#architecturalinnovation

In the final phase of the Neolithic and the subsequent Eneolithic period, a remarkable development of megalithic constructions emerged, a term derived from the Greek ("mégas" for large and "lithòs" for stone). These imposing structures, largely dedicated to worship and collective burials, bear witness to the ingenuity and spirituality of ancient civilizations.

Menhir: Towering Monuments of Symbolic Meaning

Menhirs, derived from Breton ("men" for stone and "hir" for long), are tall monoliths driven into the ground, often marking burial sites. Their height, ranging from 2-3 meters to 6 meters, can reach extraordinary peaks, as highlighted by the Breton menhirs of Kerloas and Locmariaquer. These monoliths can be isolated or arranged in straight or circular alignments, often oriented in precise astronomical directions. In Carnac, Brittany, a complex of about 3000 menhirs extends in parallel rows, oriented westward, creating a captivating panorama over a kilometer long.

Dolmen: Innovative Trilithic System in Funerary Architecture

The dolmen, derived from Breton ("doul" or "tol" for table and "men" for stone), constitutes a form of funerary architecture. Composed of two or more stone blocks driven into the ground, surmounted by a horizontal slab, this trilithic construction system represents mankind's first use in this regard. The dolmen, primarily sepulchral, can be an individual or collective tomb, often characterized by an access corridor. Initially covered by stone or earth tumuli, the oldest dolmens in Italy are found in Sardinia, Apulia, and the Alpine region for the Copper Age.

Cromlech: Concentric Monuments of Astronomical Significance

Cromlechs, derived from Breton ("crom" for round and "lech" for stone), represent the monumental application of the trilithic system. These consist of series of dolmens arranged in concentric circular figures. Widespread in Neolithic and Eneolithic Europe, cromlechs originally served to define the lunar cycle, later adapting to indicate the movement of the Sun and the progression of seasons. In addition to their practical utility, these sites were spaces for collective ceremonies, including funeral, agricultural, and fertility rites.

Allée Couverte: Collective Funerary Constructions in France

Another application of the dolmen, particularly common in France, is the Allée couverte ("covered alley"). These collective funerary constructions are composed of stone slabs supported by vertical structures or dry-stone walls, sometimes reaching considerable dimensions. A notable example is the Allée couverte du Mougau, erected between the end of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Eneolithic, which stands out for the presence of engravings. The structure, 14 meters long, has a north-south orientation, with a northern entrance and a chamber at the southern end, likely preceded by a vestibule.

In Conclusion

"Architectural Lexicon: Unveiling the Brutalism of SOURCES and QUOTES in the Language of Smithson's Creations"

In the realm of architecture, SOURCES and QUOTES are akin to the foundational elements shaping the new brutalism of language and architectural drawing, particularly in the context of visionaries like Alison and Peter Smithson.

SOURCES, in architectural terms, embody the roots and origins of design inspiration. They are the raw materials, both tangible and conceptual, from which architectural ideas arise. In the brutalism of language, SOURCES act as the concrete from which the structure of meaning emerges. Alison and Peter Smithson, pioneers of the New Brutalism movement, drew inspiration from diverse SOURCES – be it industrial landscapes, utilitarian structures, or urban textures. These SOURCES served as the point of origin for their bold architectural statements.

On the other hand, QUOTES can be seen as the direct expressions, the exact words, drawn from the SOURCES. In architectural drawing, QUOTES are the lines and shapes directly transcribed from the architect's vision to the blueprint. Alison and Peter Smithson, in their pursuit of a new architectural language, quoted elements from the urban environment, creating a dialogue between the existing fabric and their innovative designs.

While SOURCES and QUOTES share a symbiotic relationship, they differ in their nature. SOURCES are the wellspring of creativity, the origin of architectural thought. In the new brutalism of language, SOURCES are the rough textures and unfiltered inspirations. QUOTES, on the other hand, are the refined expressions, the articulated forms that emerge from these SOURCES. The Smithsons' architectural drawings, akin to a carefully composed quote, encapsulate the essence of their vision with clarity and impact.

In essence, SOURCES lay the foundation, while QUOTES construct the narrative. Together, they form the brutalist language of architecture, speaking a raw and unapologetic dialect that challenges conventional norms, much like the ground-breaking work of Alison and Peter Smithson.

