treatment for each batch containing 40 adult males and 40 adult females. Concentrations of 1010 and 1012 spores/ml induced mortality rates of up to 100% in less than 7 days with the various fungi. These biopesticides could be an alternative to the abusive use of synthetic insecticides to reduce the damage caused by the pest C. lameensis.
Coelaenomenodera lameensis is the main pest of oil palm in West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. This species is a leaf miner which, by proliferating, causes enormous damage to oil palm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Met 358 and Met 359) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb 11) on C. lameensis adults. Trials were carried out under controlled infestation on an oil palm plot at the University Jean Lorougnon Guédé in Daloa. Male and female adults were captured and introduced into a muslin-covered cage containing leaflets. Each sex was divided into four batches: a 1st batch treated with Met 358, a 2nd batch treated with Met 359, a 3rd batch treated with Bb 11 and a 4th batch of controls. These adults were sprayed, 48 hours later, at the following concentrations 102; 104; 106; 108; 1010 and 1012 spores/ml for each fungal isolate (Met 358, Met 359 and Bb 11). Three replicates were carried out per treatment for each batch containing 40 adult males and 40 adult females. Concentrations of 1010 and 1012 spores/ml induced mortality rates of up to 100% in less than 7 days with the various fungi. These biopesticides could be an alternative to the abusive use of synthetic insecticides to reduce the damage caused by the pest C. lameensis.
