#daedalum

August 20, 2023

The History of Stop Motion: The Daedalum and The Zoetrope

The Daedalum, a reference to the Greek myth of Daedalus, was created a year after the Phenakistoscope in 1833 by British Mathematician William Horner, after studying its mathematical principles. The phases of movement are seen in the form of an infinite loop through the slits in between the changing images. You see one image then no image then a slightly different second image, giving the impression of movement.

The Daedalum later became the Zoetrope, which was invented by William Lincoln and Milton Bradley in 1865. The Zoetrope was almost identical to the design of the Daedalum, however the slits were placed on the level above the pictures rather than between them, which allowed easily replaceable strips of images. When evaluating the new version of the Daedalum, the Zoetrope, I discovered that this same model was then improved 3 years later by James Maxwell which used concave lenses instead of slits, resulting in the image appearing in the middle must sharper and steadier than the original Zoetrope.

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The zoetrope was invented in 1834 by William Horner and was originally called a Daedalum, or "Wheel of the Devil." However, zoetrope is derived from the Greek words zoe ("life") and tropos ("turn"), which apparently can be taken as "Wheel of Life."

The zoetrope was an advancement in the beginning of motion picture technology. It showed that the continuous flashing of still images can translate into movement of an object. After all, film is just that--many single images displayed consecutively and at a high speed with the result of apparent motion. The zoetrope is also a very early rendition of the modern day GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) file.