#cropfarming

Cropfarming has been the spine of human civilization for centuries. As we pass into2025, the worldwide call for for meals maintains to rise,

Commercial or large scale rubber farming is a very old and popular business in many countries around the world. People are using rubber from the ancient time and it's production is profitable.Rubber is actually an elastic solid material which is retrieved from latex of many tropical trees. It is used for many purposes which may include erasers to tires, tubes and industrial products.Rubber is also known by many different names, such as natural rubber, India rubber, latex, caucho, caoutchouc, Amazonian rubber etc. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and India are the leading rubber producers.'Hevea brasiliensis' is the most important and commercially cultivated rubber plant. These plants basically grows up to 30 meter height and begins yielding latex at 6 to 7 years age.More than 28 million tons of rubber were produced in the year of 2017. And among the production, 47% was natural.The price of natural rubber is determined, to large extent, by the prevailing global price of crude oil (since the bulk is synthetic, which is derived from petroleum).Asia was the main source of natural rubber, accounting for about 94 percent of output in the year of 2005. And top 3 largest rubber producers are Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia (together account for around 72 percent of all natural rubber production).Natural rubber is not cultivated widely in it's native continent of South America because of the South American leaf blight, and other natural predators available there.Uses of RubberRubber is used for many different purposes. Uncured rubber is used for cements, insulating, for adhesive and friction tapes. And for crepe, rubber is used in insulating blankets and footwear.While the vulcanized rubber has many more applications. Resistance toabrasion makes softer kinds of rubber valuable for the trends of rubber valuable for the treads of vehicle tires and conveyor belts.Around 25 million tonnes of rubber are produced each year globally, of which only 30 percent is natural. The remainder is synthetic rubber derived from petrochemical sources.The top end of latex production results in latex products such as surgeon's gloves, balloons and relatively high-value products.Advantages of Rubber Farming BusinessLike many other agri business, commercial rubber farming also has numerous advantages or benefits. Here we are trying to describe the top benefits of commercial rubber farming business.- Commercial rubber farming is relatively a simple and easy business.- Beginners can also start this business easily. It is just like starting other crop farming business.- Commercial production of rubber is very easy, and profitable at the same time. So, it can be a great business for making money.- Beginners can start this business with proper training and support.- Commercial rubber farming is very profitable and it can be a great employment source for the people (especially for the educated but unemployed people).- Both demand and value of rubber and all related products are high.- Many people are already doing rubber farming business commercially for making profits.- You don't have to worry much about starting this business if you are a beginner. Because many people are already doing this business.- Marketing rubber products is relatively easy. Because rubber and all the related products have very good demand and value in the market.- Production costs are relatively high, but the profits are also high and you will get back your invested money soon.How to Start Rubber FarmingStarting commercial rubber farming business is relatively easy if you follow every steps carefully. You can start this business easily with little practical knowledge.We recommend starting commercial rubber production after having full training. Here we are trying to describe more information about commercial rubber farming business from planting, caring to harvesting and marketing.Site SelectionRubber plants grow well in highly deep weathered soils which consist of laterite and lateritic soils. But the plants grow best in well drained porous soils with moderate acidic in nature.If there is a good organic matter in the soil, then the rubber plants also thrives in red alluvial soils. pH between 5.0 and 6.0 is best for rubber cultivation.Prepare the SoilRemove weeds and make the land clear before planting. Then make pits with dimensions of 120 cm x 45 cm x 60 cm. You will be able to make 200 to 250 pits per hectare land. Add 10 kg organic matter and 150 grams of rock phosphate per pit.Climate Requirement For Rubber FarmingCommercial rubber production requires heavy and well distributed rainfall of 200 cm to 300 cm, having humidity about 75 percent.Ideal temperate for proper growth of rubber plants is between 20°C and 35°C. The plants require 5-6 hours of sunlight. Freezing temperatures will halt the growth of rubber plants and strong winds are not suitable for commercial rubber farming.PropagationPropagation in rubber farming is generally done through green budding, crown budding and brown budding.Purchase PlantsRubber plants are easily available in the nurseries. You can collect plants for planting from any of your nearest nurseries.PlantingPlant the small plants in the main field where you have made the pits ready earlier. June to July is the best season for rubber plantation.CaringTaking good care of the rubber plants will ensure good production. Here we are describing more about the caring process.FertilizingRubber plants respond very well to organic matter and fertilizers. Apply 10-12 kg of well rotten organic manure and 225 grams of rock phosphate in each pit during land preparation. And this dosage is recommended up to 4th year of planting.IrrigationWatering or irrigation should be provided depending upon plant growth.Controlling WeedsWeeds consume nutrients from the soil and the rubber plants will suffer. Weeding is generally carried out manually or chemically or through a combination of both.IntercroppingIntercropping will generate some extra revenue during the first two years of cultivation. Some suitable intercrops in rubber farming are turmeric, ginger, vegetables, tuber crops, banana, pineapple, medicinal or herbal plants etc.Cover CroppingCover cropping is very helpful in sloppy areas for preventing soil erosion. This also helps to enhance the soil fertility and controls the weed growth along with soil temperature.Intercropping leguminous crops will help in nitrogen fixation in the soil. Calopagonium muconoides, centrosema pubescens, pueraria phaseoloides and desmodium evalifolium are common cover crops in rubber farming.Pests & DiseasesMealy but, cockchafer grub, scale insect, white ant and mites are the main pests in rubber cultivation. Abnormal leaf fall, bird's eye spot, secondary leaf fall, powdery mildew, leaf spot, bark cankers, dry rot, pink disease, stump rot, collar rot and brown rot diseases are the main diseases found in rubber farming.Contact your local agriculture extension office or horticulture department for more information about controlling these pests and diseases.YieldExact amount of yield depends on the method of propagation. But yield usually increases year by year in any method.Total yield reaches peak after 14 to 15 years of planting. An annual average yield of rubber is about 375 to 400 kg per hectare from seedlings trees. But the average yield is 800-1000 kg per hectare in budded plants.MarketingMarketing rubber products is relatively easy. Although, you should determine your marketing strategies before starting this business.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful rubber farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

Commercial mango farming is a very old and profitable business idea. Mango is a very popular fruit throughout the world, especially in India and some other south Asian countries.Mango is actually a stone fruit produced from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus Mangifera. And these trees are cultivated mostly for their edible fruit.Mangoes are native to South Asia, from where the 'common mango' or 'Indian mango' (magnifera indica) has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most widely cultivated fruits in the tropics.Today, there are several hundred varieties/cultivars of mango available throughout the world. And the mango fruit varies in size, shape, taste and skin color depending on the cultivar.Mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh. And the fruit is the national fruit of India. Flesh color of the fruit may vary from pale, yellow, gold or orange depending upon the cultivar.Mango trees are large and can grow up to 130 feet tall depending on the variety. These trees are long lived, as some specimens still fruit after 300 years.Leaves of these trees are evergreen. The young leaves are orange-pink in coloration, and rapidly change to a dark, glossy red, and then dark green as they mature.Mangoes have actually been cultivated in many South Asian countries (especially in India) for thousands of years and reached Southeast Asia between the fifth and fourth centuries BCE.Today, mango plants are available and cultivated in many different countries throughout the world. It is mainly cultivated in the most frost-free tropical and warmer subtropical climates.India is the world's largest mango producer. And almost half of the word's total mangoes are cultivated in India alone. And the second largest country is China.However, commercial mango farming is a very old business. And this business is among the very old traditional business for the rural people. You can also start this business, even if you are a beginner.Mango Nutrition & Health BenefitsMango is called as the 'king of fruits' in some parts of the world. It is a native fruit of India and Southeast Asia and has been cultivated for thousands years.Mango is a very popular and common fruit in many countries. It has very good taste, it is delicious and it is also very nutritious.Many studies link mango and it's nutrients to health benefits, such as improved immunity, digestive health and eyesight, as well as a lower risk of certain cancers.Nutritional Value of MangoA raw mango is around 84% water, 1% protein, 15% carbohydrates and negligible amount of fat.The energy value per 100 g (3.5 oz) serving of the common mango is 250 kJ (60 kcal). Fresh mango contains only vitamin C and folate in significant amounts of the Daily Value as 44% and 11%, respectively (table).According to healthline, one cup (165 grams) of sliced mango provides:- Calories: 99- Protein: 1.4 grams- Carbs: 24.7 grams- Fat: 0.6 grams- Dietary fiber: 2.6 grams- Vitamin C: 67% of the Reference Daily Intake (RDI)- Copper: 20% of the RDI- Folate: 18% of the RDI- Vitamin B6: 11.6% of the RDI- Vitamin A: 10% of the RDI- Vitamin E: 9.7% of the RDI- Vitamin B5: 6.5% of the RDI- Vitamin K: 6% of the RDI- Niacin: 7% of the RDI- Potassium: 6% of the RDI- Riboflavin: 5% of the RDI- Manganese: 4.5% of the RDI- Thiamine: 4% of the RDI- Magnesium: 4% of the RDISo, mango is very nutritious. It is low in calories but high in many essential nutrients particularly vitamin C, which aids immunity, iron absorption and growth and repair.Health Benefits of Consuming MangoesConsuming mangoes has many health benefits. Here we are trying to describe about the top health benefits of consuming mangoes.- Mango is packed with different type of polyphenols (including mangiferin which is especially powerful). Polyphenols are plant compounds that function as antioxidants inside the body.