Process Safety Consultancy & Testing

Assessment of runaway reaction hazard using the experimental methods of the process safety laboratory

Characteristics of experimental methods

The experimental methods of the process safety laboratory in the field of thermal stability and runaway reaction hazard studies consist mostly of calorimetric determinations. The relevant methods can be divided into several types according to current laboratory practices or the type of apparatus used. Screening and other methods A screening technique is an experimental technique used for testing every sample submitted for experimental investigation. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) or differential screening calorimetry (DSC) is widespread as a screening method for testing thermal stability. Whether the accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) or the vent-sizing package (VSP) are screening methods is more a question of laboratory practice. Any calorimetric technique, even the most unexpected one, can be used as a screening technique. Isothermal, pseudo-adiabatic and isoperibolic methods Isothermal calorimetric techniques are techniques where the apparatus imposes the sample temperature. This is best achieved in DTA experiments where the sample is small enough to exclude any significant temperature gradient. The operating mode may be a temperature scan or a constant temperature exposure. Typical isothermal techniques are DTA/DSC and C80 isothermal calorimetry. Pseudo-adiabatic techniques are those where the temperature of the test cell surroundings is controlled to be equal to the sample temperature, to exclude any heat loss from the test cell. In these techniques, the heat produced by the sample is spent to raise its own temperature and the temperature of the test cell. The experiment thermal inertia is characterized by the phi factor.

𝝋= 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒆

In true adiabatic conditions for the sample, φ = 1. In real experimental conditions, φ > 1. If heat is transferred from the outside to the sample, φ < 1. Typical pseudo-adiabatic techniques are:

Ø The closed Dewar

Ø Accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC)

Ø The vent-sizing package (VSP)

Ø The reactive system screening tool (RSST)

Determination of the pressure effect in addition to the thermal effect of runaway reactions, the pressure effect is of importance in hazard assessment. This information is obtained from:

Ø Autoclave experiments

Ø Closed Dewar experiments

Ø ARC experiments

Ø VSP experiments

Information on loss of weight during thermal decomposition Thermogravimetry is used to determine the loss of weight of a sample submitted to a temperature scan. Thermogravimetry can be coupled with DSC or DTA. This technique is used mainly in the field of explosives and, solid propellants testing. A normal chemical company should not make extensive use of it.

Nature of the experimental information required

The experimental data required in thermal stability screening are:

Ø The exotherm onset temperature

Ø The heat of reaction per weight of reacting sample for the exotherm considered

Ø The onset temperature for the production of decomposition gases

Ø The reaction kinetics for heat and gas production

Interpretation of experimental results

The principle of interpretation methods is described in this section using examples obtained in the laboratory. As pointed out earlier, the experimental data interpretation methods depend on:

Ø The experimental technique

Ø The type of apparatus

Ø The information required

Ø The experimental results obtained

Conclusions

The control of runaway reaction hazard in the chemical industry involves simple steps including:

Ø Screening of thermal stability

Ø Analysis of the process conditions

Ø Recognition of dangerous process conditions or process deviations

Ø Application of prevention and mitigation measures

The industrial situations are often complex, nevertheless the above methodology based on our own experience can be successfully applied to exclude the occurrence of accidents. The only limitation seems to be the extensive work necessary to obtain the required information for a safe and relevant risk assessment. This is the cost of process safety. Experience has proved that this cost is lower than the cost of accidents and that the companies with the lowest accident rates are the most profitable.

The test is performed at two controlled relative humidity conditions, an upper humidity of 50% and lower humidity of 15%, in order to see the changes in resistivity as humidity falls The resistivity value will determine whether a material is conductive, static dissipative, or insulating.

Risk assessments are, in effect, a management tool that can help to identify potential weaknesses to primary designs or the working environment itself. Our specialist consultants have years of risk assessment experience and are trained to carry out a range of risk assessment methodologies such as HAZOP, HAZID, LOPA, OBRA and QRA. We undertake risk assessments in a holistic way to ensure, maintain and optimise safety compliance in your work environment.

Combustible Dust Hazards are a concern for almost every industry and plant - in particular, pharmaceutical, food/ agriculture, metal, cosmetic, chemical manufacturing, paint and pigment, wood, plastic and polymer.