The 80s was a decade known for its vibrant and bold aesthetic, especially when it came to envisioning the future. From neon lights and retro-futuristic architecture to sleek, high-tech gadgets, the designs of that era exuded a unique blend of nostalgia and innovation. Surprisingly, many find themselves longing for the aesthetic futuristic designs of the 80s, which seem to outshine the present. In this blog post, we'll explore the reasons behind this phenomenon and delve into what made the 80s so iconic in terms of futuristic design.

Neon Dreams and Cyberpunk Vibes: One of the most iconic features of 80s futuristic design was the abundant use of neon lights. The neon glow added a sense of energy and excitement to the vision of the future, creating a cyberpunk aesthetic that resonates with many today. In contrast, contemporary designs often lean towards minimalism, leaving behind the vibrant and dynamic elements that defined the 80s.

Retro-Futuristic Architecture: The architecture of the 80s was marked by futuristic shapes, sleek lines, and bold colors. Buildings and structures were designed with a sense of optimism about the future, pushing the boundaries of imagination. Today's architecture tends to favor practicality and sustainability, often resulting in a more subdued and understated look. The 80s' retro-futuristic buildings still capture the imagination and stand as a testament to an era unafraid to dream big.

Synthwave Music and Technological Nostalgia: The music of the 80s, particularly the synthwave genre, has experienced a resurgence in popularity. This nostalgic music genre, often inspired by the sounds of 80s electronic music, contributes to the overall allure of the era. Moreover, the technological landscape of the 80s, with its iconic gadgets and futuristic concepts, is remembered with a certain fondness that the present may struggle to replicate.

Vintage Tech Chic: The sleek and shiny tech gadgets of the 80s, though outdated by today's standards, had a certain charm that resonates with enthusiasts. From retro computers to chunky yet stylish mobile phones, these vintage tech pieces have become sought-after collector's items. In contrast, modern technology tends to prioritise slim and seamless designs, sacrificing some of the personality and character found in 80s gadgets.

While the present era undoubtedly boasts incredible technological advancements and a more sustainable design ethos, there's an undeniable allure to the aesthetic futuristic designs of the 80s. The neon-soaked dreams, retro-futuristic architecture, and iconic technology of that era continue to captivate our imagination. Whether it's the nostalgia for a bygone era or a longing for a future that never came to be, the 80s aesthetic remains a powerful influence, reminding us that sometimes, looking back can be as exciting as looking forward.

As a 90s kid, there's a certain magic in reminiscing about the neon-drenched dreams and futuristic fantasies of the 80s. It's like unlocking a treasure chest of memories filled with the hum of chunky computers, the thrill of playing pixelated video games, and the joy of rewinding cassette tapes just to hear that favorite song one more time. While the 90s had its own charm with dial-up internet and the rise of portable CD players, there's something undeniably special about the glow of nostalgia that the 80s cast upon us.

"Architectural Alchemy: The Phoenix's Flight in Radical Design"

Imagine a realm where buildings are not mere structures but living entities, pulsating with dynamic energy and pushing the limits of our imagination. This realm is governed by the phoenix, an immortal symbol echoing through Greek, Egyptian, and Persian mythologies. In the phoenix's fiery rebirth from its own ashes, we find the metaphor for radical architecture – the perpetual renewal and reinvention of the built environment.

Let's embark on a journey through iconic structures that embody this radical spirit. The Altes Museum in Berlin, a neoclassical masterpiece, stands tall with its monumental pillars and rotunda, akin to the majestic Pantheon. Here, architecture becomes a sanctuary for art and science, a testament to the grandeur that arises from pushing traditional boundaries.

Shift your gaze to the Jewish Museum Berlin, a modern marvel designed by the visionary architect Daniel Libeskind. This architectural narrative unfolds the history of German-Jewish heritage, a poignant reminder that radicalism can also be a bridge between past and present, a dialogue between eras.

Lebbeus Woods, the maverick architect, envisions cities as dynamic systems, challenging the very fabric of urban structures. His "System Wien" disrupts the traditional landscape of Vienna, illustrating that radicalism isn't about discarding the past but transforming it into a new, vibrant reality.

Delve into the synergy of complex systems, from thermodynamics to human activity, shaping the energy of cities. Architecture, much like the phoenix, rises from the fire – fueled by new ideas, perspectives, and the ever-present need for maintenance.

As the dialogue between Berlin and Vienna unfolds, narrated by the timeless city of London, we witness the alchemical magic of John Dee's Monas Hieroglyphica. It symbolizes a harmonious blend of tradition and innovation, a perfect metaphor for the radical architect's quest to unveil the secrets of our Western world.