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Biomedical Importance of Momordica Cochinchinensis (Gac) Fruit and Future Applications by Tien Huynh* in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.001693.php

Momordica cochinchinensis is a cucurbit that has long been neglected resulting in its widespread loss from wild habitats. Scientific research has highlighted its biomedical potential as a superior source of nutrition and medicine, with potent activity against various ailments including cancers. This mini review focuses on recent advances and showcases the bioactive compounds to scientifically validate its usefulness and inspire future applications. Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng is geographically restricted to tropical climates predominantly in Southeast Asia with wild populations both genetically and morphologically diverse Wimalasiri et al. [1]. Vernacular names throughout Australasia to Europe suggest its historical significance and widespread occurrence Lim but its importance was often downgraded by the majority of the community as a common and inexpensive food crop. Scientific validation has highlighted and elevated the importance of the fruit and has rejuvenated the crop for future developments locally and internationally. The aril of M. cocnincninensis contains the highest levels of nutritionally important carotenoids of all known fruits and vegetables, with more than 150 and 200 times the level of lycopene and p-carotene than that found in tomatoes and carrots, respectively Gul et al. [2]; Javanmardi & Kubota Vuong and King, Wimalasiri et al. 

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Hypoxia and Hypercapnia: Sensory and Effector Mechanisms by Kulchitsky Vladimir* in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.001692.php

Human life is determined by plenty of factors, and normal oxygen environment is one of the most important. Mammals and human have obtained specific receptors during the evolution. These receptors are located in blood vessels and tissues and react on hypoxic stimulus [1-3]. Arterial system has the highest density of peripheral chemoreceptors which react on oxygen (O2) content change in the internal milieu [1]. Chemoreceptors located in carotid body in the area of carotid arteries bifurcation are the most important [2-5]. Significant part of cardiac output heads via carotid and vertebral arteries to brain, and strategically vital localization of those receptors in carotid body allows them to determine O2 content in blood almost instantly during each output. Some scientist's associate metabolism of mitochondria in carotid body cells with cellular depolarization in order to explain how is signaling to brain initiates [3]. Therefore, brain instantly receives information about blood saturation with O2 by carotid sinus nerve from chemoreceptor cells in carotid body. And this information outruns the one about O2 content which reaches brain via blood vessels. This first information is important for making a quick decision about necessity of corrections of respiratory and vasomotor functions to maintain optimal respiratory homeostasis. When incoming by carotid sinus nerve data does not correspond to genetically and evolutionally stated optimal O2 saturation in arterial blood, the mechanisms aimed at activation of lung ventilation and cardiovascular activity are triggered in brain stem. Moreover, suprabulbar mechanisms form specific locomotors behavior and emotional reactions in hypoxia.

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The De-Quervain Tenosynovitis: Literature Review by Joseph Bakhach* in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.001691.php

De Quervain tenosynovitis is a chronic, debilitating condition that is more common in females. Multiple modalities of treatment have been proposed and no definitive guidelines have been set yet. In this paper, we present the different treatment options for this condition. Non-surgical treatment consists mainly of anti-inflammatories, steroids and splinting. Surgically, different techniques have been described but with limited success. However, the authors of this paper have introduced a new technique the "fi” Omegaplasty that is very promising in treating this chronic condition. All the extensor muscles of the forearm have a common origin known as the lateral epicondyle of the Humerus. In order to extend the wrist or the thumb, the dorsal (extensor) muscles of the forearm must contract. At the level of the wrist, the tendons of these muscles will separate into six different compartments. Each one of these compartments will be encased in a fibro-osseous sheath [1]. De Quervain tenosynovitis is a rheumatological condition caused by the entrapment of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. This first compartment includes the tendon of both the Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL) and Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB) [1]. It was first described in 1895 by Fritz de Quervain as a "stenosing fibrous tendovaginitis” which is a non-inflammatory thickening of the tendons [1]. It is a common cause of wrist pain in adults and can become debilitating. Patients will usually complain of tenderness at the radial side of the wrist that is referred to the thumb or the lateral forearm.