The LIT test is one of the three core tests for accessing a materials ignition sensitivity, particularly where ‘Avoidance of Ignition Sources’ is the ‘Basis of Safety’ for the operation. The data is required for defining the maximum operating temperature for electrical and non-electrical equipment used in areas where the test material is present.

Back in the early noughties, Sigma-HSE's Technical and Operations Director was working in the UK's Health and Safety Executive as a Process Safety Specialist Inspector and was preparing0020standards guidelines for the warehousing business. This cumulated with the distribution of HSG71 Chemical Warehousing: The Storage of Packaged Dangerous Substances, which is still available and easily accessible from the HSE site. This direction was focused on anybody with the obligation of storage of hazardous substances, for relevant for any sizes of the facilities and inventory storage and was appropriate to transit and distribution centers/ warehouses, open warehouse areas which are part of the chemical manufacturing facilities or are related to the end users.

 Before preparing this standard guidance, he also carried out a survey/ analysis of the storage warehousing and logistics industries. During the survey, one significant issue has been found that – only 30% of respondents are able to clearly mention and identify that they storing chemicals or dangerous substances. A further questing during the survey provided the reason for this condition. When surveyor questioned that what categories of substances were stored in warehouse, the answers got that pharmaceuticals, household and commercial consumer products, cosmetics, agrichemicals, food products etc. Most of the storage and warehousing companies and facilities were did not clearly identified that many such kind materials can a formation of the dangerous material or itself to classified as dangerous substances from fire and flammability point of view and contain a risk to the facility.

During survey of different products/ material stored in different warehouses and logistics facilities across the UK, different materials like aerosol cans of hairspray were seen and stored as simply consumer personal products, even it is containing extremely flammable LPG gas as an aerosol propellant which can result into the major fire hazard if it leaks and get ignition. Although the singular sprayers were effectively marked as containing risky substances but it was not treated and dangerous substance and no special care was taken during the storage of such products.

 You just need to go along the UK's motorway organization to see the value in the development in very enormous warehousing and logistics activities all through the country (which keeps on extending altogether), to get an idea about the how much potential there is for catastrophic events if dangerous substances are not correctly understood and stored with the special precautions during the storage or transportation.

 Introduction to DSEAR and warehousing/logistics:

 Despite the fact that there is a guidelines available for the safe storage of packed dangerous materials, there is, in fact, a bunch of standards and regulations with which the warehouse and logistics industries should be in compliance . These regulations are the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmosphere Regulations (DSEAR) 2015.

DSEAR regulations related to the materials that can resulted into the fire and explosion hazards. This can include variety of standard materials that have identified and  classified as dangerous material that can be explosive or flammable in nature i.e., different liquids and gases, but it can also include most of the combustible dust and powders. Most of the combustible powder and solid./ liquid substances are not classified as dangerous but can have the risk of fire if it is ignited and will lead fires  or explosions hazard, for example most of the food materials (flour, sugars etc.) and other organic powders and dust.

Beside materials, DSEAR regulations will apply to most activities/ operations that are carried out throughout the storage warehousing and logistics/ transportation industries (if materials classified as combustible). The HSE state that a DSEAR can be applicable to any of the following activities/ operations:

 · storage of petrol as a fuel for cars, boats or horticultural machinery

· handling and storage of waste dust in a range of industries

· handling and storage of flammable wastes such as fuel oils

· storage and display of flammable goods, such as paints, in shops

· filling, storing and handling aerosols with flammable propellants such as    LPG

· transporting flammable substances in containers around a workplace

· deliveries from road tankers, such as petrol and bulk powders

· chemical manufacturing, processing and warehousing

· the petrochemical industry, both onshore and offshore

· handling, storage and use of gases under pressure

 like all UK health and safety legislation, the regulations require you to carry out a risk assessment – this time main focused on different work activities/ operations handling materials which are capable of fire and explosion hazards – and objective to prevent fires or explosions events and prevent from resulting consequences.

 Warehousing/logistics equipment:

Primary objective of a DSEAR is to prevent fires and explosion events/ scenarios. Basically, this requires the avoidance of flammable atmosphere (a mixture of fuel and air capable of combustion). Wherever such flammable atmospheres are present and can’t be eliminated on-site, then employer of management should focused on reducing likelihood of the different ignition sources which can be incendive to the available flammable atmosphere.

