The invasive weed, which makes wildfires more damaging, may be vulnerable to a naturally occurring soil bacterium.
The Palouse region of eastern Washington state, near Pullman, where cheatgrass lines the roads and inhabits the wheat fields of the area, diminishing the wheat crop. Credit Ruth Fremson/The New York Times
I just spent this morning with a group of high school kids on a climate change study project on a parcel in the high desert. One of the invasive grasses that littered the parcel, and on every other parcel on which I’ve volunteered in this climate change project, is cheatgrass, or brome. (The other favorite is Russian thistle, or tumbleweed.......with little stickers that hurt like shit when you try to remove the thing.)
Cheatgrass could vie for the title of the most successful invasive species in North America. The weed lives in every state, and is the dominant plant on more than 154,000 square miles of the West, by one estimate.
The sins of cheatgrass are many. Its tenacious seeds lodge in the eyes and gums of livestock (not to mention the ears of pets and the socks of hikers). Even a moderate infestation in a wheat field can reduce yields by up to half.
Its profusion is a big reason today’s Western fires burn more land, more frequently and with more ferocity than in the past, scientists say. Unlike well-spaced native bunchgrasses, cheatgrass — its scientific name is Bromus tectorum, or downy brome — crowds tightly together and then dies early each summer to form dense mats of tinder.
Ann Kennedy, a soil scientist with the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, has discovered naturally occurring soil bacteria that inhibit the growth of the weed’s deep root system, its competitive advantage, even as those bacteria leave native plants untouched.