#basics of git and github

After devouring the common git terminologies, its time to get a thorough knowledge about what is GitHub, how to make a GitHub account, and about the basic git commands. So if you are the one who doesn't know about Github and how to use git, then this section is mainly for you.

Let’s create an account on GitHub

GitHub is an online open-source through which one can easily share the projects from anywhere in the World. It works perfectly in sharing and creating the data. Learn from the below images that we have shown, and we undertook with our best to make you understand how to make a GitHub account and repository.

How to sign-up in GitHub

First- for the sign-up, go to any browser, type github.com and hit enter.

Then, you will find GitHub’s home page that asks you to either login or sign-up. If you already have an account, then you can simply put your username and password.

Remember, that interface is only for those who had already an account on GitHub.

But if you're new to it, and you’re not aware, then you just need to tap over the sign-up button and simply add your details in the sign-up form given. Add your email address via you wanna run your GitHub account.

Then, using the same username and password, you can log in to your GitHub account.

After signing in, you will see the main GitHub dashboard page

*Congratulations* your account has been created and you have successfully logged in.  

Now, you might be wondering what the heck is GitHub. Right?

Don’t worry we’ll tell you what is GitHub in actual, okay! So Let’s start with GitHub.

1. What is GitHub?

GitHub is an open-source code hosting platform that is quite interesting and easy to learn. It isn't just for the developers but it's for the learners as well. GitHub provides plans for free, professional and so for beginners too. Here, the beginners must know that the GitHub projects can be simply used, and the free accounts mainly work to host the open-source.

GitHub platform designed for code hosting where the collaboration and version control can be easily done on it. It lets you and others work together on projects from anywhere.

Git serves the foundation for many services, like GitHub, Bitbucket, and GitLab, but you can handle the Git without using any other service.  

Now, do remember if you’re learning GitHub, you are learning BitBucket and GitLab simultaneously. You can use Github both privately or publicly.   Github itself holds many of the features such as,

1. It is a free and open-source platform except for some advanced tools we need to pay.

2. And Git holds the compatibility with the existing systems & protocol.

3. Git is quite fast, secure, scalable, and fully reliable.

4. Moreover, Git supports non-linear development as well.  

2. Now let's move on its common Repositories

In a Git, there are some of the commands that interact with a repository. Mainly, Git commits to the main server as a “repository”.  

The “Terminal” performs a major role in sharing and collecting data with teammates. Remember wherever you are, you can easily commit & push on the terminal even without the internet access and when the internet will access it will instantly make changes in the repository.

On the other hand, one can easily access the repository and clone the whole data through the terminal. We can use GitHub on our local systems as well by installing git software and then following some commands to do the operations.

3. How to Create a Repository

Its very simple to create a repository on GitHub. You have to simply log in to your account. There you will see a "+" icon in the title bar, just click on that icon and you will see a dropdown. Choose a new repository from the dropdown and it will take you to a new page. In that new page, you can add your repository name and other details and then hit the create repository button. Your repository will be created.

For working with the repository there are two ways. You can work on the web as well as using the terminal on your system. These two major methods play a crucial role in repository management.

On the GitHub dashboard, you will see all the options like upload files, add, remove, etc to play with your GitHub repository. Playing with GitHub using the terminal is simply for the people who like working with the terminal. If you want to use GitHub through the terminal, then you need to install git software on your system.

Moreover, the git software is available at https://git-scm.com/.

And, after installing this software, simply follow the following commands to play with Github. One significant benefit of using GitHub using the terminal is that you can push any file of larger size into your repository whereas there are some restrictions of file upload size over the web.  

Now, to create a new repository, one must need to understand the following steps.

Click on the “Create Repository”

“Add” any repository name. (here, just remember if you have spaces in your repo name, GitHub will automatically replace them with hyphens)

Then choose “public option”. You can choose the “Private option” if you don’t want your repository to be available for others.

At last “click” on the “create repository”

After creating the repository, the next dashboard would be your interface, including commands that use to push the files and other data into the repository.  

*“git init” “git add”. “git commit -m” “git remote add origin https://github.com/username/repositoryname.git tells you the path of the remote (if you have spaces in your repo name, GitHub will automatically replace them with hyphens) “git push -u origin master”

Now let’s understand what these commands state to do when you are working locally.

“Git init” creates the local empty repo and used to “initialize” it.

“Git add”. used in to “add files” or any other data

The “Git commit-m” this command is used to save your changes to the local repository.

“Git remote add origin https://github.com/username/repositoryname.git, tells you the path of the remote (if you have spaces in your repo name, GitHub will automatically replace them with hyphens)

“Git push -u origin master” used to push the files from the remote repository

Note: These commands can be used in the local or terminal repository.

4. What is a branch in GitHub?

Branches mainly separate the section or files into many other fields. Changes in the branch will not affect your main branch. The main branch can be created by the admin only and they divide the sections into many other branches.

In the later section, we will tell you about how to create branches in Github.  

How to create Branches?

As you did on GitHub, now it's time to go back to create a branch based on master. To create a branch you need to follow some of the major steps like:

First, go to GitHub and "Log in" to your account

Then it will show you the "dashboard"

"DropDown" on the Branch Master

Then "Enter" anything (eg. "test")

Now your branch is successfully created.

And if you want to "delete the branch" that seems not valuable to you then follow the below steps:

1. "Click on the Branches"

2. Choose your branch

3. It will show you the "delete icon" through you can simply delete the branch.  

5. Clone the Repository

See, when you create a repository on GitHub, it means that exists as a remote Repository. So, you can clone your repo to create a local copy on your computer and work accordingly on the project. When you work locally, no changes would happen in the actual repository.