To reduce the possible ignition sources in the facility, mechanical or electrical equipment which can have potential to create an ignition source and are present within facility where flammable atmosphere can be formed under normal and expected failures in operations needs to be of special type – this is often known as ATEX or Ex rated equipment.

 Understanding site zones

To guarantee that all equipment/ fittings installed in specific hazardous zones are appropriate and suitable, the identification of  the areas or locations where there is possibility of formation of flammable atmospheres and their possible extent/size is done by carrying out a Hazardous Area Classification (HAC) study. This, study outcome will in the identification of the classified areas which is called as Hazardous Zone of flammable atmospheres.

When these zones are known, any mechanical or electrical equipment or fittings as well as fixtures and tools present, must be removed or replaced by special ATEX or EX one in order to eliminate the possible ignition source for the flammable atmosphere.

However, for many companies with we Sigma HSE works the challenge is as stated in a previous blog on how to avoid over-zoning in hazardous areas, is that when they undertake risk assessments for the flammable areas, like DSEAR, they;

‘Err on the side of safety. Whilst this should not be considered to be an issue, it may be over cautious as it can result in larger size of hazardous areas being assigned and, in few cases, a higher than necessary classification of zoning is assigned (i.e. Zone 1/21 instead of Zone 2/22) or by overlap zoning of zoning an entire process area.’

It is important to note that when hazardous zones are revised then a risk assessment must be carried out by the experienced competent and subject matter expert. In order to avoid the incorrect zoning or classification of the areas which can result into a huge amount of financial expense in terms of purchasing and maintaining ATEX or EX certified equipment which are to be installed in the classified areas. .

 Storage of potentially hazardous materials

Clearly, with in most of the warehouse facilities and activities, packaged materials are are normally stored and then transported to the different locations to the end users. For this stored materials, when we consider it in their individual containers, it ensures that the generation of flammable atmospheres is not possible in the warehouse. But, if materials leaks during the materials movement, or if storage container leaks, the likelihood of a flammable atmosphere increases drastically due to the huge number of the material inventory.

In past there were number of fire events had happed due to spillage and leakages of the flammable materials during the storage and transportation of the flammable materials in warehousing facilities, One of the noticeable fire event that resulted in the destruction of the entire warehousing facility at a Boots site in Nottingham  few years ago. In this accidental event, a forklift truck (not certified for use in flammable atmospheres) ran over a leaked aerosol can – the forklift truck were the source of the ignition and that have ignited the present flammable atmosphere of the aerosol and due to the large storage inventory of the aerosol in the warehouse it were resulted in to catastrophic fire incident.

Even if the facility management is sure about the fact that they do not store or handle dangerous substances as inventory in the warehouse, but the ancillary or supporting operations on site can have the involvement of dangerous substances like the Power backup system like Diesel Generator will have the Diesel as the dangerous substance etc. – and hence if the facilities are having anything which can result into fire hazards it is necessary to undertake a DSEAR risk assessment including the Hazardous Area Classification. Other examples of the supporting system may include presence of natural gas-powered boilers and heating systems; LPG or diesel-powered forklift trucks; even recharging electric forklift trucks (due to the generation of hydrogen gas) means that a DSEAR risk assessment is become important in this areas.

 Stock Insurance

The safe storage and supply of goods, the safety of employees and your warehousing facilities infrastructure i.e., warehouses, machinery and transport equipment are of most important for the success of warehousing and logistics business. So, by adherence to the DSEAR regulations, the facility owner/management is avoiding possible potential disasters/ catastrophic event that could severely impact business operations.

We have addressed the topic of insurance for the manufacturing facilities a recent blog that you can read from our official website. Yet, a key observations was the fact that insurance companies are increasingly asking manufacturers if they have carried out a DSEAR assessment. Accordingly, we at Sigma-HSE have had different enquiries from these manufacturer to carry out a DSEAR as requested by insurance companies

Similarly, warehousing and logistics businesses also need understand the relationship between DSEAR and insurance. Although there is not a specific fire and explosion damage insurance policy that can be issued by insurance companies, there are other forms of insurance, that can pay to repair or replace items damaged due to a disaster caused by the above. So, by carrying out a DSEAR assessment, you can reduce the insurance costs by confirming to insurance companies that you have applied a recognized safety regulation to your work environment to avoid the likelihood of the possible fire events and you have adequate controls in place.