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Cognitive Processes Involved in the Motor Control of Basketball by Pablo Camacho Lazarraga* in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.001690.php

Highly skilled players execute motor skills in a variety of ways, and in many cases different from those described in the technical manuals. However, its execution is characterized in all cases by having a very high degree of effectiveness. What is the reason? Is there then more than one ideal model of movement? A more in-depth analysis of the techniques used would lead us to conclude that in the technical execution of all experts there are a few common, basic and fundamental elements. That is why we must determine those aspects that must always be carried out in the same way. We will call these elements key elements. Once these elements are detected, the practice activities must, through repetition, ensure their automation. The rest of the practice conditions must be very varied, in order to facilitate the possibility of adapting it to different contexts, that is, we must enhance the variability around the stable and repetitive execution of a series of fundamental aspects. The perfection of the automatism does not reside in the invariable linkage of the muscular actions, but, on the contrary, in its possibilities of reorganization in all the instants of the execution and in the course of the successive executions. Traditionally, the apprentice has been considered a black box system, assimilated with a computer, which was entered daily and was able to perform as expected. The individual became a mere recipient of stimuli and response system. 

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Epidemiological Study of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Youth Female Athletes in Kuwait by Mai Shaker Almaghrabi* in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.001689.php

Background: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is likely to be higher in athletic populations and groups, especially in younger female athletes, than in healthy sedentary individuals. The Aim: of this study is to determine the magnitude of this problem among athletes and identify their different dietary habits. Subjects and Methods: Across sectional study was done. The sample included 150 female players from the female clubs in Kuwait where almost all types of sports activity are practiced at level of national competition. Using structured assisted questionnaire with laboratory investigations. Results: Fifty five percent of anemic group were non-Kuwaiti, with a statistically significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference between the anemic, iron deficient and normal groups regarding the marital status and occupation, dietary pattern and habits as intake of tea and soft drinks. There were highly statistical significant differences between the three studied groups regarding blood hemoglobin (Hb), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Serum ferritin. Conclusion: A significant relation between dietary habits of female athlete. Also the logistic regression analysis reveals that increased number of soft drinks and tea drinks per day is significantly associated with high probability of having anemia.

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Distribution Pattern of Trypanosoma Lewisi in (Rattus Norvegicus) in Egypt by Eman Sayed Mohammed* in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.001688.php

Background: Trypanosoma lewisi is an extracellular hemoflagellate protozon of rats. T lewisi was not considered a pathogen for human, However, cases of human trypanosomiasis caused by T. lewisi have been reported Objective: There is little data on the prevalence of T. lewisi in Rattus norvegicus rats in Egypt, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. Lewisi in Rattus norvegicus in Abu Rawash, Giza, Egypt from November 2016 to October 2017. Materials and Methods: 117 rats were trapped around human population in Abo Rawash, Giza, Egypt. Thin and thick blood films were prepared and examined microscopically. Experimental infections of 8 white rats were done for confirmation of infection and assessment of parasitaemia. Results: 19 (15.8%) out of 117 Rattus norvegicus were found to be infected with T lewisi. Experimental infection of 8 white rats confirmed the infection with Trypanosoma lewisi and showed boost in parasitaemia till the 9th day then the level of trypanosomes in blood was constant. Conclusion: Trypanosoma lewisi is prevalent in examined Rattus norvegicus which reverse that the theory of high immunity of Rattus norvegicus will prevent infection with Trypanosma lewisi. Rodents are largest group of important animals, because they can survive in the harsh environmental condition and in several locations and live at the expense of humans, invade their dwelling, contaminated food materials, and subsequently transmit diseases to them.

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"Fluid-Fluid" levels on a Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Bone: First Case Report to the Best of Our Knowledge by Elsa López Soriano* in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.001687.php

Primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the bone is a very rare tumor with smooth muscle differentiation on immunohistochemical studies. Radiologically, LMS appears as an osteolytic lesion with aggressive features but no pathognomonic radiological findings that helps making the diagnosis. We report one case of primary LMS of the femur with fluid-fluid levels (FFLs) on the MRI, the first case to our knowledge. We consider we should include primary LMS of the bone in the differential diagnosis of "FFL” lesions. LMS is a malignant tumor comprising of spindle-shaped cells with distinctive smooth muscle cell features [1]. They are approximately 7% to 10% of all soft tissue sarcoma [2]. Most of these tumors occur frequently in uterus and soft-tissues and more rarely in bone [3-5]. The first description of a primary bone LMS in a long bone was given in 1965 [1]. Since then, to the best of our knowledge, around 130 cases of primary LMS of bone have been reported, mostly small case reports that have focused on its histological diagnosis [4]. The clinical behavior of osseous LMS is generally aggressive. Most of the published studies of LMS of the bone have reported poor prognosis with a 35% overall survival rate [6].LMS diagnosis is established by the presence of morphologically typical spindle cells with smooth muscle differentiation and the positivity of a smooth muscle actin and other muscle markers on tumor cells, such as desmin and h-caldesmon.

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