#computerhardwares

In this chapter, we would be learning how to install an Operation System and and a Linux OS

To begin with, an operation system is a software that holds up the computer’s basic functions such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals. The purpose of an operation system is that, it manages the computer’s memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows everyone to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer’s language.

There are a lots of kinds of operation system like Windows, Apple, etc.. , but we would be focusing on the Linux Operation System. The Linux is a huge category, because there are a lot of Linux available to address different types of users. Linux Operating Systems are normally an open source, sometimes with corporate support, making programmers participate to develop and maintain the operation systems.

Overview by Catot, S.

Installing Linux Operating System using CentOS or Community ENTerprise Operating System.

CentOS is an open source free GNU Linux distribution which aims to be functionally compatible with its upstream source, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Download the program CentOS from their website https://www.centos.org/ or boot Computer with CentOS 6.3 OS Installation CD/DVD. After doing so, follow these steps to install Linux Operating System Software using CentOS :

1. Select Install or Upgrade existing system options.

2. Choose skip media test as it may take long time to check media.

3. CentOS 6.3 Welcome Screen press Next.

4. Language Selection.

5. Select appropriate Keyboard

6. Select Basic Storage Device if your hard drive is attached locally.

7. You may get Storage Device warning, you can click Yes, discard any data button to Continue.

8. Give a Hostname to the server and click on Configure Networkbutton if you want to configure network while installation.

9. Click Wired tab and click on Add button.

10. Select Connect Automatically, go to ipv4 settings tab and select Method and select Manual in drop down. Click on Add tab to fill address box with IP Address, Netmask, Gateway and DNS Server.

11. Select Time Zone.

12. Give a root password.

13. Select appropriate partitioning as per your requirement.

14. Verify filesystem. Here, you can edit filesystem If you want.

15. Disk Format Warning, click on Format.

16. Select Write Changes to disk.

17. Hard Drive is Formatting.

18. Here, you can give Boot loader Password for better security.

19. Select the applications you want to install, you can choose Customize now and click Next.

20. Select the applications you want to install and click Next.

21. Installation started, this may take several minutes as per selection of packages.

22. Installation completed, Please remove CD/DVD and reboot system.

23. Welcome to CentOS 6.3 Login Screen.

24. CentOS 6.3 Desktop Screen.

Article by Dimson, J.

New and modern blueprint architectures in computer have excelled and surpassed industry standards and expectations. Boundaries in the field of Digital Systems Application which were once viewed as basics in the field have now been broken. Some of the reasons and advantages of this digital systems are the following; ease of programmability, reduction in cost of hardware, high reliability, and the design is easy for users. In addition, Avionics, Automobile Digital Systems, Medical Electronic Equipment, Telecommunications, and Automated Manufacturing are examples of these innovations. More so, this systems are to be further discussed.

An overview by Diamartin, A.

Computer technology is rapidly evolving and one of those technologies are avionics. Avionics are the electronic systems used in aircrafts, satellites and spacecraft. These electronic systems are communication, navigation, monitoring, aircraft management systems and much more. First, the origins of avionics dated back during the World War II wartime developments where big countries such as UK, Germany and United States compete in having the best aircrafts with the aircraft systems. For example, the radar was developed during the war and autopilot systems were made so that bomber planes can easily target their enemies while not simultaneously piloting the aircraft.

Now let's proceed to the actual avionics starting off with communication. Communication is straight forward, it helps you communicate with the flight deck, the ground and the passengers. Same as with navigation, it helps you navigate in the air so that you can get to your destination. Aircraft flight-control systems such as autopilot makes your job easier because it helps you control the aircraft. Collision-avoidance systems and weather systems detect disturbances or if there is something wrong during the flight.

Article by Javelona, J.

What are Automotive Digital Systems (ADS)?

​Ever wondered if your car has electronics? Well quick fact, Electronic systems have become an increasingly large component of the cost of an automobile, from only around 1% of its value in 1950 to around 30% in 2010. Automotive electronics are electronic systems used in road vehicles, such as: engine management, ignition, radio, carputers, telematics, in-car entertainment systems and others. It has different functions like lighting, electrical, and electronic components where Digital Systems are applied.

