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Armed Services Editions (ASEs) were softcover paperbacks distributed to American soldiers during World War II. After campaigns to collect donated books for soldiers fell through -- in part due to books' large size and hardback covers -- the Council on Books in Wartime (CBW) developed a plan to print pocket-sized softcovers of hundreds of books and deliver them to overseas soldiers.
Many ASEs were printed on presses normally used for magazines, which were too large for soldiers' pockets, so publishers printed two copies per magazine page and cut them in half, resulting in the horizontal format. Seen here are two paperback copies of Rafael Sabatini's Captain Blood (printed in 1945 and 1940, respectively) for comparison.
The books chosen for ASEs were a wide range of subjects and genres, including fiction and non-fiction, and were hugely popular among soldiers -- many authors received large quantities of fan mail from soldiers who credit them with keeping up morale during the war. The success of ASEs encouraged publishers to print more softcover books after the end of the war, leading to the mass-market paperback industry still seen today.
For more information about Armed Services Editions, or these specific editions of Captain Blood, check out the books below:
Books In Action: The Armed Services Editions (1984) ed. by John Y. Cole
When Books Went to War: The Stories that Helped Us Win World War II (2014) by Molly Guptill Manning
Captain Blood: His Odyssey (1940), published by Pocket Books
Captain Blood (1945), published by Editions for the Armed Services
The Browne Popular Culture Library (BPCL), founded in 1969, is the most comprehensive archive of its kind in the United States. Our focus and mission is to acquire and preserve research materials on American Popular Culture (post 1876) for curricular and research use. Visit our website at https://www.bgsu.edu/library/pcl.html.
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(This was shamelessly copy/pasted from OP on Reddit (u/myusernameiscool1234, thanks dude!) because it needs to be spread and I wanted to update a tad, add links and reformat it so it's easier to follow. I'm sure I'm missing stuff, so feel free to add to it and I'll try to update accordingly. Please Share!)
On Military Service
⢠Trump dodged the draft 5 times, 4 for college and 1 by having a doctor diagnose him with bone spurs.
⢠Trump said having unprotected sex was his own personal Vietnam (1998)
⢠Trump said âI felt that I was in the military in the true sense because I dealt with those peopleâ because he went to a military-style academy and that he has âmore training militarily than a lot of the guys that go into the militaryâ. (2015 biography)
⢠Trump accepted a Purple Heart from a fan at one of his rallies and said: âI always wanted to get the Purple Heart. This was much easier.â (Aug 2, 2016)
⢠â No Trump in America has ever served in the military; this spans 5 generations, and every branch of the family tree. In fact, the reason his grandfather immigrated to America was to avoid military service
⢠Trump made his 2nd wife, Marla Maples, sign a prenup that would have cut off all child support if Tiffany joined the military (reported on June 4th, 2019)
Use & Treatment of Military
⢠He sent commandos into an ambush due to a lack of intel, and sends contractors to pick them up, resulting in a commando being left behind, tortured, and executed. (Trump approved the mission because Bannon told him Obama didnât have the guts to do it) (Oct 4, 2017)
⢠He forgot the aforementioned fallen soldierâs name during a call to his pregnant widow, then attacked her the next day (Oct 23-24, 2017)
⢠He urged Florida to not count deployed military votes (Nov 12, 2018)
⢠He used troops as a political prop by sending them on a phantom mission to the border and made them miss Thanksgiving with their families (Oct-Dec, 2018).
⢠He stopped using troops as a political prop immediately after the election. However, the troops remained in muddy camps on the border (Nov 7, 2018).
⢠He called troops on Thanksgiving and told them heâs most thankful for himself (Thanksgiving, 2018)
⢠He fired service members living with HIV just before the 2018 holidays (Dec 19, 2018-present)
⢠He finally visited troops 2 years after taking office, but only after 154 vacation days at his properties (Dec 26, 2018)
⢠Trump lied to deployed troops that he gave them a 10% raise. He didnât give them a 10% raise (Dec 26, 2018). He initially tried to give the military a raise that was lower than the standard living adjustment. This was before Congress told him that idea wasnât going to work. Then after giving them the raise that Congress made him, he lied about it pretending that it was larger than Obamaâs. It wasnât.
⢠He revealed a covert Seal Team 5 deployment , including names and faces, on Twitter during his visit to Iraq. Endangering both the operatives and their families. (Dec 26, 2018)
⢠He refused to sign his partyâs funding bill, which shut down the government, and forced a branch of the military (see below) to go without pay. This branch of military was forced to work without pay, otherwise they would be AWOL. However, his appointees got a $ 10,000 pay raise (Dec 22, 2018 â Jan 25, 2019)
⢠He didnât pay the Coast Guard, forcing service members to rely on food pantries (Jan 23, 2019)
⢠He denied female troops access to birth control to limit sexual activity (on-going. Published Jan 18, 2019)
⢠He banned service members from serving based on gender identity (Jan 22, 2019)
⢠He diverted military housing funds to pay for border wall (Feb 15, 2019). A judge subsequently denied this. In July 2019, SCOTUS ruled that Trump could in fact divert military housing funds to pay for his wall.
⢠Trump pardoned war criminals (May, 2019)
⢠In May 2019, Trump turned away US military from his Memorial Day speech because they were from the destroyer USS John S. McCain. Trump initially ordered the USS John McCain out of sight during his visit to Japan (May 15, 2019) which led to the shipâs name subsequently being covered. (May 27, 2019)
⢠In June 2019, Trump sent troops to the border to paint the fence for a better âaesthetic appearanceâ (June 7, 2019)
⢠Trump demanded US military chiefs stand next to him at 4th of July parade (reported July 2, 2019)
⢠Trump made the U.S. Navy Blue Angels violate ethics rules by having them fly at his July 4th political campaign (July 4, 2019)
⢠On July 31, 2019, Trump ordered the Navy rescind medals to prosecutors who were prosecuting war criminals.
