Cold Showers: Truths and Benefits According to Science
Ice-cold showers have in recent years transformed from a “tough habit” of a few into a global wellness trend. From influencers to professional athletes and CEOs, more and more people swear by the benefits of cold exposure: improved mood, stronger immune system, increased energy, and even… longevity. However, when a practice goes viral, reality often mixes with exaggeration. Are ice-cold showers a real “biohack” or just a placebo that makes us feel stronger? The answer, as is often the case in science, is neither entirely positive nor entirely negative. Cold exposure is a form of stress for the body. But not necessarily harmful stress. On the contrary, if done correctly, it can act as an adaptive stimulus—a phenomenon known as hormesis, where small doses of stress make the body more resilient. Modern research is trying to understand precisely when, how much, and for whom cold exposure can be beneficial. And most importantly, what is actually true beyond the myths. What happens to the body when you step into cold water The first contact with cold is a shock. Literally. The body reacts immediately with increased breathing, accelerated heart rate, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This triggers the release of hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are associated with alertness and the “fight or flight” response. The result is that characteristic feeling of tension but also heightened wakefulness that many describe after a cold shower. At the same time, the body tries to maintain its core temperature by reducing blood flow to the extremities and redirecting it to vital organs. This process affects circulation and can contribute to a feeling of invigoration. At the cellular level, cold exposure activates adaptation mechanisms such as the production of proteins that protect cells from stress and increased mitochondrial activity. The hormesis theory: Why “A little stress” is beneficial The main scientific explanation behind the potential benefits of ice-cold showers is hormesis. This phenomenon occurs when a mild stressor activates repair and strengthening mechanisms in the body. Cold acts like a “workout” for the body. It does not cause harm (when controlled), but forces the body to become more efficient at handling stressors. This explains why many people feel “tougher” mentally and physically with regular cold exposure. It is not just psychological—there is a real biological basis. However, hormesis has limits. More does not mean better. Excessive cold exposure can have the opposite effect, overloading the body. Immune system: Strengthened or myth? One of the most popular claims is that ice-cold showers “boost the immune system.” What does science say? A recent randomized study found that daily cold-water exposure for 90 days increased levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines, indicating enhanced immune response. Similarly, a large study in the Netherlands showed that people who took cold showers had 29% fewer days off due to illness, although they did not necessarily get sick less often This is critical: cold showers do not appear to prevent infections, but may help the body respond better when infections occur. Nevertheless, the scientific community remains cautious. Some reviews note that the evidence is still limited and insufficient to claim strong, clinically significant benefits. Mental health and mood: The most evident benefit If there is one area where ice-cold showers show clearer effects, it is mental well-being. Cold exposure increases dopamine and noradrenaline, neurotransmitters associated with mood, energy, and focus. This explains why many people feel euphoria or “mental clarity” after a cold shower. Moreover, the very act—doing something difficult every day—builds mental resilience. It creates a sense of control and discipline that carries over into other areas of life. Although data are still limited, there is some evidence that cold exposure may help reduce anxiety and mild depression symptoms. Metabolism and fat burning: Exaggeration or reality? Another popular claim is that ice-cold showers “burn fat.” The truth is more nuanced. Cold activates brown adipose tissue, which consumes energy to produce heat. This theoretically increases calorie expenditure. However, most impressive results come from prolonged and intense cold exposure (e.g., ice baths for hours), which bears no relation to a short daily shower. In practice, the metabolic effect of a daily cold shower is minimal and cannot replace diet and exercise. Post-exercise recovery: Helpful or harmful? Cold exposure is widely used by athletes for recovery, mainly through ice baths. Cold can reduce inflammation and muscle soreness after intense exercise. However, there is an important detail: inflammation is part of the muscle-building process. Some studies show that systematic cold use after workouts may reduce muscle hypertrophy. In other words, it may help recovery but limit muscle growth. For the average person, a short cold shower likely has negligible positive or negative effects. Risks and who should be cautious Although ice-cold showers are generally safe for healthy individuals, they are not for everyone. Sudden cold exposure can raise blood pressure and strain the heart. People with cardiovascular problems, respiratory conditions, or cold sensitivity should be especially careful. Excessive exposure can also lead to hypothermia or other complications, especially in extreme forms like prolonged ice baths. The basic rule is simple: gradual adaptation and moderation. So, are ice-cold showers worth it? Science does not support ice-cold showers as a “magic solution.” They will not grant superhuman abilities or fully protect against illness. However, they appear to offer some real benefits: - They can improve mood and alertness - Enhance stress resilience - Possibly help the immune system respond better - Are a simple, free habit with no special cost On the other hand, many of the more sensational claims are exaggerated or not sufficiently supported by data. A simple habit with realistic expectations Ice-cold showers are neither a myth nor a miracle. They are a tool. And like any tool, their value depends on how and why you use them. If you see them as a way to “wake up” your body, improve your mood, and strengthen your discipline, then yes—they have a place in your routine. If you expect dramatic health or body transformations, science clearly advises keeping expectations modest. Ultimately, the greatest benefit may not be biological but psychological: the ability to do something difficult every day—and come out a little stronger. Read the full article
