Trees from Antarctica???
Ok everyone, I am incredibly excited to share with you all something ancient and mystical living amongst us today. It comes from a world that we will never know, but is still our own. This living memory may be one of the loneliest beings on earth as its species slowly dwindles and fails, but as the last survive, they provide testament to the resilience of life, the desire to survive, and evidence that the world around us will never be the same as it is in the moment we experience it. Today I share with you my favorite tree, Nothofagus moorei, the Antarctic beech.
The Antarctic beech is one of the only remaining species (I was told the only remaining but I question the reliability of the sign I read as it is my only source) native to Antarctica living today. Now, I know what you must be thinking. Yes, that Antarctica. The one with the lightless winter, miles thick ice sheets, and not a single tree to be found; let alone a deciduous tree that can grow to 50 metres in height. However, the southern extreme we know today wasnāt always that way.
(Photo by Neil Ross, 2013).Ā
Tens of millions of years ago after the dissolution of the supercontinent Pangea, a new landmass was forming in the southern hemisphere. This continent, named Gondwana, was comprised of what is modern day Africa, South America, India, the Arabian Peninsula, Australia, and you guessed it, Antarctica. The dominant ecosystem across much of Gondwana was cool, subtropical and temperate rainforests. It was in this environment that the Antarctic beech came into being. Over the following millions of years, Gondwana started to break and the last to pieces drifted south together, what would become Australia and Antarctica. The tree is believed to have originated in the Antarctic portion, with small populations extending into cooler alpine regions of Australia. As the two landmasses finally split, the trees living on their native Antarctica slowly dwindled to extirpation as ice devoured their ancestral range. Today only a handful survive in elevated peaks scattered along eastern Australia.
Unfortunately, the trees are currently believed to be on their last legs in their final stronghold today. Evolving in a cooler climate, the increasingly warm Australian temperatures have robbed the trees almost entirely of their ability to reproduce sexually. In addition, their alpine homes were traditionally out of the reach of the bulk of the fires that regularly reset life in Australiaās lowland bush. In the past decades though, drier weather has promoted the spread of fires into the mountains. Unlike the majority of Australian flora, the beech is not resilient in the wake of fire. The final figurative ānail in the coffinā is the slow but steady erosion of the mountains that host them as time rolls along. With large root systems that favour deep soil, the thin mountain topsoil exposes the roots to mosses and parasitic plant and insect species. With some trees alive estimated to be up to 12,000 years old, the age of this ancient beauty is coming to an apparent end. Fortunately, its timeless message of consistent beauty in the face of constant change will long outlive it, and possibly even us who learn this lesson.Ā
Hi Matt,
First off, I want to say this is a very interesting post, I have never heard of the Antarctic Beech. I thought that it was interesting that there are trees that can grow in the harsh conditions of Antarctica. Iām a bit confused when you speak about a possible extinction event and was wondering if you could clarify. Does the species only have an unfavourable environment in Australia or is it becoming increasingly unfavourable in Antarctica as well? I noticed you spoke about the increase in temperature in Australia but the increase in Antarctica would not be as significant, so it should survive should it not? I also found it kind of interesting that even though this species of trees has a large root system much like cedar it is unable to survive in shallow soil where cedar is. I have seen cedar growing on eroded cliffs and it is a very intricate root system that allows it to do such so I was surprised the Antarctic Beech with its large root system could not grow in eroded areas. Is there any further research as to why it is unable to grow in shallow soil conditions? Is this largely due to the issues with parasitic species and mosses rather than the treeās ability to be rooted? Sorry for all the questions but I think that further discussion and research could be explored on this topic to enhance my understanding if not our understanding.