- Consuming mango help to boost immunity. Because it is a good source of folate, several B vitamins, as well as vitamins A, C, K and E. All these nutrients help to boost immunity.- Mango is a good source of potassium, magnesium and the antioxidant mangiferin. And all these nutrients support healthy heart function.- Mango has digestive enzymes, water, dietary fiber and other compounds that aid different aspects of digestive health.- Lutein, zeaxanthin and Vitamin A support eye health. Lutein and zeaxanthin may protect from the sun, while a lack of vitamin A can create vision problems. Mango contain all these nutrients, that's why consuming mangoes is good for eye health.- Mango provides vitamin A, which promotes healthy hair.- Consuming mango is also good for your skin. Because it contains vitamin C which gives your skin it's elasticity and prevents sagging and wrinkling.- Mango polyphenols may fight oxidative stress, which is linked to colon, lung, prostate, breast and bone cancers.- Most importantly, mango is delicious and you can enjoy it in many different ways.Advantages of Mango Farming BusinessCommercial mango farming is a very common and popular business. It is very easy and even the beginners can also start this business.Commercial production is a great way for making profits. Here we are trying to describe more about the top advantages/benefits of mango farming business.- It's a very old business. So, you don't have to worry much about starting it. You will be able to find many experienced farmer within your area to learn practically.- Commercial mango production is very profitable, and you will be able to make good profits from this business.- It's a very old and established business. So, you don't have to worry much about this business.- Mango plants grow easily and it's very easy to take care of them.- Both price and demand of mangoes are high.- Marketing mangoes is very easy. Because this fruit already has good market demand. You will be able to sell your products in the local market.- Commercial mango production is profitable. So, it can be a good employment source for the unemployed people, especially for the educated young people.- Commercial mango farming doesn't require high investment, but it will require long time (several years). But once the trees are established, then you will get fruits continuously for many years.- Mango fruits is very tasty and nutritious. And consuming mangoes on a regular basis has many health benefits. You can enjoy fresh mangoes if you start your own mango farming business.How to Start Mango Farming BusinessMango plants are very strong and hardy, and caring them is very easy and simple. You can care them easily, even if you are a beginner.You can easily start this business. Here we are trying to describe more information about starting and operating this business from planting, caring, to harvesting and marketing.Select LocationFirst of all, you have to select a very good location for starting your mango farming business. Although you can use your existing land for growing mango trees.Actually, mango trees can be grown in a variety of soil types. But deep soil without any hard pan up to depth of 4 feet is required for mango cultivation. pH of the soil should be less than 8.5%. And mango plants don't grow in salty soil.Prepare SoilPreparing the soil perfectly is very important for growing mango plants. Do ploughing, cross ploughing of land and then level the land.And then prepare the land in such way that water stagnation should not occurred in field. Take one deeper ploughing after levelling, and then divide lands in blocks.Try to add as much organic fertilizers as you can during preparing the land. Spacing is varied from place to place.Climate Requirements For Mango FarmingMango plants are very strong and hardy, and they can grow in many different areas around the world. They generally require less maintenance than other commercial fruit plants.So, mango plants can be grown anywhere, where there is not much humidity in the atmosphere along with good rainfall and dry atmosphere. But low temperature is essential at the time of flowering.Hot and temperate climatic conditions are the main habitat of the mango tree. Temperature ranging between 24°C and 30°C is considered as the best suitable for mango cultivation (for getting increased number of mangoes).Planting can be done any time if you have enough irrigation facilities. But the plants are planted in the month of July to August in the rainfed areas.Choose Variety/CultivarsThere are many different varieties of mangoes available throughout the world. You should choose the right breed for your business depending on it's availability, price and market demand.Some common and popular mango varieties in India are Amrapai, Arka Arjun, Arka Puneet, Arka Anmol, Dusheri, Langra, Alphonso, Gangian Sandhuri, Mallika, Ratna, Sindhu, Manjeera, Bombay Green, Dashahari, Kesar, Himsagar, Chausa, Neelaum etc.Purchase PlantsMango plants are easily available. You will be able to easily purchase plants from any of your nearest nurseries. Today, there are some nurseries available with online presence. So, you can also consider ordering online.PlantingThe mango trees are mainly propagated by the grafting method (such as veneer grafting, arching grafting, epicotyl grafting etc.) in commercial production business.Keeping adequate distance between plants is very important. Use a distance of 9m x 9m for grafted varieties and plant them in square system.Dig pits at the distance mentioned above, at least one month earlier before planting. Expose them to sun and mix organic and chemical fertilizers.You can start planting the plants when the land become ready. Try to plant during afternoon, and choosing the rainy days for planting is a very good idea. Water the plants immediately after planting, if the soil is dry.CaringMango plants are very strong and hardy. So, they require relatively less caring, and the caring process is relatively easy. Here we are trying to describe more information about caring mango plants.FertilizingProviding fertilizers is very important for good growth of the plants and also for better production. Follow the chart below.Age of the plants (year)Decomposed cow dung (in kg)Nitrogen (in grams)SSP (in grams)MOP (in grams01-35-20100-200250-500175-3504-625200-400500-700350-7007-960-90400-500750-1000700-100010 and above10050010001000WateringAdequate watering is also very important for good growth of the plants. Exact amount and interval of irrigation depend upon many factors (such as soil type, climate and source of irrigation).Provide light and frequent irrigation to the young plants. Light irrigation always give good result as compared to flood irrigation.Apply irrigation at interval of 5-7 days during summer. And increase irrigation interval to 25-30 days during winter. No irrigation required during rainy season.Bearing trees require irrigation during fruit development period at interval of 10 to 12 days. Light irrigation is a must before and after applying fertilizers.MulchingMulching not only helps to retain moisture into the soil, but also helps to prevent weed growth. So, mulching is a must. You can use either polythene or organic materials as mulch.WeedingWeed controlling is also very important, because weeds consume nutrients from soil and the mango plants suffer.Weeding and earthing up should be done around newly planted crop. Inter-crop can be taken till plant gets well acquainted to surrounding atmosphere up to plant start bearing.Depending upon variety, it can take between 5 and 6 years to start bearing fruits commercially (some varieties also start bearing fruit after 1 year, but commercial production takes time).Inter-cropping helps to minimize weed control, and at the same time you can utilize your space for making extra money.Leguminous crop like mash, moong, gram and lentil can be grown as inter-crop. Also crop like onion, tomato, radish, beans, cauliflower, cabbage are useful for inter-cropping. Avoid Bajra, maize and sugarcane as inter-cropped.Pests & DiseasesLike many other commercial crops, the mango plants are also susceptible to many diseases and pests. Here we are trying to describe more about these pests and diseases and their preventing methods.Pests & Their ControlMango Fruit FlyIt is a serious pest of mango. Females lay eggs below epidermis of young fruits, later on maggots feed on pulp afterwards fruits starts rotting and get drop.Destroy the infected fruits away from field. Hang traps of 100ml emulsion of methyl Engenol 0.1% during fruit development stage.Start spraying of Chlorpyrifos 20EC@2ml/Ltr of water for three times with interval of 20days. Do this in the month of May.Mango HopperMango hopper infestation is observed mostly in February to March month when crop in flowering stage. If you observe infestion of these pests, then spray Cypermethrin 25EC @3ml or Deltamethrin 28EC@9ml or Fenvelarate20EC@5ml or Neembicidine 1000ppm@20ml in 10Ltr water on whole tree.Mealy BugMealy bug causes damage to crop by sucking sap from inflorescences, stem, leaves and shoot. Spray Acephate@2gm/Ltr or Spirotetramat@3ml/Ltr of water to control mealy bug.Stem BorerStem borer is a serious pest of the mango crop. It create tunnel under bark and destroy the tree by feeding on internal tissue. Larva of stem borer excreta is observed outside of tunnel.If you observe the infestation of stem borer, clean tunnel with hard wire and insert cotton swab dip in mixture of Kerosene and Chlorpyriphos in ratio of 50:50 and then close it with mud.Diseases & Their ControlAnthracnose/DiebackIn this diseases, dark black or dark brown spots are observed on shoots. Some small, raise, dark spots are also observed on fruits.Cut infested, dead portion and apply Bordo Paste on it to control this disease. If infestation observed in field take spray of Copper oxychloride@30gm/10Ltr on infected trees.If Anthracnose observed on new flush. Spray with Thiophanate methyl@10gm or Carbendazim@10gm/10Ltr of water.Black TipBlack tip affected mangoes get abnormally elongated at tips along with pre-mature ripening of fruits. Spray Borax@6gm/ltr of water plus Copper Oxychloride@3gm/Ltr of water for three times with 10-15days interval, during flowering stage.Powdery MildewWhitish powdery growth observed on inflorescence and the floral parts. In severe condition, they get drop. Also fruits, branches and floral part show dieback symptoms.Spray 1.25kg wet able sulfur in 200litre of water. Do this before flowering, during flowering and after fruit set. Take second spray with interval of 10-15 days, if needed.If infestation is observed in field, take spray of 178% Imidacloprid@3ml along with Hexaconzole@5ml/10Ltr water or Tridemorph@5ml or Carbendazim @10gm/10Ltr of water.HarvestingYou can start harvesting when the mangoes start changing color. Changing of fruit color is a sign of fruit maturity. It generally take 15 to 16 weeks after fruits set to get mature.Pick each fruit with help of ladder or bamboo having sharp knife and having net to collect harvested fruits. Avoid falling of fruits on ground as it will damage fruits during storage.Post-HarvestingAfter harvesting, do sorting and grading of mangoes according to their size, color and then packed in boxes. Place harvested fruits on polynet upside down.MarketingMarketing mangoes is very easy and simple. You can easily sell your products in the local market. You can also consider selling to the commercial companies. Determine your marketing strategies before starting this business.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful mango farming business. It's really very easy and simple. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck!

