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CONNECTING THE DOTS

Zimbabwe’s Economy Is Tanking: Why Mnangagwa Is Just Not Able To Fix It

The Mnangagwa regime could try to take ill-gotten gains away from Mugabe and Grace Mugabe, as Malaysias new government is doing to its previous kleptocratic prime minister and his wife.

Inequality And Child Hunger: Angola, Rwanda, Ethiopia Make Progress, But Full Stomachs Still Belong To The Richer

Stunting rates range between 10% in prosperous areas of southern Nigeria to over 50% in parts of the north.

Two Deserving Winners: Nadia Murad And Denis Mukwege Awarded 2018 Nobel Peace For Campaigns Against Sexual Violence

The US and UK dominate the countries of the prize's winners. Mukwege is the 11th recipient from Africa.

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Central African Republic Just Scored The Most Negative Feelings Of Any Nation In 10 Years Of A Global Survey

The survey didnt cover some countries facing serious political and humanitarian problems, including Burundi, Somalia, and Sudan.

Mali’s Spoilers: Fighting Among Armed Groups Intensifies, Leaving Hundreds Dead, Thousands Displaced

Islamist militants, once confined to the north, have slowly expanded their presence in the region since 2015, inflaming tensions.

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NUMBERS/VISUALS

200,000 Congolese Expelled From Angola: At Home, They Find The Same Peril They Fled

Since the violence in DRCs Kasai region last March, 1.4 million people have been displaced.

Possibly Up To 40% Of Africa’s Regional Trade Is Informal: We Need To Get To The Bottom Of It

Official statistics underestimate total trade between Benin and Nigeria by 50% for imports, and by about 85% for exports.

With Over 10 Million Still Needing Assistance Every Day, The ‘Forgotten’ Lake Chad Crisis Gets A Shot In The Arm

More than $2 billion was pledged at the Lake Chad crisis, more than the $1.5 billion sought and three times the disappointing haul last year.

South Africa’s University Students Face A Crisis; Nearly 30% Go Hungry, With Black Learners Three Times More Likely To Than White Ones

Theres a common perception that students represent the elite...But this is a myth. Students are more likely to be food insecure than others in the general population.

Survey Shows 70% Of South Africans Feel Immigrants Pose A Threat To The Country, And That Fuels Xenophobia

Remarkably, the most frequently mentioned non-threat explanation for kind of hate crime was envy of the success or ingenuity of foreigners.

Bringing Up Baby, Trump Style – That Is Sans Mother’s Milk

Formula manufacturers have used aggressive and sometimes illegal tactics to encourage the use of formula in poor countries, where it can sometimes be dangerous when combined with unsafe water.

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Uganda: Who Is Bobi Wine And Why Is He Such A Pain In The Neck For Long-time Ruler Museveni?

"Since parliament has failed to come to the ghetto, then we shall bring the ghetto to parliament", said the musician turned populist politician.

Oil Polluted Lands Over Twice The Size Of Seychelles In Nigeria. Can East Africa Escape The Curse?

The Uganda oil pipeline through Tanzania should be made into a bigger prosperity corridor, with fibre optics, roads, railways and food silos.

DR Congo Is A World Champion In Tackling Ebola, The Latest Outbreak Is Its 10th

Theres an added problem to the latest Ebola outbreak; its in North Kivu Province, a conflict zone where dozens of armed groups operate and decades of fighting have devastated key infrastructure.

Ahead Of July 30 Vote, Can Zimbabwe Finally Get Rid Of Its History Of Violence And Media Repression?

Mnangagwa has backtracked from Mugabe's more confrontational rhetoric. Zimbabwe's ruling party now uses cliches like "fresh start", "new dispensation", and "open for business". The talk has been matched by some action.

Breaking Bad In Burundi: Now You See Nkurunziza, Now You Don’t

300,000 people died in a 1993-2005 civil war and recent years have been marked by political unrest and violent oppression

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112 Perish In Deadliest Shipwreck Of Year, As Tunisia Becomes New Hotspot For African Migrants

Off the Horn of Africa, another migrant boat disaster on the perilous route to Yemen and the Gulf states from Somalia early in the month cost at least 60 lives

Fulani Militias Killed 217 People, Boko Haram Murdered 70 Over Same Period – Nigeria’s New Menace

It is one element of a wider problem of rampant criminality that is either ignored or encouraged by local politicians

East African Piracy Escalates Sharply, Jumping To 54 In 2017 – Up From 27 In 2016

Blame the spike partly on complacency in the shipping industry, as vessels have cut down on self-protection measures

Less Than 7% Of Working Age Ugandans, And Fewer Than 10% Of Firms Are Tax Payers – How To Fix That

Uganda collects taxes equivalent to 14% of GDP - below its neighbours Kenya with 18%, and Rwanda at 16%

Two Million People In 5 African Countries To Be Protected In Largest Cholera Vaccine Drive In History

Between 1997 and 2012, just 1.5 million doses of cholera vaccines were used worldwide. In 2017 almost 11 million were used, from Sierra Leone to Bangladesh. So far in 2018, over 15 million doses have been approved

FROM THE ARCHIVES

The Motorcycle Taxi: Africa’s 21st Century Version Of The Horse

The use of motorcycles for commercial transport has grown very rapidly in recent years, for several economic reasons that have been well articulated. But its social and political impact is a bigger, more layered story.

