#constructed langauges

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Part 1: Phonology and Phonetics

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There are about 17 consonant sounds to Asisahala

And there are 5 vowels;

Phonetic Summary

Onset: m n p b t d sh x r h s z f v k g

R Cluster: hr mr nr fr lr vr pr dr kr shr xr

K Clusters: ky nk mk sk

Nucleus: a e i o u

Nucleus Cluster (a): aa ai

Nucleus Cluster (i): ii ia

Nucleus Cluster (o): oe

Nucleus Cluster (e): ei

Nucleus Cluster (u): ue ua

Coda: l n r k shs v

Coda Cluster: ss nn

(Some of these spaces are left blank to leave room for myself to continue creating new words. When I think I have enough combos, I'll stick to the combos I created)

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Part 2: Word Order and Compounding

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SVO Primary - The cat jumps over the tree

SOV Secondary - The cat, over the log jumps

Demonstrative - Noun

Numeral - Noun | This goat

Possessive - Noun| Your goat

Noun - Adjective | Goat big

Noun - Genitives | The sandwich of the goat (not, the goat’s sandwich)

Noun - Relative Clauses | The goat, who ate the sandwich is thick

Verb - Auxiliary | Go must (I go must | I must go)

Verb - Subordinate Verb | Went to buy (vs. to buy went)

Adjective - Adverb | Big really (really big)

Yes/No Particles - Final (End of a sentence)

Question Words - Final (End of a sentence)

Proper Noun - Common Noun | state Kansas instead of Kansas State

Modifier Order: Quantity - Opinion - Age - Size - Origin - Color - Material - Purpose + Noun

Modifier Example:Two pretty old large dutch white cotton goats.

Compounds: Forest (tree-place -> place tree)

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Part 3: Noun Class

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Asitatu has a very simple animate vs. inanimate noun class distinction. While a vast majority of nouns will go where you think it will (rocks are inanimate, but squirrels are animate), religious and social implications have created a few oddities. This is true in the case of fire which is considered animate and water happens to be situational.

Animate - Sun, moon, cat, wind, breath, dog

Inanimate - Rock, tree, snail, dirt, bedding

Now one thing to understand is that when it comes to living beings, it’s the soul that’s considered to be animate and mobile. As a result, when a being dies, the corpse itself is referred to as an inanimate object.

Viŕihem agaan vs. Viŕiki helaan

Green-ANI Eye-PL Green-INANI Leaf-PL

The animate modifier is: -he(m)

The inanimate modifier is: -ki(m)

The optional -m at the end of both affixes depends on the sound of the following word. If the next word starts with a vowel, then the -m comes in.

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Part 4: Grammatical Number

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Asitatu keeps grammatical number simplistic. There are three numbers that are inflected for - Singular, Plural and Paucal nouns.

Singular Nouns are mostly left blank, so an unmarked nouns like say Akush (friend) are always assumed to be singular.

Paucal nouns forms signify that there are a few of a thing - this can vary based on culture what “a few” is but the most accepted version of this is 2-4 things. Akushal (a few friends) -al

Plural noun forms are many of the thing - anything more than you’d identify as a few. Akusha (friends). -a(n)

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Part 5: Tense and Aspect

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Asitatu is rather simple when it comes to its tenses - it has a very simple past vs. non-past distinction at it’s core with the “distant past” being more of a storyteller’s tense implying a time long ago, usually along the lines of demigods.

Here's an example using the verb, -kori (to run)

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Part 6: Mood and Modality

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There are only two grammatical moods to Asisahala - Imperative and Optative used for commands and hopes respectively. 

Imperative: -ŕo 

Optative: -va

Both markers are left at the end of a sentence albeit, they can be used multiple times to convey emphasis.

Example: Taver-ŕo! (Dance!)

This is considered a light command - more playful than forceful and creatures though creatures will be inclined to go along with it. Something more like;

Yetaver-ŕo! Is forceful and translate to sometime like, “you must dance.”

The opitive marker -va can go on either the verb or at the end of a sentence.

Hravani siŕa sahraka-va (I hope rain comes)

Hravani-va sahraka (I hope rain comes)

This is mostly down to flow and emphasis - putting it at the end is usually a common wish while putting it on the verb is really emphasizing the action. The first one is hoping for rain in general while the second example is sincerely eager for rain to come.

Extra emphasis can be given when both the verb and the end of the sentence are marked.

Hravani-va sahraka-va (I really hope rain comes)

This sentence is desperate - maybe the speaker has been suffering from a drought in their home.

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Part 7: Pronouns

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The pronouns of Asitatu are among the most complex feature you’ll come across in the language. First and foremost, the pronouns are divided into two variations - Mortal and Divine. The mortal pronouns are used exactly as you’d imagine - they’re your common, everyday pronouns that everyone uses.

Separate from the mortal pronouns are the divine pronouns. These are frequently called the Prayer Set as they’re mostly used in prayers and rituals for the gods. The royal family is technically allowed to use this set but most consider it tacky and self-righteous to do so.

As such, when the royal family uses the Prayer Set, it's a very serious situation such as in an execution or a public sentencing.

Alongside the independent forms of the pronouns are the dependent forms that are tacked onto a verb. It's more common for speakers to use the dependent forms when being relaxed or casual and the independent forms when they're being more formal.

Like the independent forms, the pronouns are broken into two groups - Mortal and Divine.

This is the Mortal Set;

And this is the Divine Set;

Now these are the normal forms but there are also possessive pronouns however, unlike the basic pronouns, there isn’t a dependent form.

These are the mortal possessives;

And these are the divine possessives;

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Part 9: Articles and Demonstratives

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The articles of Asitatu are actually very simple. For one, there are only definite articles and anything left bare is considered a general noun. It looks like;

Ta is the definite singular article and refers to a specific noun.

Ta mifra (the cat) vs. Mifra (any cat)

Na is the definite paucal noun.

Na mifraal (the few cats) vs. Mifraal (a few cats)

Ba is the plural definite noun - referring to a large group of any objects.

Ba mifraan (the cats) vs. Mifraan (cats)

The demonstratives have a trial distinction - near, medial and distal although there are no inherent grammatical number distinctions like in English (e.g. this cat = one cat and those cats = many cats).

Yi mifra - this cat ifra - that cat Neya mifra - yonder cat