Commercial coconut farming is a very old and common business in some areas around the world. Many people are already doing this business and making good profit. Because both demand and value of coconut and it's products are very high.Actually, the coconut tree is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. Actually, the term 'coconut' can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed (or fruit), which botanically is a drupe, not a nut.Coconuts are known by many different names in many different places around the world. In India, the tree is known as 'Kalpavriksha' - the 'tree of heaven'. As each and every part of the palm is useful to mankind in one way or other.Coconut tree provides food, drink and timber. Millions of families in India depend on coconut for their livelihood either directly or indirectly. And India ranks 3rd in area and production of coconut in the world.Coconut is a large palm, growing up to 30 meter tall, with pinnate leaves 4-6 meter long, and pinnae 2-3 feet long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth.In good condition and on fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30.In proper growing condition and if you care the trees well, then you can expect their first fruit within 6 to 10 years. And these type of trees generally take 10-20 years to reach peak production.Nutritional Value of CoconutMost of the fruits are high in carbs, while coconuts provide mostly fat. But the MCTs (medium-chain triglycerides) it contains may help you lose excess body fat.It is also a great source of protein, along with many other essential minerals, such as manganese, copper, iron and selenium.According to healthline, the nutrition facts for 100 grams of raw coconut meat:- Calories: 354- Protein: 3 grams- Carbs:15 grams- Fat: 33 grams- Fiber: 9 grams- Manganese: 75% of the Daily Value (DV)- Copper: 22% of the DV- Selenium: 14% of the DV- Magnesium: 8% of the DV- Phosphorus: 11% of the DV- Iron: 13% of the DV- Potassium: 10% of the DVThe nutrition facts for 100 grams of dried coconut meat:- Calories: 650- Protein: 7.5 grams- Carbs: 25 grams- Fat: 65 grams- Fiber: 18 grams- Manganese: 137% of the DV- Copper: 40% of the DV- Selenium: 26% of the DV- Magnesium: 23% of the DV- Phosphorus: 21% of the DV- Iron:18% of the DV- Potassium: 16% of the DVHealth Benefits of CoconutCoconut meat is very tasty and slightly sweet. You can enjoy it in many different ways, either raw or dried. Many products are made from coconut, including coconut milk, cream and oil.There are many health benefits of consuming coconuts. Here we are trying to describe the top health benefits of coconuts.- Coconut is highly nutritious and it provides carbs and protein along with many essential minerals, such as manganese, iron, selenium and copper.- Eating coconut may help to decrease belly fat, and improve cholesterol levels. These are considered as risk factor for heart disease.- As we have mentioned above, coconut is low in carbs and rich in amino acids, healthy fats and fiber. That's why it is a great choice for blood sugar control.- Coconut meat contains phenolic compounds, which are antioxidants that many help to protect cells from oxidative damage. The main phenolic compounds identified include caffeic acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid and p-coumaric acid. These polyphenol antioxidants can protect your cells from damage, which may reduce your disease risk.- You can enjoy coconut in many different ways either raw or after cooking. You can make sweet and savory foods from coconut. It’s a great choice for those on low-carb, paleo, gluten-free, or nut-free diets.Advantages of Coconut Farming BusinessCoconut farming is a very old and popular farming business idea. It's very common throughout the world and many people are already doing this business.There are numerous benefits/advantages of starting coconut farming business. Here we are trying to describe more about the top advantages of coconut farming business.- It's a very old and popular business. Many people are already doing this business. So, you don't have to worry much about it.- If you are new in this business, then you will probably be able to learn practically from existing farmers in your area.- Commercial coconut farming is a very profitable business. And you will be able to make good profits from this business.- You don't have to worry much about the future of this business. It's a very old and established business.- Growing coconut trees is very easy and the trees are very hardy. They require less caring and other management.- You can start this business even if you are a beginner.- Marketing coconut is very easy. Because both green and mature coconut have very good market demand and value.- Coconut already has an established market demand and value. So, you don't have to worry much about marketing your products.- Commercial coconut farming is a very profitable business. So, it can be a great employment source for the people. Especially for the educated but unemployed young people.- Capital requirement in coconut farming business is relatively less than other business. But you have to wait few years to get better production.- Coconut is very nutritious and good for heath. And you can enjoy fresh coconut if you start your own coconut farming business.How to Start Coconut farming BusinessAs we have mentioned above, starting coconut farming business is very easy and simple. Coconut trees are very strong and hardy, so they generally require less caring and other management.And the caring process of coconut tree is very easy, even the beginners can also take good care of them. Although you should learn practically from an existing farmer in your area.Here we are trying to describe more information about starting and operating a successful coconut farming from planting, caring to harvesting and marketing.Site SelectionFirst of all, you have to select a very good site/location for starting your commercial coconut farm. Coconut plants are very hardy and they can be grown under different soil types.Preferred soil types for growing coconut plants are loamy, laterite, coastal sandy, alluvial, clayey and reclaimed soils of the marshy low lands.For getting better production, the selected land must have to have proper drainage system and good water-holding capacity.Prepare SoilPreparing the soil perfectly is the key to successful coconut farming business. Add as much organic contents as you can while preparing the soil. And also use some chemical fertilizers recommended by an expert.Climate Requirements For Coconut FarmingCoconut plants are very strong and hardy, and they can be grown in a wide variety of climatic conditions. Coconut is actually a tropical plant.The ideal temperature for commercial coconut farming is 27 ± 5° and humidity > 60 per cent. These plants can tolerate wide range in intensity and distribution of rainfall.However, a well distributed rainfall of about 200 cm per year is considered best for proper growth and better production. Irrigation is required in the areas where rainfall is inadequate.Coconut VarietiesActually, coconut varieties/cultivars are classified into two groups such as tall variety and dwarf variety. Dwarf variety is highly productive, but the tall variety generally produce less.The dwarf variety is shorter in stature and it's lifespan is short as compared to the tall. While the tall cultivars that are extensively grown are the West Coast Tall and East Coast Tall. Tall x Dwarf and Dwarf x Tall are the two important hybrids.PropagationCommercial propagation of coconut plants is done by seed nut. Collect seed nuts when they have reached the desired maturity level.Coconuts have no dormancy period between seed nut harvesting and germination. And they don't require pre-planting treatment. So, seed nuts can be planted directly.Purchase PlantsIf you can't produce the plans, then you can consider purchasing the plants from any of your nearest nurseries or coconut farms. You can also purchase plants online (many suppliers available with online presence).PlantingFill up the pits with top soil and powdered cow dung or compost up to a depth of 0.5 to 0.6 meter. You should do this at least 1 month before planting the plants.Then make a small pit inside the main pit, so that it can accommodate the nut attached to the seedling. Plant the seedling inside this pit and fill up with soil.After planting, press the soil well to avoid water stagnation. If there is chance for white-ant attack apply Sevidol 8G (5gm.) inside the small pit before planting.SpacingIn most cases, a square system of planting with a spacing of 7.5 meters x 7.5 meters is considered best for planting coconut plants. And this spacing is enough for accommodating 177 plants per hectare.Although, many different spacing is applied in many different areas around the world. It actually depends on the coconut varieties/cultivars.CaringTaking good care of the plants is very important for getting healthy and fast growing plants. Here we are trying to describe about the common caring tasks of coconut plants.Caring of Young PlantsThe transplanted seedlings should be shaded and irrigated adequately during the summer months. Also provide staking so that winds may not uproot the young seedlings.For the first two years after planting, irrigate the seedling twice a week during the dry summer months. Shading is a must to the transplanted seedlings.FertilizingProviding the plants with adequate fertilizers is the key to have good production from your trees. Regular manuring from the first year of planting is essential to achieve higher productivity.Organic fertilizers not only keep the plants healthy but also help them to produce more. If you want to use chemical fertilizers, then please contact with an expert in your area.WateringCoconut plants responds well to summer irrigation. And summer irrigation at the rate of 40 liters per tree weekly will increase the yield of nuts by 50%.But under basin irrigation, around 200 liters of water per tree once in 4 days will be beneficial.Drip irrigation system can also be used where water is scarce. The quantity of water recommended for drip irrigation in coconut is 66% of the open pan evaporation.WeedingWeeding regularly is very