 We Sigma HSE are recognized subject matter experts in DSEAR and have carried out number of DSEAR risk assessments for different kind process industries for many years. Our consultants are on hand to discuss your requirements and will work with you to provide suitable and adequate safety solutions.

he Layer Ignition Temperature (LIT) test is conducted to determine the lowest temperature at which a hot surface will ignite a powder when settled as a dust layer.

A gap analysis is the first step in understanding the level at which a facility is, when it comes to process safety. Sigma-HSE carries out the gap analysis to achieve the following: • Benchmark existing process safety standard of a facility • Identify potential areas for improvement • Suggest appropriate steps for achieving better safety standards Our gap analysis is based on OSHA PSM (29 CFR 1910.119) and CCPS Guidelines for Risk Based Process Safety.

ATEX is an acronym of the French Atmospheriques Explosive and is the name commonly given to the two European Directives for controlling explosive atmospheres: 

The test is performed at two controlled relative humidity conditions, an upper humidity of 50% and lower humidity of 15%, in order to see the changes in resistivity as humidity falls The resistivity value will determine whether a material is conductive, static dissipative, or insulating.

Our laboratories generate test data on the flammability, explosivity & reactivity of dust, gases, vapors, and substances. We focus on providing Interpretation of test results to our clients for successful implementation of data.

The test is conducted to assess the behaviour (severity) of combustion propagation through a material deposit on being ignited by an external ignition source.

Hazardous area classification (HAC) identifies the areas in a plant where an explosive or flammable atmosphere may be present under foreseeable circumstances.

Sigma HSE focus on providing Interpretation of test results to our clients for successful implementation of data. Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) test is conducted to determine the lowest spark energy that will ignite a powder when dispersed in air, as a dust cloud.

In India, at various States the lockdown finished few months prior and keeping in mind that a few of us have gotten back to some type of 'ordinariness' in the working environment, there is no question that the Covid-19 pandemic and resulting lockdowns have reformed the manner in which most of us work. Less than two years prior there were no discussions encompassing the up-sides and negatives of telecommuting versus the workplace, now everybody is preferring to have virtual group gatherings and meetings instead of actual workplace meetings. We call this as new normal for the meetings and the gatherings. In most of the company where no actual visits are required, employees try to complete the works and discussions on virtual meetings, nowadays most of the associations/ groups are also havening virtual conferences for the various speeches/ lectures and marketing work. Initially for few months this virtual meetings was slightly difficult for the most of us but as times goes, we have become more comfortable with such virtual meetings and gatherings. Now most of us came to that how we, our functioning lives and the manner in which numerous ventures work now have changed for great.

 Toward the beginning of the First strict lockdown, we, in the same way as other in the business, needed to reconsider and redesign the manner in which most of us work and the manner in which we offer customers our various process safety consulting services like HAZOP, HAZID, QRAs, Hazardous Area Classifications and so on. We all know Safety should not stop due to the various restrictions of this pandemic lockdowns which causes various restrictions for the actual meetings ate the site for providing solutions for the various process safety issues in the process plants. During period of strict restrictions for the actual meetings and travel restriction in various states, as most of us started working remotely we have also started offering our consulting services through virtual meetings for the discussions, we started offering services like online HAZOPs, Online HAC and others to fulfill the process safety needs of various clients. Online HAZOPs turned into the most effective way for the having multi-disciplinary expertise to discuss process safety related issues of the process plants. All in all, in the wake of advancing and undertaking numerous web-based HAZOPs recently and in last one and half year, what have we realized? That we wanted to share in this articles.

 What is a HAZOP?

 A HAZOP study is one of the most well-known and Systematic Process Hazard Analysis tool/ method for analyzing the different process parameters deviations in the selected system for the HAZOP. HAZOP not only addresses the Hazards associated with the process deviations it also includes the operability issues of the plant as its name “Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Study”. Initially created to inspect different Hazards of the process plant by the Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in the 1960s, the prominence of this process hazard analysis tool spread up after the Flixborough incident. After an incident most of the companies are worried and become more concern about the safety of the process plants since most of the process incidents can cause severe harm to the process plant asset, safety of the people working in the plant and population surrounding the plant, plant reputation in the market and environmental hazards on the air quality, nearby water bodies etc.