⢠On â October 8th, 2019, Trump plans to withdraw from Open Skies treaty giving Russia the ability to target our military aircraft.
Attacks on Service Members
⢠Trump said he doesnât consider POWs heroes because they were caught. Says he "prefers people who were not caught" (July 18, 2015)
⢠He said he knows more about ISIS than American generals (Oct 2016)
⢠Trump attacks Gold Star families including: Myeshia Johnson â a gold star widow and the Khan familyâgold star parents (2016-present)
⢠He called a retired general a âdogâ with a âbig, dumb mouthâ (Jan 1, 2019)
⢠Well documented dislike of Sen. John McCain, going back to his statement on POWs (see above) and leading up to McCainâs passing. On March 20, 2019, Trump complained that deceased war hero, Sen. John McCain, didnât thank him for his funeral.
⢠Trump started his D-Day commemoration speech by attacking a private citizen (Bette Midler, of all people) (reported on June 4th, 2019)
⢠Trump used his D-Day interview at a cemetery commemorating fallen US soldiers to attack Robert Muller, former FBI special counsel and a Vietnam veteran (June 6, 2019)
⢠Children of deployed US troops will no longer get automatic American citizenship if born overseas during deployment. This includes US troops posted abroad for years at a time (August 28, 2019)
⢠After he pleading with superiors in a letter asking to offload most of the sailors on the ship in order to allow for social distancing and sanitizing the USS Theodore Roosevelt, Trump attacks Capt. Crozier calling his letter âterribleâ and "not appropriateâ leading the Secretary of the Navy to remove Capt. Crozier from his post. 114 of 4,000 sailors on the ship had already tested po sitive for COVID-19. (April 3, 2020)
⢠On June 24, 2020, the White House ends the National Guard's deployments to assist the American people during the COVID-19 pandemic, the day before thousands of National Guard members would qualify for early retirement and education benefits under the Post-9/11 GI bill.
Immigrants in the military
⢠He deported veterans (2017-present)
⢠He ordered the discharge of active-duty immigrant troops with good records (2017-present)
⢠Trump doubled the rejection rate for veterans requesting family deportation protections (July 5, 2018)
⢠Trump deported active-duty spouses (11,800 military families face this problem as of April 2018).
⢠Trump deported a spouse of fallen Army soldier killed in Afghanistan, leaving their daughter parentless. The US has since overturned this as of April 16, 2019.
⢠In July 2019, Trump denied a United States Marine of 6 years entry into the United States for his scheduled citizenship interview (Reported July 17, 2019)
Treatment of Veterans
⢠For a decade, Trump sought to kick veterans off of Fifth Avenue because he found them unsightly nuisances outside of Trump Tower. Being quoted as saying, âWhile disabled veterans should be given every opportunity to earn a living, is it fair to do so to the detriment of the city as a whole or its tax paying citizens and businesses?â in 1991.
⢠Trump sent funds raised from a January 2016 veteransâ benefit to the Donald J Trump Foundation instead of veteranâs charities (Jan, 2016). The foundation has since been ordered shut because of fraud and Trump to pay $2 million in damages as of November 2019.
⢠The controversy surrounding wether or not he said vets get PTSD because they "arenât strong" (Oct 3, 2016)
⢠He blocked a veteran group on Twitter (June 2017)
⢠Trump changed the GI Bill through his Forever GI Act.
⢠Trump changing the GI Bill caused the VA to miss veteran benefits, including housing allowances and forced many veterans to run out of food and rent. âYou can count on us to serve, but we canât count on the VA to make a deadline,â one veteran said. (reported October 7, 2018)
⢠While in Europe commemorating the end of WWI, he didnât attend the ceremony at a US cemetery due to the rain â but other world leaders went anyway (Nov 10, 2018)
⢠He got three Mar-a-Lago guests to run the VA (unknown start â present, made well-known in 2018)
⢠He increased privatization of the VA, leading to longer waits and higher taxpayer cost (2018)
⢠He tried to slash disability and unemployment benefits for Veterans to $0, and eliminate the unemployability extrascheduler rating (Dec 17, 2018)
⢠He canceled an Arlington Cemetery visit on Veterans Day due to light rain (Nov 12, 2018)
⢠He tried to deport a marine vet who is a U.S.-born citizen (Jan 16, 2019). He deported countless other veterans (2017-present)
⢠When a man was caught swindling veteransâ pensions for high-interest âcash advances,â Trumpâs Consumer Financial Protection Bureau fined him $1. As a reminder, the Trump administrationâs goal was to dismantle the CFPB, installing Mick Mulvaney as the director, who publicly stated the bureau should be disbanded. (Jan 26, 2019)
⢠Trump purged 200,000 veteransâ healthcare applications (due to known administrative errors within VAâs enrollment process and enrollment system) (reported on May 13, 2019)
⢠On August 2, 2019, Trump requisitioned military retirement funds towards the border wall.
What it means to be a military veteran in the United States is being shaped by a new generation of service members. About one-in-five veterans today served on active duty after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Their collective experiences â from deployment to combat to the transition back to civilian life â are markedly different from those who served in previous eras.
Read more in our new report âThe American Veteran Experience and the Post-9/11 Generationâ