important for healthy plants. Weeds consume nutrients from the soil and your coconut plant will suffer. So, try to keep your field free from weeds.MulchingMulching helps to retain moisture into the soil. Good mulching will also help you to prevent weeds. Use organic materials for mulching.Inter-CroppingYou can maximize the utilization of soil and sunlight by inter-cropping. You can try a variety of crops like banana, pineapple, elephant foot yam, chilies, groundnut, tapioca, sweet potato etc. You can expect good yield of inter-crops for up to 10 years of the coconut plant.And in older plantation, you can try perennials like cocoa, pepper, cloves, nutmeg and cinnamon. Mixed farming by growing fodder grasses such as hybrid Napier or guinea grass along with leguminous fodder crops in coconut garden has been found to be profitable which can support the rearing of milch animals.Pests & DiseasesPests and diseases are less in coconut plants. Although, you have to keep good contact with an expert in your area.HarvestingActually, coconuts are harvested at varying spans in a year. The frequency differs in different areas depending upon the yield of the trees.In well maintained and high yielding gardens, bunches are produced regularly and harvesting is done once a month.You can harvest either green or mature coconuts depending on the market demands and value.Generally coconuts become mature in about 12 months after the opening of the spathe. It is the ripe coconut which is the source of major coconut products.Nuts which are eleven months old give fiber of good quality and can be harvested in the tracts where green husks are required for the manufacture of coir fiber. The economic life of a coconut tree is around 65 years.YieldIt's really very difficult to tell the exact number or amount. Total yield depends on the variety and conditions under which it is grown. But the average yield per hectare varies from 10,000 to 14,000 coconuts per year.MarketingMarketing coconuts is very easy and simple. Because coconuts already have very good demand and value in the market. You will be able to sell your products easily to big product companies or local wholesale dealers.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful coconut farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck!

Commercial onion farming is a very common, popular and old business in many countries around the world. Actually onions are cultivated and used throughout the world.The onion is also known by some other names such as bulb onion or common onion. It is a vegetable and this the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. Garlic, scallion, chive and Chinese onion are close relatives of onion.Onion is used mainly as a food idem. Onions are generally served cooked, as a vegetable or part of a prepared savory dish, but can also be eaten raw or used to make pickles or chutneys. Most of the onions are pungent when chopped and contain certain chemical substances which may irritate the eyes.However, onion is one of the most popular and favorite vegetables for most of the people all over the world. Onion farming is very easy and profitable.Investment required for commercial onion farming business is relatively less and caring the plans is very easy. Beginners can also start commercial onion production easily.In the year of 2019, total worldwide production of onions and shallots was 4.5 millions tonnes. China was the top producer, producing 22% of world total, and Japan, Mali and South Korea as secondary producers.However, onion farming is very easy and profitable. You can start this business, even if you are a beginner. Read more information before starting commercial onion farming business.Nutritional Value of OnionsOnions are great vegetable containing various vitamins, minerals and potent plant compounds that have been shown to promote health in many ways.People are using onions from the ancient times mainly due to their medicinal properties. They are often used to treat ailments like headaches, mouth sores and hearth disease.Depending on the variety, most of the onions are about 1% protein, 9% carbohydrates (including 4% sugar and 2% dietary fiber), 89% water and negligible amount of fat.Onions contain low amounts of essential nutrients and have an energy value of 40 kilocalories in a 100 grams amount. Onions contribute savory flavor to dishes without contributing significant caloric content.Health Benefits of OnionsOnions are packed in various vitamins and minerals. And the medicinal properties of onions have been recognized since ancient times. However, here we are trying to describe about the top health benefits of onions.- Onions are loaded with nutrients. They are low in calories but very high in vitamins and minerals. They are a good source of vitamin C, B and potassium.- Consuming onions may help reduce heart disease risk factors (such as high blood pressure).- Most of the onions are rich in antioxidants. Red onions are rich in anthocyanins, which are powerful plant pigments that may protect against heart disease, certain cancers and diabetes.- A diet rich in allium vegetables (like onions) may have a protective effect against certain cancers. So, you can add onions to your daily diet.- Consuming onions regularly may help reduce high blood sugar, due to the many beneficial compounds found in onions.- Studies show that onion consumption is associated with improved bone mineral density.- Onions have antibacterial properties. They prevent the growth of potentially harmful bacteria like E. coli and S. aureus.- Onions are helpful and may help you to boost your digestive health. They are rich source of probiotics, which help to boost digestive health, improve bacterial balance in your gut and benefit your immune system.- You can enjoy onions in many different ways. They can easily be added to savory dishes, including eggs, meat dishes, soups and baked goods.Advantages of Onion Farming BusinessLarge scale or commercial onion farming business is very old and popular in many countries throughout the world. Starting and operating commercial onion farming business is very easy and simple. Even the beginners can also start this business.Commercial onion farming is very profitable and a very good way to earn money. Here we are trying to describe the main benefits/advantages of commercial onion farming business.- Commercial onion farming is a very old and popular business in many countries.- Many people are already doing this business for earning their livelihood. People are growing onions from the ancient time.- It's an established business, so you don't have to worry much about starting and operating this business. You will be able to find many onion farmers in your area.- Growing onions is very easy and simple, even the beginners can also start commercial production.- You can make good profit from onion farming business, because commercial onion production is profitable.- You will be able to make very good profits within a very short period of time.- Both demand and value of onions in the market are good.- It is a very popular item in the vegetable market. So, you don't h ave to worry much about marketing your products.- Caring onion plants is very easy, and the plants generally grow very well. You will be able to care for the plants even if you are a beginner.- Commercial onion farming is very profitable, so it can be a good employment source for the rural people. Especially for the educated unemployed people.- Commercial production of onions doesn't require high investment. And you will get back your invested money within a very short period of time.- Onions are very nutritious and consuming them on a regular basis has many health benefits.- You can enjoy fresh onions (if you like them) if you start your own onion farming business.How to Start Onion Farming BusinessStarting commercial onion farming business is relatively easy and simple. Onion plants generally grow well and it's very easy and simple to care for the plants. Although, you should learn practically from an expert farmer if you are a beginner.Here we are trying to describe more information about starting and operating a successful onion farming business from planting caring to harvesting and marketing.Site SelectionOnions can be grown in a wide range of soils. They can be grown from sandy loam to clay loam with good drainage facilities. Optimum pH level for growing onions should be between 6.5 and 7.5.Land PreparationPreparing the land perfectly is a very important part of commercial onion farming business. So, prepare the land perfectly.Plow the land to get fine tilth and apply well rotted farm yard manure at the rate of 20 tonnes per hectare at the time of the last plowing. Contact a local expert for chemical fertilizer recommendations.Climate Requirement for Onion FarmingOnion plants grow well and are adapted to a temperature range of 13° C to 24° C for the vegetative stage and 16° C to 21° C for the bulbing stage, and 30° C to 35° C at maturity and harvest.Best production can be obtained in mild weather without the extremes of cold, heat and excess rainfall.Chose the Right VarietyThere are many different onion varieties available to choose from. And all these varieties differ in size, shape and color. Different types of onions are available such as white, red and yellow with the size ranging from small pickling to large.And shape of the onions also vary, such as globe, top or spindle-shaped. You should choose those varieties which grow well in your area. So, consult with your local farmers for having good recommendations.Some common onion varieties are Yellow Sweet Spanish, Red Wethersfield, First Edition, Burgundy, White Bermuda and Stuttgarter.Purchase SeedsOnion plants can be grown in many different ways. You can start growing onions from transplants, sets or seeds. So after selecting the varieties, you can buy either sets, transplants or seeds.PlantingFor commercial onion farming, irrigation is necessary at the time of transplanting/dibbling of cloves, and then a light irrigation is required on the 3rd day after planting. Water the transplants immediately after planting.CaringOnion plats generally require less caring and other management. Although, taking additional caring will help