 As companies are obliged to secure workers during routine activities, the siting of new offices/ facilities and during the change of a current plant conditions, equipment and process parameters, a HAZOP study is the best PHA tools to address these effect of this system related changes in the process plant. In HAZOP we fundamentally survey the danger of the process parameters deviations on the Plant resource, Environment, Operator working in the plant/representatives and hazard to the company reputations. This is a subjective techniques for investigating hazard related with the interaction process parameter deviations if it occurs due to any relevant or feasible cause.

 A HAZOP can be performed at different lifecycle of the process plant - beginning from introductory pilot scale improvement through Front End plan and during commissioning. It can likewise be utilized during any continuous alterations during functional life expectancy. All hazards arising from the process parameter deviations are adequately addressed by the HAZOP, due to its systematic approach for discussing the causes of the deviations and existing safeguards available in system, hence HAZOP has became the most popular and easy to use tool to identify the hazards of the process plants.

 It is normally suggested  to undertake a HAZOP study when all detailed design information like  P&ID  are fixed, process description is finalized and cause & effect is developed. The HAZOP then starts by dividing this P&IDs of complex processing facility into small unit operations i.e. node for the HAZOP study. Set of different deviation guidewords (e.g., more, less, no etc.) is applied to the design parameters/ conditions (e.g. temperature, flow, composition etc.) within the nodes. Following is the typical Block diagram showing the procedure of HAZOP study.

 The Team Challenge

 HAZOP studies are the brainstorming session with multi-disciplinary expertise team exercises that rely on the collective knowledge of a team. This multidisciplinary team usually consists of a group of dedicated and experienced representative from different departments of the plant like instrumentations, process/ operations, maintenance, and design engineer etc.

This team will then have brainstorming session during a HAZOP study led by a facilitator (HAZOP leader or chair) regarding the different parameters in the process. During the session, the HAZOP leader will manage the momentum of the group during the discussion by keeping the group focused on the relevant deviation discussion and will control any unnecessary diversion from the point that is being discussed during study session. During the discussion, , all the relevant points or outcomes are noted/ captured by a HAZOP scribe in a systematic standard template/ format called HAZOP worksheet.

This is where the lockdown challenge the way we used to work before the pandemic. How can get together a multidisciplinary team  of the plant and consultant that may consist of groups that do not usually work together and, in some cases, may live in different locations and how can we share documents and other related data/ information? During the actual session at the plant most of the data is available with the different plant person in their own department mostly in form of hard copies and may be in others forms. Some time the inputs can be taken from the plants also by visual observations.

Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic and strict restriction on the travel and meetings/ gatherings, arranging and conducting online HAZOP studies was the only feasible and viable solution. As most of us ( communities and companies) were suddenly placed under lockdown, have multiple restriction due to the pandemic. Most of started working from home so demand was placed to conduct HAZOP studies virtually/ online. Sigma-HSE was one of the companies to start conducting online HAZOP studies during the pandemic using online meeting platforms such as Microsoft Teams, Go to meetings, Google meet etc.

 Online HAZOP Study Challenges

Generally, a web-based HAZOP study like the conventional HAZOP, however there are a few provisos. These generally includes the use of technology and alternate online behaviours, here in India we most of us were not well familiar with the use of different online tolls like Microsoft teams. Google meets etc. here we used to be more comfortable with working on sites and having actual meetings prior to the Covid 19 Pandemic. But this pandemic changes the way most of us works and in a way forced us to work remotely on different projects whenever possible. After undertaking multiple online HAZOP studies over the last two years,  followings are some findings from the experience:

Similarly as traditional HAZOP, all relevant data required for the study (for example P&ID, Process Description, Cause & Effect Matrix, equipment specifications etc.) needed to be electronically circulated so all HAZOP team members are familiar with the scope of the study and system which is to be analysed during the HAZOP. At the beginning of the pandemic availability of all data in digital format was a main concern across most industries. With the sudden change in the way we all used to work, the key challenge was the to convert the data into digital format and then circulate documents electronically to all team members. During this pandemic most of the companies started to generate and convert existing hard copy of the information in digital formats using technology in form of PDF, JPEG, PNG, Word.