Now, If you are unable to get the idea, then look at the below section we've explained through the simple and easy steps.

“Create” a folder on Desktop

“Open” the created folder with GitBash

Put the clone command like “git clone github.com/username/test.git”

Then hit “Enter” it will initiate the cloning process

This is a simple process of cloning the repository. You can simply clone by such steps. Now let's move on to the staging area part.

6. Staging Area  

The staging is a simple file, and it helps in reviewing the changes. It is one of the most essential processes in Git. Before the committing method, the file will be saved in the staging area. Look at the below image, you will get the idea clearly.

Conclusion

Welcome to the people. Today in this tutorial, we are proceeding to unveil some of the basics and introduction on the GitHub, it's terminologies, commands, remote and local. It would be more salutary for our team if you show kind curiosity in learning by devouring each of the crucial steps. This is just part one of the complete GitHub tutorials. In our further blogs, you will get the GitHub updates. Take a glimpse over how to learn GitHub instantly and in a better way. Acquire about the GitHub, we provided the special GitHub tutorial for beginners.

Version control system vs Git

Have you ever wondered about the Version Control in GitHub? accommodates to manage commits. It helps to manage commits. Version control system most commonly runs as stand-alone applications, but it is embedded in various types of software such as:

&

Moreover, it refers to the act of numbering the changes made in a computer program or in any document. Version Control is also known as a Revision Control System. So basically, the Version Control System is a form of repository works on the version base. Here, once the version has begun tracking a source code file system, it maintains the complete history of changes and the state of the source code throughout the project's history or the history of the overall file. A myriad of advantages the Version Control System holds. Look and get through the below section.

Centralized Repository

Revision History

Branching & tagging

Rich set of tools and Plug-ins

The learning curve is small

In a nutshell. Git encourages us to manage our project's files. It keeps track of more and more changes. Yes, on the other hand, Git is a quite mature, and actively sustained open-source project/plan creatively developed in the year 2005 by, one of the leading originators of the "".

Git serves the foundation for many services, like GitHub, Bitbucket, and GitLab, but you can handle the Git without using any other service. This means that you can use Git open source as privately or publicly. Git itself holds many of the features such as, it is a free and an open-source tool. Superiorly, Git holds the compatibility with the existing systems & protocol. Git is quite fast, secure, scalable, and fully reliable. Moreover, Git supports non-linear development as well.

After gulping about the Version Control System in comparison to the git, now get ready to take a dive into what is Remote and Local. How such terms do perform.

Local and Remote

In a Git, there are some of the commands that interact with a repository. Mainly, Git commits to the main server as a “repository”.

The “Terminal” performs a major role in sharing and collecting data with teammates. Remember wherever you are, you can easily commit & push on the terminal even without the internet access, and when it will instantly change in the repository.

On the other hand, one can easily access the clone and get the whole data through this repository & if we talk about Local, it is the one through which we can easily make the local changes by own that contains all the files to commit further.

Now, look at the commands used in the Local Repositories only to push remote repositories. git init (emphasize to initialized the empty git repository)

git add . (says to "add" any file in git)

git commit -m "files" (use in the local repo and make the changes in the local repo)

git remote add origin https://github.com/username/repositoryname.git (it is considered as URL that helps to push the remote)

git push -u origin master (works to push the remote from the origin)

Common Git Terminologies

After attaining the repositories, now its time to learn about the Git Terminologies. There is a number of Terminologies the Git holds such as:

HEAD- Head is a pointer to the latest commit for the working branch. Usually, there is always one HEAD per repository. Whilst switching the branch, the Head will point to the latest commit for the selected branch and after each commit, the HEAD will point to the latest commit.

REMOTE- Remote is also the Git repository on a network outside the machine. There can be more than one remote pointing from the local repo. The remote repo can be managed and referenced by short names as well.

ORIGIN- Git associate remote repository with names. It is a logical name set for the default repository. Origin is quite useful to point to the default repo when running the git commands instead of the entire URL.

CLONE- To get the copy of the existing repository from a remote repo and in a directory, it makes a clone or a copy of that particular repo.

PUSH- To push the changes from the local repository to the local repository. This is performed after committed the changes to the local repo. This is mainly used to sync the changes from the local repository with the remote repository.

PULL- To get the updates from the repository to the local repository. This is to sync the changes from the remote repo to the local repo and keeping the local repo up to date. Pull command will take the latest code from the remote repo and merge the changes with the local repo.

FETCH- By implementing a fetch terminology, you're downloading and copying the branch's file data only into your workstation. In the fetch terminology, multiple branches can be fetched at once. To run the commands you can simply rename the branches.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have explained about the basics terminologies of git that will help all the GitHub learners. In a nutshell, GitHub is a file or code-sharing service to collaborate with different people. In our next blog, you'll find the complete GitHub tutorial, GitHub repository, and about the GitHub guides. Till then study the basics from this blog.

How to create Branches?

As you did on GitHub, now it's time to go back to create a branch based on master. To create a branch you need to follow some of the major steps like:

First, go to GitHub and "Log in" to your account

Then it will show you the "dashboard"

"DropDown" on the Branch Master

Then "Enter" anything (eg. "test")

Common Git Terminologies

After attaining the repositories, now its time to learn about the Git Terminologies. There are number of Terminologies the Git holds such as:

HEAD-  Head is a pointer to the latest commit for the working branch. Usually, there is always one HEAD in per repository. Whilst switching the branch, the Head will point to the latest commit for the selected branch and after each commit, the HEAD will point to the latest commit.

REMOTE-  Remote is also the Git repository on a network outside the machine. There can be more than one remote pointing from the local repo. The remote repo can be managed and referenced by short names as well.