the plants to grow well. Here we are trying to describe more about onion caring.Feeding/FertilizingOnion plants are heavy feeders. They require additional fertilization for better growth. Generally 150:50:80:80 kg NPKS is required per hectare. Apply 50% N and 100% P, K and S as basal dose and remaining 50% of N to be applied in two splits at 30 to 45 days after transplanting. The topdressing must be completed before bulb development.IrrigationIrrigation is a must for successful onion farming business. Water the transplants immediately after planting, and apply a light irrigation on the third day after planting and subsequent irrigation will be done at 7 to 10 days interval (depending upon the soil condition and season).MulchingMulching is a good option for retaining moisture into the soil. It also helps to prevent weeds from the field. You can use organic materials for mulching.WeedingWeeds consume nutrients from the soil and the plants suffer. So, controlling weeds on a regular basis is very important. Initially, remove all the weeds before planting. You can apply Oxyfluorfen at the rate of 0.15 to 0.25 kg per hectare or Fluchloralin at the rate of 1 kg per hectare or Pendimethalin at the rate of 3.5 litter per hectare.For direct seeded crop, apply Pendimethalin at the rate of 3ml per liter of water just after sowing. Doing this will not affect the germination and seedling growth.Pests & DiseasesPests and diseases are generally less in onion farming business. Although, you should consult with an expert in your area if you face any problems.HarvestingYou should start harvesting onions at 50% neck fall stage. Harvesting onions at the right stage of maturity is very important. Generally, the onion bulbs reach maturity when the plants cease to produce new leaves and roots.Neck fall is the indication of maturity of onions. Although, exact time of harvesting depends on several factors such as planting season, variety/cultivar, market price and also the condition of the crop.If you want to store the onions, then ensure that all the onions are fully developed before harvesting. The onions are generally harvested by hand through pulling the bulbs (if the soil is light).YieldIt's very difficult to tell the exact number. Because exact exact amount of yield depends on numerous factors. Generally, you can expect between 25 and 30 tonnes per hectare.MarketingMarketing of onions is very easy. This is a very good advantages of commercial onion farming business. You can sell to local wholesale stores or retail stores or you can even sell in government market yards.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful onion farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck!

Before starting crop farming business, it is necessary to assess the available resources. As a conscious farmer, you will have to evaluate the amount of water, land, and the means and labor available. The following vital points will be the choice of crops and the purpose of their cultivation.You can start cash crop farming for making money, personal use as well as for export. In addition, crops can be grown as livestock feed and also for preventing soil erosion.Depending on the purpose, you have to choose the right plant species. It is also necessary to assess how the climatic conditions in your area will affect the selected crop's production.Demand for your products, the equipment you need, and the availability of markets are also important parameters to consider before starting commercial crop farming business.However, this is not the whole list of things to do for a budding farmer. This guide will help you to learn how to start crop farming and what resources you will need to increase crop yield.Why Start Crop FarmingYou can start a crop farming business for a variety of reasons. Perhaps this is a lifelong dream for some people and actually a good opportunity to cover the existing demand and earn money for another. At the same time, whoever opens a crop farming business may have an innovative concept or an innovative interpretation of an old one.Of course, the reason may also be a simple desire to connect with nature and the earth. In such a case, starting a farm is an opportunity to support biodiversity from an environmental, ethical point of view. Each farmer has their reasons, and in this case, there are no wrong options.How Much do Farmers Make?Commercial crop farming can be a profitable business. According to the USDA ERS, the net profit of the farm's cash crop is $192,500. As for the livestock farm, this industry brings in between $5,900 and $347,000. Profit depends on many factors, which is why its range is so broad.One of the main factors in the industry is, of course, the kind of crops and products you produce. The region and climatic conditions also have a strong influence on the profitability of the farm.Profits can only be maximized by developing a strategic approach. Strategy is important because many crops are seasonal, and animals only breed at certain times of the year.Critical Resources for Crop Farming BusinessCritical resources for starting and operating a profitable crop farming business are listed here.WaterThis is the primary resource of agriculture related business, so evaluate how things are with water before choosing a crop. It is necessary to calculate whether there is enough water for irrigation and irrigation systems and whether there is natural water, wells on your site.Consideration should also be given to rainfall and water quality. Also, assess whether the crops will be able to adapt to the available water source.Land and soilBefore starting a farm, it is necessary to assess the size of the site and its accessibility for equipment and workers. Assessment of the condition of the soil is no less critical. Determine the soil type, overall fertility, and actual nutrient content.You can also divide the land into several zones to isolate crops from grazing and limit the access of strangers and neighboring animals to the fields.FundsFormulating a good business plan will give you access to funds, including loans and various grants. Calculate the funds for planting the crop and estimate the capital intensity of the crop. It is essential to consider the time after which you will sell the product and make a profit.For example, if you choose to grow an olive, your olive garden will only profit in a few years. But profit from various vegetables can be obtained throughout the year.LaborThe labor required to build and maintain your crop farming business is another essential item for a budding farmer. Assess what equipment you need and whether you need manual work. When recruiting, it is also necessary to consider whether the crop production on your farm interferes with other aspects of farming.If you decide to use the equipment, is it available, or do you need to rent it? To use the machinery, you will need fuel and drivers with specific skills depending on the culture.Which Crop to Plant?Deciding what crops to grow can be a challenge. However, you should not despair.That's where help from an experienced agricultural economist comes in handy and advice from a seed supplier.Climate FactorThe climate can promote the growth of the crop or, on the contrary, destroy it. So you need to know your region's environment, the amount of precipitation, and the characteristics of the soil. The success of your crop production venture will depend on these factors.Depending on the weather conditions, you can choose drought-tolerant crops such as millet or sorghum. These crops can also be used as livestock feed. If your area is humid, sugarcane or bananas are good choices.End-use FactorA crop can be most beneficial if it provides income, improves the soil, and becomes animal feed. In some regions, farmers also grow other plants between perennial crops.This practice makes it possible to stabilize the soil and improve the penetration of water into the ground. Cover crops can also be of great benefit. These crops include, for example, legumes, which increase the nitrogen content of the soil. It is also food for people, and you can use it to feed cattle.Price FactorThe price of agricultural products is based on domestic supply and demand, depending on the domestic pricing policy. The final consumer price is also influenced by the nature and deficiencies of agricultural markets. The Bureau of Food and Agriculture Policy has released a report that shows crop trends in South Africa for 2018–2027. There are significant changes in field crops in this region.The report shows how soybeans and yellow corn, primarily used for animal feed, are expanding as white corn’s staple food. These changes were due to increased demand for feed grains for herd renewal after a drought and low-profit margins for grain producers.Steps to Start Crop Farming BusinessHere we are trying to shortly describe about the steps for starting crop farming business.Know Your SoilHealthy soil is something you need to take care of if you want to get high yields. First, you need to find out what type of soil you are dealing with to choose the suitable crops for growing later. You can do a soil analysis to see what needs to be improved.This analysis requires a sample taken from a small pit on a farm. Send samples to the laboratory and inquire about the type and quality of the soil. The type can be sand, clay, silt, or a combination of these three. When we talk about quality, we are discussing determining the level of nutrients, including potassium, nitrogen, sulfur, and organic matter.Learn Your ClimateClimate is also an essential factor. It also determines the crops that you can grow. If you choose a crop not suitable for the climate, it may not produce crops and cause a significant loss. You can also learn about some environments and get advice from other farmers in your area.Do Market ResearchOnce you have chosen the right crop for your farm, you need to think about the market. Again, you can do a little research yourself about leads and distribution channels.You can even visit local markets, talk to customers, and meet local producers, even targeting a specific product. It will help you find out what products are missing in the market.Choose the CropOnce you have become familiar with the