#actinobacteria

Drugs on Ice

As well as causing unpleasant infections that make us sick, bacteria can also help to make us well again. Several species of bacteria produce chemicals that have been turned into drugs such as antibiotics and cancer treatments. This has led to an activity known as bioprospecting – scouring the natural world in search of new bacterial species that might produce potent novel drugs for all kinds of conditions. The more unusual the conditions, the stranger the bacteria that live there and the more interesting the molecules that they produce. There are few places on earth as strange as Antarctica, with its extreme cold, high saltiness and lack of human interference. These plates contain colonies of Actinobacteria isolated from Antarctic hair grass – one of only two flowering plants native to the frozen continent. Some of them make molecules that could be promising cancer drugs, which can be taken forward for testing.

Written by Kat Arney

Image adapted from work by Leonardo Jose Silva and colleagues

Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) – Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil

Image originally published under a Creative Commons Licence (BY 4.0)

Published in Scientific Reports, August 2020

The present work aimed the prospection of microorganisms from Bauhinia monandra leaves, with the purpose to identify endophytics to obtain strains with possible biotechnological applications. B. monandra leaves, disinfected with hypochlorite solution, were macerated in phosphate buffered saline and seeded in ten culture media containing antibacterial or antifungal agents. The endophytic filamentous fungus strains detected belonged to the genera Penicillium, Curvullaria and Aspergillus. Non-filamentous endophyte bacteria were grouped in the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter and strains of endophytic Actinobacteria were classified as Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis. The isolation of endophytic microorganisms with nine culture media revealed better bacteria development with L-arginine agar; inorganic salt starch agar and potato dextrose agar were superior to Actinobacteria and fungus strains, respectively. The present study revealed the predominance of the genus Penicillium in leaves of B. monandra. This work introduces the first data of identification from endophyte Actinobacteria in the leaves of B. monandra.

Author(s) Details

Rosilma de O. Araujo-Melo Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil.

Thales Henrique B. de Oliveira Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, UFPE, Avenida Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil.

Carlos Vinícius J. de Oliveira Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil.

Janete M. de Araújo Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil.

Kêsia X. F. R. de Sena Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil.

Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, UFPE, Avenida Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil.

Read full article: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/54/596/482-1

The Actinobacteria receive much attention, since they produce a wide variety of metabolites, including antibiotics, antitumor agents, antioxidant molecules and enzyme inhibitors. These bacteria can be found in various habitats, including soil, ocean, extreme environments, mangrove, lichen, plants, and animals. The classification of Actinobacteria based upon the morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics is not enough to differentiate the genera of this phylum. Following, a complementary identification is performed based on the distribution of specific constituents of the cellular wall, such as diaminopimelic acid and carbohydrates. With the advent of molecular biology, the identification of genera and species became more reliable. The screening of microbial natural products has become an important route to discover new bioactive compounds in order to develop new therapeutic agents. Actinobacteria remains one of the leading producers of biopharmaceuticals; endophytic Actinobacteria also yield secondary metabolites with wide range of biological activity. This review focuses on gathering relevant information on identification, classification, chemical diversity of Actinobacteria, as well as reveals some biotechnological applications of these bacteria. Actinobacteria are microorganisms widely distributed in nature, inhabiting mainly soil, and plants. These prokaryotes are broadly responsible for the production of various metabolites commercially available, such as antibiotics, antifungal compounds, enzymes, and chemotherapeutic agents. Endophytic Actinobacteria also produce active substances, and have important functions in the development of plants with agro-industrial interest, as well as in research efforts against multidrug-resistant bacteria, in order to find new effective compounds that can be used in clinical routine. This review provides data with a focus on spreading the importance of these microorganisms, as well as turns the attention to the fact that more studies are necessary for application of these Actinobacteria as innovative biotechnological tools.

Author(s) Details

Rosilma de O. Araujo-Melo Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil.

Thales Henrique B. de Oliveira Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, UFPE, Avenida Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil.

Carlos Vinícius J. de Oliveira Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil.

Janete M. de Araújo Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas,S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil.

Kêsia X. R. F. de Sena Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil.

Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, UFPE, Avenida Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil.

Read full article: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/54/593/480-1

Yosunlardan elde edilen özler, yeni ilaçların tasarlanmasına yardımcı olabilir.

Araştırmacılar, deniz yosununda yaşayan bir bakteri ailesi olan deniz Aktinobakterilerinin, antimikrobiyal ve antikanser özelliklere sahip olduğunu buldular.

Birçok insan mikropları hastalığa neden olan organizmalar olarak düşünür, ancak insanlar yaşamımız için gerekli olan milyarlarca mikroba ev sahipliği yapar.

Mikroplar bakteri, protozoa, mantar, alg, amip ve küfleri içerir. Mikroplar, bilim…

Yosunlardan elde edilen özler, yeni ilaçların tasarlanmasına yardımcı olabilir.

Araştırmacılar, deniz yosununda yaşayan bir bakteri ailesi olan deniz Aktinobakterilerinin, antimikrobiyal ve antikanser özelliklere sahip olduğunu buldular.

Birçok insan mikropları hastalığa neden olan organizmalar olarak düşünür, ancak insanlar yaşamımız için gerekli olan milyarlarca mikroba ev sahipliği yapar.

Mikroplar bakteri, protozoa, mantar, alg, amip ve küfleri içerir. Mikroplar, bilim…

Yosunlardan elde edilen özler, yeni ilaçların tasarlanmasına yardımcı olabilir.

Araştırmacılar, deniz yosununda yaşayan bir bakteri ailesi olan deniz Aktinobakterilerinin, antimikrobiyal ve antikanser özelliklere sahip olduğunu buldular.

Birçok insan mikropları hastalığa neden olan organizmalar olarak düşünür, ancak insanlar yaşamımız için gerekli olan milyarlarca mikroba ev sahipliği yapar.

Mikroplar bakteri, protozoa, mantar, alg, amip ve küfleri içerir. Mikroplar, bilim…

Authored by  Joachim Wink

he bioactive substances rakicidin A (1), B (2) and E (3), were isolated from Micromonospora sp. cultivated after insertion of a diffusion growth chamber into the sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata. The three rakicidins were tested in various antibiotic bioassays revealing their selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria including resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium. With the help of MALDI-TOF MS and RiboPrinter® analysis the relationship between the producer strain and 13 Micromonospora type strains (99% identity in 16S rRNA sequence) could be 

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