Who Says Being Landlocked Is Terrible? In Africa It’s Not All Bad News

Streamlining logistics and clearance is an existential issue for landlocked countries, but the coastal countries have the “luxury” of dysfunction.

Ibrahim Prize for Governance In Africa; Of Shallow Pools And Southward Forces

Since the prize was launched, there have been more years when it has not been awarded, than when it has

Africa’s Export Diversity, Or Let’s Say The Lack Of It – Plus Some Surprises

Kenya is punching above its weight in diversification of exports – in the analogy of anthropologists, it is less of a hunter economy and more of a gathering one – all sorts of small items find their way to the export market

It Seems Money Brings Africa More Joy Than Good Sex

Some of the 'happiest' countries in Africa also have high FGM rates, they score badly on representation of women in politics, and female folk tend to be treated badly in these countries. A contradiction?

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HOME was originally published on Africapedia

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Robert Rotberg

Robert Rotberg was originally published on Africapedia

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Agencies

Agencies was originally published on Africapedia

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Africa's Estimated Continental Population, 1950 To 2050

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Africa’s Estimated Continental Population, 1950 To 2050 was originally published on Africapedia

#Africa in 2050 #birth rates #fertility rates #population in Africa #africapedia

Africa's Export Diversity, Or Let's Say The Lack Of It - Plus Some Surprises

AFRICA has been badly hit by the commodity price crash of the past 18 months, as several countries rely on just a handful of exports to bring in revenue.

Data from the African Development Bank (AfDB) shows that 10 African countries rely on a single product for the bulk (at least three-quarters) of export revenues. For eight of these, that single product is crude oil, except in the case of Eritrea (copper ores; 93.7%) and Guinea-Bissau (cashew nuts; 75%).

The data reveals that 20 countries – nearly half of the African total – rely on three products or fewer for at least 75% of export revenue. The median number of individual products that drives the bulk of African exports is just five.

Even so, there is great disparity in the data – some countries are much more diverse in their exports than you might expect.

The most diverse African economies, at least with regard to exports, tend to be wealthy countries with a well-developed manufacturing sector: Tunisia is tops (88 products), Egypt (80), South Africa (75) and Morocco (66).

Kenya, is in fifth place, counting 52 individual products that together account for 75% of export revenue – but the country is only the eighth largest by GDP size, and 29th by per capita income in Africa, according to data from the IMF and World Bank.

The country’s single biggest export earner, black tea, brings in just 15.9% of the total, second is cut flowers at 11.5%; all the other exports each make up less than 10% of the total.

Its East African neighbours, though largely doing better than the African average, count less than half of Kenya’s 52 products – Tanzania is at 22 products, Uganda 16, and Ethiopia at 6.

It suggests that Kenya is punching above its weight in diversification of exports – in the analogy of anthropologists, it is less of a hunter economy and more of a gathering one – all sorts of small items find their way to the export market, particularly in the East African region.

Africa’s Export Diversity, Or Let’s Say The Lack Of It – Plus Some Surprises was originally published on Africapedia

#archive #export competitiveness in Africa #export diversity in Africa #exports #africapedia

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African Rivers And Lakes; Some Surprising Numbers From The Waters

YOU probably know that the Nile is Africa’s longest river, and Victoria its biggest lake. But there’s much more to the story.

Africa’s 63 international river basins cover about nearly two-thirds of the continent’s land area; they are also home to some 77% of the population, data from UNEP’s Africa Water Atlas shows.

In addition, Africa has more rivers shared by three or more countries than any other continent. In the past century, nearly two-thirds of all international water agreements have been signed in Africa (94 out of a total of 145 agreements), dating back to the late 1800s.

Africa’s rivers have dramatic seasonal variability, which reflects rainfall patterns in their respective basins. The Congo River has a basin area of 3.6 million km2, but runoff or discharge at its mouth is 341 mm, which is more than twelve times that of the Nile River, whose comparable basin size covers 3.1 million km2 – the difference is mainly due to the intense year-round rainfall that falls in the Congo’s catchment area.

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Africa is also home to some of the world’s largest natural lakes and dams. In terms of volume, Africa’s natural lakes and dams have a combined capacity that is twenty times that of Latin America’s, the data shows.