climate in your area and determined the type of soil, you can choose the types of crops for which the conditions are suitable. The choice should also be made based on the resources available and what product you ultimately want to sell. Do some research to find out what crops are in demand in the market.Draw up a Business PlanIf you are a small farmer who did not inherit the farm, you should develop a business plan, as you will need it to access finance. Finding money will be crucial to your go-to-market strategy.A business plan is a formal document that is also a decision-making tool. Even if you don't need a loan, this is a great way to put your goals on paper and assess how realistic they are. The business plan can also calculate the cost of production.Register Your BusinessTake a look at your government's web page. You may need a license, permits, or rights for your business. The need for such documents depends on what and where you want to sell.You may not need this, but it's worth checking out. You can register a company online through a bank or CIPC. Registration can take several weeks.Start Slow & Expand GraduallyThere is a lot to learn when you start, but you shouldn't get upset about small failures or rush. You can experiment a bit to see what works best for your farm. Use your time to good use and learn the basics because each task will allow you to learn something new and not repeat mistakes in the future.Market Your ProductThe promotion method depends on the consumer of your product. There are several points to consider when promoting. Consider whether the product will benefit manufacturers as an ingredient. Perhaps your product can be sold directly to consumers or through a store. And also, consider the possibility of selling online.Final ThoughtsThere are many ways to start your own crop farming business. Each farmer will face their own challenges and experiences. It’s natural, as each farm is different. You can use these guidelines as a starting point, as it is often the most challenging part to get started. Learn and experiment with some helpful hints. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

Commercial pomegranate farming is not a new business idea. Many people around the world are growing pomegranate from the ancient time. Pomegranate is actually grown for it's fruit crop, and also used as ornamental trees and shrubs in parks and gardens.The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae. The plants generally grows between 16 and 33 feet tall.The pomegranate plants have multiple spiny branches and is extremely long-lived (with some specimens in France surviving for 200 years).Pomegranate leaves are opposite or subopposite, glossy, narrow oblong, entire, 3–7 cm (1+1⁄4–2+3⁄4 in) long and 2 cm (3⁄4 in) broad. The flowers are bright red and 3 cm (1+1⁄4 in) in diameter, with three to seven petals. Some fruitless varieties are grown for the flowers alone.The pomegranate was originally described throughout the Mediterranean region and was introduced into Spanish America in the late 16th century and into California by Spanish settlers in the year of 1769.Growing season of pomegranate in the Northern Hemisphere is typically from October to February, and from March to May in the Southern Hemisphere.Currently, pomegranate is widely available in almost everywhere around the world. The plants are widely cultivated throughout the Middle East and Caucasus region, north and tropical Africa, Mediterranean Basin, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Central Asia.Pomegranates are used for many different purposes. As juice or intact, pomegranates are used in juice blends, cooking, baking, smoothies, meal garnishes and alcoholic beverages (such as cocktails and wine).Nutritional Value of PomegranatePomegranates are actually among the best and healthiest fruits on Earth. As compared to other fruits, pomegranates contain a wide range of beneficial plant compounds. And studies have shown that this fruit may have numerous benefits for your body, possibly lowering your risk of various diseases.The edible portion of raw pomegranate is 1% fat, 2% protein, 19% carbohydrates and 78% water. A serving of 100 grams raw pomegranate provides 10% Daily Value (DV) for folate, 12% of DV for vitamin C and 16% DV for vitamin K.The seeds of pomegranate are also a good food. The seeds are rich source of dietary fiber (around 20% of DV) which is entirely contained in the edible seeds. The arils are also very sweet, with one cup containing 24 grams of sugar and 144 calories.Health Benefits of Consuming PomegranateAs you can see, pomegranate is very nutritious. It really shine in it's wealth of powerful plant compounds, some of which have potential medicinal properties.Pomegranates are actually among the healthiest fruits and they are safe for all aged people. There are many health benefits of consuming pomegranates. Here we are trying to describe about the top health benefits of pomegranate.- Pomegranates are very nutritious, and they are loaded with important nutrients. They also contain some sugar.- There are hundreds of edible seeds (called arils) inside a fruit. These fruits are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals and bioactive plant compounds.- Pomegranates contain 2 important plant compounds (punicalagins and punicic acid) with powerful medicinal properties. These 2 compounds have made pomegranate a very healthy fruit.- This fruit has impressive anti-inflammatory effects. The punicalagins in pomegranate juice have been shown to reduce inflammation (one of the leading drivers of many serious diseases).- Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in men, and the pomegranate may help fight prostate cancer and may lower the risk of death.- Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, and pomegranate may also be useful against breast cancer.- Consuming pomegranate on a regular basis may help to lower blood pressure levels in as little as two weeks.- Studies in animals and isolated cells indicate that pomegranate extract may be beneficial against several forms of arthritis, but human research is needed.- Consuming pomegranate on a regular basis is very good for your heart. It can lower the risk of heart diseases. It improves cholesterol profile and protects LDL cholesterol from oxidative damage.- Regular consumption of pomegranate juice may help treat erectile dysfunction.- Pomegranates have antibacterial and antiviral properties, and these can be helpful to fight bacterial and fungal infections.- There are some evidence that this fantastic fruit can improve memory.- Pomegranate may improve exercise performance by increasing blood flow, as it is a rich source of nitrates.However, pomegranate is highly nutritious and it is one of the healthiest food. It is packed with nutrients and powerful plant compounds. Consuming pomegranates regularly has wide-ranging benefits and may help reduce your risk of various serious diseases including heart diseases, cancer, arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. And it's safe to consume pomegranate regularly.Advantages of Pomegranate Farming BusinessLarge scale or commercial pomegranate farming is a very easy and profitable business. It's possible to make good profits from this business. Currently it is a very popular business in many countries around the world.Starting commercial pomegranate farming is very easy and simple, even the beginners can also start this business. Although, learning from existing farmers will be good. Here we are listing the top advantages/benefits of pomegranate farming business.- Large scale pomegranate farming is not a new business. It's an established business in many countries around the world.- Many people are already doing this business commercially for making profits. So, you don't have to worry much about staring or operating this business.- Learning practically before starting this business is very important. And we hope you will be able to find some existing farmers within your area to learn pomegranate farming practically.- We recommend learning more about pomegranate farming practically from existing farmers. Learning practically from existing farmers will help you to start and run your business perfectly.- Large scale or commercial pomegranate farming is very profitable and you will be able to make good profits from this business.- Initial investment requirement in this business is relatively low.- Both demand and value of pomegranate in the market are very high.- Pomegranate is already very popular in the market. So, you don't have to worry much about marketing your products.- Pomegranate plants generally require less care and other management. And caring the plants is very easy.- As commercial pomegranate farming is a profitable business, so it can be a great employment source (especially for the educated unemployed people).- Pomegranate is very nutritious and healthy. You can enjoy it many different ways.