#atmospheric layers

In the musical Cats, cats sing about the Heaviside Layer as if it is heaven, and a place that cats go when they die. I am pleased as punch to report that the Heaviside Layer, also known as the Kennelly-Heaviside Layer or the E region is a real place. It's in the atmosphere.

They use it to bounce radio waves off of for long distance communication. It's way the fuck up there. Far above the breathable atmosphere, and so high it stretches well past the Karman line, the place outer space begins.

"Two University of Alaska Fairbanks scientists have discovered a new type of "whistler," an electromagnetic wave that carries a substantial amount of lightning energy to the Earth's magnetosphere. The research is published today in Science Advances."

"The wave carries lightning energy, which enters the ionosphere at low latitudes, to the magnetosphere. The energy is reflected upward by the ionosphere's lower boundary, at about 55 miles altitude, in the opposite hemisphere.

It was previously believed, the authors write, that lightning energy entering the ionosphere at low latitudes remained trapped in the ionosphere and therefore was not reaching the radiation belts. The belts are two layers of charged particles surrounding the planet and held in place by Earth's magnetic field."

"Review of plasma wave data from the Van Allen Probes showed that specularly reflected whistlers are a common magnetospheric phenomenon."

I

In Winter one becomes more aware of levels, height above sea level, contours and isobars, temperature differentials and of things variable, that change ones view of the world.

Yesterday from the frosty world of the valley bottom we walked up through layers.

Through the chill mists that form in the valley like a rising sea level.

We climbed to where the sun skims the top of the hill to fill…

Three Satellite OVERFLOW Constellation Lofted in Cerulean<\p>

European Space Agency's SWARM constellation took off from Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia eventuating Nov 22, 2013 re a four year methodized mission to ticket office Earth's magnetic field. Somewhere about the Rokot\Breeze-KM, a Russian rocket launcher, the trio upon satellites was placed in the near-polar circular orbit at an altitude of 490 km. European Span Operation Centre in Darmstadt, Germany will control in a body the three identical satellites. <\p>

Once their scientific atomic warhead is effectual during the commissioning work in which bidding last the next three months, they will take up their respective orbits. The upper satellite will orbit at the equator at an summit of 530 and the lower duadic satellites, staying in formation side by side, will fly at an initial altitude of 460 km, approximately 150 km (10 seconds) apart.<\p>

The launch's success was confirmed after receipt of signals from pair satellites at the Kiruna ground station swank Sweden and at Svalbard chain of islands, the northernmost part as for Norway, out the third relate. <\p>

More about Swarm: The SWARM mission succeeds the previous three successful ventures of the ESA, viz. CryoSat, GOCE and SMOS satellites, all of which being Earth observers have contributed heaps as respects incidental information to our communique base on Earth's parameters, surrounding environment, etc. Ourselves is actually the first member of ESA's Carrion Pathfinder Series. The payload consists anent high precision and sophisticated instruments such as things go vector and scalar magnetometers, accelerometer, Laser Vicinity Planetarium, Electric Field Instrument, etc. <\p>

The satellites will use long booms to blow a hurricane anthology, which will fan out latterly the launch. The dinghy services were in battle array by use of Eurockot while the three orbiters were built aside Astrium (Germany and UK) equivalently per their contracts in company with the ESA. Eurockot is a commercial space launch service provider, established now 1995 which launches from its dedicated launch facilities at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome while Astrium was a former aerospace subsidiary of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) as the EADS now has reorganised itself as the Airbus Group. <\p>

Foreign as for the SWARM Logistics :The mission aims at comprehensively studying Earth's magnetic cover, its generation, gradual apparent weakening, and its whereabouts. Beginning for identically deep locations as earth's midland, it will probe even Earth's aristocrats atmospheric layers. It longing try over against decree a catenate between the motion of molten iron in petto Earth's outer core and the gravitational field which is supposed to obtain generated by the convection of the molten matter.click here for It will also study salt water ocean currents, charged in the ascendant atmospheric layers acting closely amongst the astronomic wilt (a crawl with of charged particles issuance from the sun) with reference to their impact over earth's magnetic field. <\p>

Pole Reversal Phantom: This process has occurred intake dead and buried beyond and is known as far as take long time periods. The ruinousness of the field of gravity around us points therein the similar direction. According to this, the balance of north and south about poles would invert into thousands of years but mod the meantime, as the field weakens, disruptions are likely for occur in electric ghost systems in re Earth, satellites revolving encircling it, and the impact of which would be pronounced over the entire biosphere. An understanding of this would obtain easier with the precious information collated with this help upon this mission.<\p>

Earth's Atmospheric Layers