Although it is relatively shallow, Lake Victoria is the second-largest freshwater lake in the world, with an area of approximately 68,600 km2. Lake Chad is the shallowest major lake on the continent, but still the fourth-largest in Africa in terms of surface area; it is also the largest wetland in the Sahel region. The Lake Chad basin, with a surface area of 2.5 million km2, is the largest endoreic basin (interior drainage basin) in the world.

In the 1960s, Lake Chad was about 25,000 km2 in surface area, but it experienced a rapid shrinkage in the early 1970s and has since been fluctuating between 2,000 and 15,000 km2, depending on the season. The significant shrinkage experienced since the 1960s is due to a combination of severe droughts and excess drawing of water for irrigation.

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Lakes Tanganyika and Malawi/Nyasa are the world’s second- and third-deepest lakes respectively, after Lake Baikal in Russia. In fact, Lake Tanganyika is so deep that it holds 1% of the total volume of freshwater on the earth’s surface.

Africa’s natural lakes have very diverse origins. Those along the East African Rift Valley (Lakes Malawi, Albert, Tanganyika and Turkana) are deep tectonic lakes; some lakes were formed by volcanic action, such as Lake Kivu in Rwanda/Democratic Republic  of the Congo. There are also shallow floodplain lakes such as those in the Okavango Swamps. The East African Rift Valley has many soda lakes; in addition, Africa also has some high altitude lakes of glacial origin.

South Africa and Zimbabwe have the most dammed rivers and among the world’s countries with large dams, ranked 11 and 20 respectively. Still, dammed rivers are relatively scarce in Africa outside these two countries: There is about one dam to every 683,000 persons in Africa, while the equivalent figure for the rest of the world is 168,000.

African Rivers And Lakes; Some Surprising Numbers From The Waters was originally published on Africapedia

#African geography #africapedia

Oldest African Cities; There's More To Tripoli Than Current Turmoil

AFRICA is still majority-rural, with 60% of its people living in the countryside; by the mid 2030s, this is expected to shift and Africa will becomes majority-urban. Despite the current rapid rate of urbanisation, cities are not new to Africa – some of the oldest cities on the continent are thousands of years old – and found mostly in the north and east African coasts.

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Oldest African Cities; There’s More To Tripoli Than Current Turmoil was originally published on Africapedia

#African cities #africapedia

Foreign Currency Reserves In Africa, End-2015; Some Are In Tatters

A FEW weeks ago news from Nigeria was that foreign-currency reserves had slipped to $26.4 billion, the lowest in more than a decade, as the dollar shortage bit. Already, United Airlines and Iberia have halted operations in Nigeria or cut flights as they struggle to move revenue out of the country; other airlines including British Airways and Emirates have said they are facing difficulties obtaining outstanding air ares.

But Nigeria isn’t alone. 2015 was a tough one for many African countries, with currency turmoil driven by a commodity market crash and the slowdown in the global economy. In response, many governments rushed to their treasuries to pump dollars into the market and support their respective currencies.

According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the rule of thumb to judge if a country has sufficient reserves is that it should cover three months worth of imports. That guards it against short-term external shocks, and helps a country handle large drops in output and consumption without experiencing a crisis.

Looking at data from the African Development Bank (AfDB), by the end of 2015, the majority of African countries had more than three months worth of import cover in reserve, but 17 were in the red.

The ones in peril are a motley bunch – everything from Africa’s richest country per capita (Equatorial Guinea, with 1.9 months equivalent), the continent’s third largest economy (Egypt, 2.5 months), a number of oil exporters (Congo, 2.8 months; Chad, two weeks) to low-income countries in conflict (Burundi, 2.1 months; DR Congo, 1.2 months).

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It suggests that there is little relationship between national savings and national wealth, economic size, growth rates, or political stability.

In fact, the country with a virtually empty treasury is Mozambique, as it struggles to keep up with debt payments. The country’s annual public debt servicing costs are estimated to have almost doubled to about 4.5% of GDP; credit ratings were downgraded deep in junk territory when the government admitted it had hidden of $1.4 billion of undisclosed loans to state-owned companies.

Yet Mozambique has posted roaring economic growth figures over the past five years; at over 7%, it was among the highest not just in Africa but also in the world.

Since the discovery of the undeclared loans by the IMF, European nations and multilateral lenders have withheld funding; the yields on Mozambique’s $726 million of bonds due January 2023 rose six basis points to 16.3% in April. Such a high yield suggests that creditors have little faith in the country’s ability to pay back its debt.

And yet, the country with a bulging treasury is Libya, which has been wracked by sectarian conflict for the past four years. There are two rival, parallel governments in the country, each claiming legitimacy; the Islamic State is a third force controlling a broad swathe of the country.

In Libya, it seems the problem is not how to make money – it’s how to share it.

Foreign Currency Reserves In Africa, End-2015; Some Are In Tatters was originally published on Africapedia

#Africa economy #Africa macroeconomy #foreign exchange reserves in Africa #africapedia