- You can enjoy fresh pomegranate if you start your own pomegranate production business.How to Start Pomegranate Farming BusinessStarting pomegranate production business is just like starting other crop farming business. It's very easy and simple because the plants generally grow well in relatively less caring and other management.As we have mentioned above, you should learn practically from an existing farmer if you are a beginner. Here we are trying to describe more about the steps of starting and operating a pomegranate farming business from planting, caring to harvesting and marketing.Site SelectionPomegranate plants can be grown on variety of soils. But the plants require deep loamy and alluvial soils for optimum growth and production.The plants are tolerant to loamy and slightly alkaline soils. They can also be grown on poor soils. Medium and black soils are also suitable for pomegranate cultivation.Land PreparationPreparing the land perfectly is very important for commercial pomegranate production. Plough the land for 2-3 times and bring soil to fine tilth. After then carry out planking operation to make land leveled and uniform.Climate RequirementPomegranate plants generally prefer a dry climate. And a prolonged hot and dry climate is required during fruit development. The optimum temperature congenial for fruit development is 38° C.The fruits are severely damaged by the pomegranate butterflies in a humid climate and do not develop sweetness. The plants are winter hardy and very drought tolerant. They can grow up to an elevation of 1850 meters.Varieties/CultivarsPomegranate has more than 500 cultivars throughout the world, but evidently has considerable synonymy in which the same genotype is named differently across regions of the world.Several characteristics between pomegranate cultivars vary for identification, consumer preference, preferred use, and marketing, the most important of which are fruit size, exocarp color (ranging from yellow to purple, with pink and red most common), seed-coat color (ranging from white to red), the hardness of seed, maturity, juice content and its acidity, sweetness, and astringency.However, consult with your local pomegranate producer. You should choose those cultivars which grows well in your area.Purchase Seeds/PlantsYou can purchase either seeds or plants. Purchasing seeds and making seedlings of your own is a much cheaper option than buying plants.Purchase seeds from well known companies or you can also consider ordering the seeds online.PlantingVegetative propagation is recommended in establishing pomegranate plants. Propagation by cuttings is also common. Other planting methods are layering or gootee.Take the cuttings from suckers which spring from the base of the main stem and should be mature about 20 to 30 cm long and 6-12 mm thick. Rainy season is the best period to achieve maximum success.High density planting is adopted in temperate regions. A spacing of 5-6 m. in northern India and also in the plains of Deccan plateau is usually followed. High density planting with a spacing gives 2-2.5 times more yield than that obtained when the normal planting distance of 5 X 5 m. is adopted. Farmers have adopted a spacing of 2.5 X 4.5 m. Closer spacing increases disease and pest incidence.CaringPomegranate plants are generally very strong and hardy. They require relatively less caring. But taking additional caring will help the plants to grow well and produce more. Here we are trying to describe the top caring process of pomegranate plants.FertilizingApply 5-6 kg farmyard manure to one year old plant. Apply Nitrogen (urea) at the rate of 50 grams per plant every year in two equal splits. Try to give the first dose in March and second dose in April. Start applying urea at the rate of 250 grams per plant after 5 years.Watering/IrrigationApplying irrigation timely is very important. Apply water at the interval of 10-15 days in summer and in winter increase irrigation interval upto 20-25 days.MulchingMulching is very beneficial for retaining moisture into the soil. It also help to prevent the growth of weeds. You can use organic materials as mulch.WeedingMulching will help to stop most of the weeds. Although additional weeding is required if you notice weeds.Pruning & TrainingTraining and pruning help in growth of fresh and healthy shoots. It removes old also disease branches and avoids overcrowding of branches. It also maintains proper shape of the plant.Pests, Diseases, DisordersLike many other commercial crops, the pomegranate plants are susceptible to some pests, diseases and other problems. Here we are trying to describe more about these.Diseases & Their ControlThe main diseases of the pomegranate plants reported are fruit rot and leaf spot. Application of Mancozeb (2g./l.) during rainy season in case of the former and application of Kavach (2g./l) and Carbendazim/Thiophanate methyl/Baycor/Benomyl (1g./l.) during September/October in case of the latter has been found to be effective in most cases.Pests & Their ControlCommon insect pets of the pomegranate plants are mealy bugs, aphids, fruit borer, fruit sucking moths and white fly. Spraying with dimethoate , deltamethrin or malathion etc. depending upon the type of pest infestation has been found to be effective in most cases.DisordersFruit cracking is a serious disorder. This physiological disorder observed in young fruits is due to boron deficiency and that in fully grown fruits is mainly due to moisture imbalances. Tolerant varieties may be cultivated and in other cases spraying with calcium hydroxide soon after fruit set has been found to be beneficial.HarvestingFruits gets mature within 5-6 months after flowering. Start harvesting when the fruit's color changes from green to light yellow or red. Changing of color from green to yellow or red is the indicator of fruit ripening, and it is the optimum time for harvesting. Avoid delay in harvesting as it will lead to fruit cracking and thus leads to yield loss.Post-HarvestingThe fruits can be stored in shades for about one week after harvesting. It will help in hardening of fruit skin. So that less damage is observed in transportation. Grading is essential before marketing. And the fruits are generally graded according to weight.YieldExact amount depends on many different factors. A grown up and well kept pomegranate tree should give about 100 to 150 fruits per year.MarketingMarketing pomegranate is very easy and simple. The majority of the producers sell their products either through trade agents at the village level or commission agents at the market. You can also target selling in your local or any nearest market.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful pomegranate farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

Papaya farming is a common and popular business in many countries around the world from the ancient time. It is a very popular and nutritious fruit which has numerous health benefits. It is also known as Papaw or Pawpaw in some areas.Papaya actually is the plant Carica papaya and it is one of the 22 accepted species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae. Origin of the papaya is in the tropics of the Americas (perhaps from Central America and southern Mexico).Papaya is actually a small, sparsely branched tree, usually with a single stem growing from 16 to 33 feet tall, with spirally arranged leaves confined to the top of the trunk. The lower trunk is conspicuously scarred where leaves and fruit were borne.The leaves of the papaya plant are deeply palmately lobed with 7 lobes, large in size 20-28 inches in diameter. The fruit is a large berry about 5.9 to 17.7 inches long and 3.9 to 11.8 inches in diameter.The fruits ripe when it feels soft, when it's skin has attained an amber to orange hue and along the walls of the large central cavity are attached numerous black seeds.Currently papaya farming is very common and the fruit is being cultivated throughout the world. It is mainly used as a fruit, but in some countries it is also used as a vegetable.Papaya plants grow in three types: male, female and hermaphrodite. The female produces small, inedible fruits unless pollinated with pollen from the males. While the male plants only produces pollen, never fruit.But the hermaphrodite type of papaya plants can self-pollinate since it's flowers contain both male stamens and female ovaries. Most of the commercial producers prefer only hermaphrodites types for profitable papaya farming business.Papaya was actually originated from Central America, but now it is cultivated in most of the tropical countries. Global production of papayas was 13.3 million tonnes in the year of 2018, led by India with 45% of the world total.Global production of papaya grew significantly over the early 21st century, mainly as a result of increased production in India and demand by the United States.Nutritional Value of PapayaPapaya is very nutritious and it is very good for health. Papaya leaves have been used in traditional medicine as a treatment of malaria, an abortifacient, a purgative or smoked to relieve asthma.Raw papaya pulp contain 11% carbohydrates, 88% water and negligible amount of protein and fat. A 100 grams raw papaya pulp serving provides significant amount of vitamin C (about 75% of DV), 43 kilocalories, and a moderate source of folate (10% of DV).Papaya is loaded with antioxidants that can reduce inflammation, fight disease and help to keep you looking young. It is a highly nutritious fruit for all aged people.Health Benefits of PapayaAs we you can see above, "papaya is a highly nutritious fruit" and it is also an incredibly healthy tropical fruit.There are many health benefits of consuming papaya on a regular basis. Here we are trying to describe the top health benefits of consuming papaya.- Papaya contain healthy antioxidants known as carotenoids, particularly one type called lycopene. It is high vitamins A and C, as well as fiber and healthy plant compounds.- Papaya contains an enzyme called 'papain', which is used to tenderize meat.- Papaya has powerful antioxidant effects, which may reduce oxidative stress and lower your risk of several diseases.- According to some previous research 'antioxidants in papaya may reduce the risk of cancer and perhaps even slow cancer progression.- Papaya is a great fruit which is high in vitamins, especially vitamin C. And it's lycopene content with vitamin C can improve hearth health and may reduce the risk of heart diseases.- Papayas are very high in carotenoids that can reduce inflammation. Chronic inflammation is at the root of many diseases.- Papaya is high in fiber and may improve digestion. It has been shown to improve constipation and other symptoms of IBS.- Most of the parts of this fruit are usable. The seeds and other parts of the plant have also been used to treat ulcers.- Papaya fruits helps to protect against skin damage. And the powerful antioxidants in papaya can help your skin recover from sun damage and may defend against wrinkling.- Papaya are actually a delicious fruit and you can enjoy it in many different ways. It is very tasty and is best enjoyed ripe. It can also be eaten raw alone or easily combined with other foods.Advantages/Benefits of Papaya Farming BusinessCommercial papaya farming is a very easy and lucrative business. Growing papaya plants is very easy and the beginners can also start this business easily.Large scale papaya farming is a very popular business in many countries. Here we are trying to describe more about the top advantages of papaya farming business.