Following on from my Story yesterday, I am going to go over the basic types of optics and which fiber they use.
I am going to start with good ole 1 Gig Ethernet. There are 3 basic flavors.
SX = Multimode. Good up to 550m on high quality 50 micron Fiber.
LX/LH = Multimode(LX) and Single Mode(LH). LX mode up to 2KM. LH Mode up to 10KM.
BX (-U,-D). This is a single strand version of WDM which sends one direction over 1490, and the other at 1310. You must Pair a U with a D.
EX = Up to 40KM over Single Mode
ZX = Up to 70KM over Single Mode.
Please note - these distances are independent of any amps/etc. Many times if you order a "layer 1" circuit over a telco network - they will mux your "White" LH light into a colored light and do WDM from point to point. From the GBIC perspective, it will appear as if its talking to another LX gbic less than 2KM away.
All of the Gigabit Ethernet variety come in both SFP and GBIC variety though BX GBICs are extremely rare.
For 10 Gigabit there are similar protocols.
SR - just like SX - 400 M
LR - Just like LH - 10 KM
ER - just like EX - 40 KM
ZR - Just like ZX - 80 KM
There is an emerging single strand variety, however I have not seen it in the wild yet.
All 10 gig optics come in all 4 form factors: XENPAK, X2, XFP, SFP+