 One more is the most important point for having effective remote assessment/ discussion is reliable and fast internet connection. This has become one of a prerequisite for the virtual studies. Any network disruption or poor internet connection may disturb the momentum of the discussion during the study sessions and may be difficult for the team to complete study in stipulated time. At the starting during start of the pandemic undertaking online HAZOPs, we all have experienced challenges, as some participants in sessions faced poor internet connection issues. Although these issues were not major as per our experience, they did create some lag, However, our facilitator/ HAZOP Charmain was able to maintain the momentum of session through these specific challenges and most of the sessions were completed successfully.

 Ensuring that all team members are comfortable and familiar with the online platform by which the online HAZOP studies will be conducted was one more important point. Now most companies are using online platforms like Microsoft Teams, Zoom and Google Hangouts to have interactions internally within the company, but at the start of the pandemic, participants have had to download, install, and get to know how to use different tools for the communications. Although many of these tools behave in similar ways, difficulties arose due to each tool’s interfaces. Familiarity with IT systems and virtual communication have been improved and most of us are now very comfortable to use platforms for team meetings.

 Communicating digitally is slightly different to that in real life, and as a result, virtual communication etiquette has and continues to be, a bit challenging. There are many behavioural factors that can ensure that online HAZOP meetings run smoothly. Do you keep your camera on or off? Should you mute yourself when you’re not talking? What do you do if the there is some background disturbance at our side? While behaviour doesn’t directly relate to the overall outputs of an online HAZOP, if digital etiquette is not followed, it can certainly become an issue to the momentum and flow of the HAZOP session. Again, an online HAZOP leader or chair can manage the workshop through these specific challenges.

 As the online HAZOP participants were remotely located, team fatigue and interactions were not as easily understood when compared to the traditional HAZOP. Body language and nonverbal cues were not as visible through a computer screen as they usually are when completed face-to-face. Through trial and error, we at Sigma-HSE managed to optimise online HAZOP sessions via the following formula. Optimal sessions were carried out for 4-6 hours a day, with frequent breaks to help ensure that all team members are active, responsive, and able to manage ‘screen’ fatigue. We also conduct a pre-session introduction and briefing meeting (3 days before the session) with all team members. In this short meeting, all participants are instructed on the Process, P&IDs, operating procedures, interlocks, and HAZOP procedure/ worksheet formats. This ultimately helped all team members to study relevant materials and understand the main points of discussion before the HAZOP session began.

 Online HAZOP Advantages

Some advantage of the online HAZOP study is that sessions can be conducted from different locations, no travelling is required for any team member, data can be easily shared if it is available in digital format. This could permit members from various time regions to be available during the discussion. Although this is a huge advantage for global businesses that may have employees working from around the world, the timing of such sessions should be arranged suitably.

 Online HAZOP sessions have also become easier and comfortable to manage and arrange as compared to the traditional onsite HAZOP. As many complex projects will have different stake holders present at different operating sites or countries, during onsite HAZOP it is difficult to have all stake holders at the location due to various issues related to availability and travel requirement. Now in online HAZOP most of the stake holder can give their scheduled time for the sessions from their working locations and no need to travel to the site which required higher number of man-day requirements and also affect their other working schedules. For onsite HAZOP depends on the complexities of project, it can take months to organise a date, time, and location to meet on site for the team , but now for Online HAZOP it is became easier and quick process since the session can be arranged at flexible schedule and as per team availability. At Sigma-HSE, we have experienced that the time required to schedule an session and complete the project almost half due to flexibility of the online HAZOP.

 For Online HAZOP, consultant and team presence on site is not a required, hence organizations have been able to reduce the costs associated with travel and stay arrangements for consultants and team members at the site.

 HAZOP leaders from Sigma HSE:

We Sigma-HSE India private limited offers On site as well as online HAZOP services via extensively experience HAZOP facilitators. Our HAZOP Facilitators are having have a extensive knowledge and expertise in leading HAZOP studies for a different type of manufacturing industries like oil & gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food & beverage etc.

Our HAZOP Facilitators can aid in leading a HAZOP team towards high-quality process safety solutions by having adequate brainstorming of the teams. Most of our HAZOP facilitators are not part of an operating organisation for which HAZOP is being performed, their decision-making processes remain unbiased for the organization. This provides actionable key insights in identifying loop holes which may easily be overlooked operating organisation. Our independent consultants also challenge existing wrong practices followed in the plant and induce the team to have discussion for more appropriate solutions for the issues in the plant.