- Commercial papaya farming is a pretty old business, and many people are already doing this business.- Making high profits from commercial papaya farming is possible, and many people are doing this. So, you don't have to worry much about starting and operating this business.- It's very easy to grow papaya plants. Although, we recommend having practical training before starting. Doing this will help you to produce more and make good profits.- Learning from existing farmers will help you to run this business smoothly.- Capital requirements are relatively low as compared to other fruit or crop farming business. But the returns are very high.- Both demand and value of papaya are good in the market.- You can sell both green and ripe papaya depending on price and demand in your area.- Both green and ripe papayas have good demand in the market, so you don't have to worry much about marketing your products.- Price of the ripe papayas is much higher then the green papayas.- Caring the papaya plants is relatively easy and require less labor.- Commercial papaya farming is highly profitable, so it can be a great employment source for the unemployed people. Especially for the educated unemployed people.- Papayas are very nutritious and have numerous health benefits. And you can enjoy the fruit in many different ways.- You can enjoy fresh papaya if you start your own papaya farming business. :)How to Start Papaya Farming BusinessAs we have mentioned previously 'papaya farming is very easy and simple', so you can start immediately even if you are a beginner. The plants generally require less caring.Although, we recommend learning practically from existing farmers before starting commercial production. Here we are describing more about profitable papaya farming business from planting, caring to harvesting and marketing.Site SelectionPapaya plants can be grown in almost all types of soils, except sandy and sticky or heavy clay soils. Roots of the papaya plants are very sensitive to water-logging or standing water.As less as 2 days of submergence can be fatal for these plants. Water accumulates during high rainfall in heavy soils, and diseases like foot rot and root rot occur, which may cause the plantation to be wiped out in a short time.So, try to select a slightly sloppy land which is perfectly leveled. And the selected land must have to be fertile. High soils of the hilly region is best suited for papaya farming, being well drained in organic matter.Avoid commercial papaya production in sandy or heavy soil. pH level of the soil ranging from 6.5 to 7.0 is considered best for papaya farming business.Land PreparationPreparing the land perfectly is very important for successful papaya farming business. Because, very well prepared land is required for papaya farming.Leveling is required to bring the soil to fine tilth. Apply enough farm yard manure at the time of last ploughing, and then your land is ready for the papaya plants.Climate RequirementPapaya is actually a tropical fruit that grows well in the mild sub-tropical regions (up to 1000 meters above sea level). Deep, well drained sandy loam soil with warm climate is considered idea for commercial cultivation of papaya.Night temperature below 12° C to 14° C for several hours during winter season affects the growth and production of papaya plants. These plants are very much sensitive to frost, strong winds and water stagnation.Varieties/CultivarsGenerally two kinds of papayas are grown. One type has sweet, red or orange flesh, and the other type has yellow flesh. These two types are normally called 'red papaya' and 'yellow papaya' respectively.The large-fruited, red-fleshed Maradol, Sunrise and Caribbean Red papaya varieties are often sold in the United State markets. And these types are commonly grown in Mexico and Belize.There are also many hybrids available. But you should choose those breeds which grow well in your area. You can consult with your local producers for having better recommendations.Purchase Seeds/PlantsThe papaya plants are propagated through seeds. For commercial papaya production, you can prepare the seedlings in polythene bags (having dimensions of 25 X 10cm). In these polythene’s, 8-10 holes are done having 1mm diameter on lower part for proper drainage of water.Then fill the bags with equal proportions of FYM, soil and sand. And then sow the seeds in polythene bags. Treat the seeds with Captan before sowing at the rate of 3 grams per kg seeds.PlantingPlanting papaya plants is very easy and simple. For commercial production, the papaya plants are propagated through seeds in polythene bags (seed rate is 250 to 300 grams per hectare).They become ready for planting in the main field when they reach between 15 and 20 cm tall. Light irrigation is required immediately after planting the transplants.Planting SeasonPapaya plants are generally planted thrice a year. First in February to March, second in June to July and then October to November.SpacingA spacing of 1.8 x 1.8 m. is normally followed for commercial papaya farming. However higher density cultivation with spacing of 1.5 x 1.5 m./ha enhances the returns to the farmer and is recommended.CaringPapaya plants generally require less caring and other management. Although, taking additional care will help the plants to grow well and produce more. Here we are trying to describe more about caring the papaya plants.FertilizingPapaya plant needs heavy doses of manures and fertilizers. Apart from the basal dose of manures (@ 10 kg./plant) applied in the pits, 200-250 g. each of N, P2O5 and K2O are recommended for getting high yield.Application of 200 g. N is optimum for fruit yield but papaya yield increases with increase in N upto 300 g. Applying adequate organic fertilizers will also ensure good production of papaya.Watering/IrrigationThe papaya plants are heavy feeders, and they require a lot of water. Fix the irrigation schedule depending on the type of soil and weather conditions in your region. Provide protective irrigation in the first year of planting.During the second year, irrigation is provided at fortnightly interval in winter and at an interval of 10 days in summer. Basin system of irrigation is mostly followed. In areas having low rainfall, sprinkler or drip system can be adopted.MulchingMulching helps to retain moisture into the soil and also prevent weeds. You can use organic materials as mulch, such as straw, hay etc.WeedingWeeds will consume nutrients from the soil and your papaya plants will suffer. So, control weeds timely. You can use either manual or chemical methods for controlling weeds.Inter-croppingIntercropping leguminous crops after non-leguminous ones, shallow rooted crops after deep rooted ones are beneficial. But no intercrops are taken after the onset of flowering stage.Removal of Male PlantsAbout 10% of the male plants are kept in the orchards for good pollinatino where dioecious varieties are cultivated. You can uproot the extra male plants as soon as the female plants start to flower.Diseases & Their ControlLike many other commercial crops, the papaya plants are also susceptible to many diseases. Here we are describing about the top diseases of papaya plants.Papaya MosaicThe symptoms of the papaya mosaic disease appear on top young leaves of the plants. Spraying with Malathion at the rate of 300ml in 150ltr water will be effecting for controlling this disease.Powdery MildewCommon symptoms of powdery mildew disease are patchy, white powdery growth on the upper surface of leaves and also on main stem of infected plant. This disease can be controlled by spraying of Thiophanate methyl 70% WP at the rate of 300 grams in 150-160ltr water per acre.Root Rot/WiltRoot rot or wilt disease causes rotting of roots which ultimately result in plant wilting. Drenching with Saaf at the rate of 400gm in 150ltr water will be effective for controlling this disease.Stem RotWater like wet spots are seen on plant stem. The symptoms get spread on all sides of the plant. Plant leaves fall apart before it is fully developed. Spraying the plants with M-45 at the rate of 300gm in 150ltr water will be effective for controlling this disease.Pests & Their ControlAphid and fruit fly are the common pest of papaya plants. Here we are describing more abut these two common pests of the papaya plants.AphidAphids suck the sap of the plant and also help in spreading specific disease in plants. Spraying with Malathion at the rate of 300ml in 150ltr water will be effective for controlling this pest.Fruit FlyThe female fruit fly lay eggs in the mesocarop, after hatching the maggots feed themselves on fruit pulp which will destroy the fruit. You can spray with Malathion at the rate of 300ml in 150ltr water for controlling this pest.HarvestingGenerally the papaya fruits are harvested when they are of full size, light green in color with tinge of yellow at apical end. But fruits of certain varieties turn yellow on ripening, while some of them remain green.When the latex ceases to be milky and become watery, the fruits are suitable for harvesting.Post-HarvestingGrading, storage, packing and transportation are post-harvesting tasks. The fruits are generally graded on the basis of their weight, size and color.The papayas are highly perishable in nature. They can be stored for a period of 1-3 weeks at a temperature of 10° C to 13° C, and 85% to 90% relative humidity.Road transport by trucks or lorries is the most convenient mode of transport due to easy approach from the papaya field to the market.YieldIt's very hard to tell the exact number. The economic life of papaya plant is only 3-4 years. The yield varies widely according to variety, soil, climate and management of the orchard.Average yield of 75-100 tonnes per hectare is obtained in a season depending on spacing and cultural practices.MarketingThis is the most important part of papaya farming business. Your production will not be profitable if you can't market your products well. So, determine the marketing strategies before starting this business. Most of the farmers generally dispose off their produce to the wholesalers and middleman at the farm gate.These are the common steps and ways for commercial papaya farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!