​Engine Electronics, an example of ADS, monitor and control many engine parameters in real-time which could be 20-50 factors and they are temperature, pressure, engine speed and other elements within the engine. Engine electronics originated from the need to control engines. The first electronic pieces were used to control engine functions and were referred to as engine control units. It is complex, demanding and it requires the highest processor speed available to control Fuel injection rate, Emission control, Regeneration of oxidation catalytic converter, Turbocharger control, Cooling system control, Throttle control.

​Chassis Electronics, another example of ADS, has a lot of sub-systems which monitors various parameters of the car especially for safety and common like the:

ABS - Anti-lock Braking System

TCS – Traction Control System

EBD – Electronic Brake Distribution

ESP – Electronic Stability Program

​To help the Driver in the driving process for ease, convenience, and safety, there come the presence of Driving Assistance Systems (DAS) like Cruise Control, Blind Spot Detection, Park Assist System, Speed Assist Systems, Traffic Warning, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Smartphones Connect. For the Passenger’s Comfort there are: to help in giving the best driving experience together with Audio and Video and Navigation Systems for Entertainment.

1. Automatic climate control

2. Electronic seat adjustment with memory

3. Automatic wipers

4. Automatic headlamps - adjusts beam automatically

5. Automatic cooling - temperature adjustment

Article by Remollo, JV

What is a Medical Electronic Equipment?

A Medical Electronic Equipment also known as armamentarium is designed to aid in the analysis, monitoring or treatment of medical conditions. Most of this equipment utilizes computers are in the area of medical imaging machines which are used to aid in diagnosis. Because of the help of technology we can diagnose our medical patients with ease.

Some of this equipment is medical monitoring devices which are used by the medical staff to measure a patient’s medical state. ECG (Electrocardiography) measures the activity of the heart; EEG (Electroencephalography) which monitors the activity of the brain and blood pressure are few examples of the modern medical monitoring devices. Medical ventilators, dialysis, and heart lung machines are medical life support equipment which is used to keep the body of the patient working. LASIK surgical machines, computer aided micro surgery, and medical lasers are treatment equipment used for the correction of eyes which can make your eyesight good as new.

Improving quality of life is one of the main benefits of integrating new innovations into medicine. Medical technologies like minimally-invasive surgeries, better monitoring systems, and more comfortable scanning equipment are allowing patients to spend less time in recovery and more time enjoying a healthy lifestyle. Because of the age of technology we are reaching new heights that can possibly cure diseases as well as developing new drugs and medicine that can lessen symptoms or treat ailments.

Article by Jamero, J.

​Over the years, communication has advanced in the same way technology has advanced. From the training of homing pigeons to the invention of the telephone, to the creation of the internet, telecommunication has evolved through the years; telecommunication now is a very important tool in today’s situation, connecting with people around the world, exchanging information with the swipe of a finger, all because of this. And as technology advances, telecommunication becomes one of the most important advancements today.

​The internet is the greatest example of a telecommunications network. The internet allows the data to travel all over the world almost immediately. This gives way to other means of communication such as social media sites and online video chats which gives people opportunities to connect with people over the world, organize social engagements, and even courtships. This makes the internet one of the most revolutionary and versatile advancements to telecommunication to date.

​Another example of telecommunication is Mobile Communications. Through this, information can now be instantly relayed from one place to another with ease using a cellular network. The use of short message service (SMS) allows ease of communication without internet. People can apply for data packages that allow them to communicate with others and access the internet if necessary.

Other examples include Television and Radio Broadcasting. This became an important medium of broadcasting to the world because it could send signals across the globe and through these signals it could send information far and wide into the comfort of someone’s home. This gives opportunities to news and economics by making news channels and advertisements possible.

In conclusion, telecommunication is truly one of the most important advancements today. Its impact on both the economy and social lives of the people make it a staple of the modern world. From advertisements to social media to entertainment, telecommunication has become one of the most influential tools in today’s day and age.

Article by Ledesma, J.