goat lake, wa, usa

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@sapphicautistic
goat lake, wa, usa

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Otto Wyler - Aare bei Aarau, Philosophenweg (1909)
why is it easier to fall asleep at 5pm than 3am??
Oh, to achieve such levels of contentment. Not thinking about anything, just taking what's there, revelling in the moment.
Ringeltaube (wood pigeon) auf der Karlshöhe, Stuttgart-Süd.
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are there any edible lichens? not necessarily lichens that are eaten, just ones that could be
Very few, but yes! Lichens are hardly ever a preferred food source (they resist cultivation, are slow growing, labor intensive to prepare, not easily digested by the human body, and don't taste great) but are sometimes used as thickeners, flavoring agents, traditional medicines, or as a back-up food source in times of famine. A few of note:
Cetraria islandica, aka Iceland moss, fjallagrasa The only lichen I have really eaten! It is used as a flavor additive, tea, and cough medicine (the efficacy of which is debatable), and is made into alcohol becuase people will make anything into alcohol. I have had traditional Icelandic flatbread made with C. islandica, and regularly drink C. islandica schnaps:
It has a grassy, earthy, kind of musky, tanic flavor. It's an acquired taste, to say the least. But it's grown on me. Bryoria fremontii, aka Wila, edible horsehair lichen
This lichen is incredibly culturally significant to the First Nations people of western North America, and has historically been used as food, medicine, bandage material, building material, diapers, dyes, fiber, and much more! Traditional Salish food preparation involves cleaning, soaking, and baking the lichen in an underground pit oven, the whole process taking several days to form dense, almost gelatinous loaves.
Be warned, however, if this has you thinking about going out and eating some right now: certain chemotypes with a yellow tinge contain toxic vulpinic acid, which is bad for you.
Parmotrema sp., aka, black stone flower, kalpasi, dagad phool
Lichens of this genus from eastern Asia are used as an aromatic spice and thickening agent in some parts of India, and are often hailed for their medicinal properties.
I had a jar of homemade curry spice gifted to me that used it, but can't say that I could really distinguish it from all the other spices.
Circinaria sp., aka manna or heavenly bread
You may have heard how god blessed the Israelites wandering in the desert with "manna from heaven" to stave off their hunger, and there is some ethnobotanical evidence that this was referring to vagrant Circinaria/Aspicilia lichens. It makes some sense: when dry, the lichen is pale and small, and difficult to distinguish from the arid dirt of its preferred habitat, but after rain, it swells and darkens in color, and looks as if it just fell out of the sky! The evidence is let's say, dubious, but it is fun to think about.
This is by no means an exhaustive list--just a few I have looked into. If anyone else has experience with edible lichens, feel free to add on!
Sources and further readings: Edible wild plant use in the Faroe Islands and Iceland Ethnolichenology of Bryoria fremontii: Wisdom of elders, population ecology, and nutritional chemistry Diyarbakir's heavenly bread and other manna of things Kalpasi: The Black Stone Flower spice of Southern India Ethnolichenology—The Use of Lichens in the Himalayas and Southwestern Parts of China
this year I've read multiple books that coincidentally had a character w the same first and last name as one of my exes (a different ex in each book) and another with the same first and last name of a psychiatrist I was taken to as a child. bizarre
girl you would flourish under my dark tutelage
by Aliriza CAKIR
my problem is if i enjoy something enough i will be nitpicking. i Will have things to say about where and how it failed. out of nothing but love straight from my heart. unfortunately this often makes me indistinguishable from a hater who has never experienced joy or kindness. such is the amateur critic's burden.
all of my favourite things are like beautiful racehorses that trip over their own feet a hundred times. but they get back up again. and goddamn, you should see them run.

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just fought a distilled water bottle and everybody lost
my lip is once again swollen &idk why
whoever both commented on and liked that last post, you're either shadowbanned or you have my main blocked. i can't see u
i do prefer that people who block @thatdiabolicalfeminist not follow me here, for presumably obvious reasons.
i was briefly shadowbanned and it was fixed after emailing to complain; ymmv obvs!!
One of the iwan ceilings of Fatima Masumeh Shrine in atabki sahn, Qom, Iran
tragically i can't think of language for color in Homer's works without becoming once more annoyed with that "theory" that "humans clearly didn't have color vision yet back then so he couldn't tell wine and the sea were different colors"
it's been well over a decade since i first encountered that and it STILL makes me wanna yell
THAT'S NOT HOW ANYTHING WORKS!!
you can kind of see the outline of the real thing that got garbled here
but like. sources describing how cultural concepts of color have changed in literature over millennia... are not adequate to an argument challenging BASIC BIOLOGY oh my god

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tragically i can't think of language for color in Homer's works without becoming once more annoyed with that "theory" that "humans clearly didn't have color vision yet back then so he couldn't tell wine and the sea were different colors"
it's been well over a decade since i first encountered that and it STILL makes me wanna yell
THAT'S NOT HOW ANYTHING WORKS!!
“In Greek, whose color lexicon did not stabilize for many centuries, the words most commonly used for blue are glaukos and kyaneos. The latter probably referred originally to a mineral or a metal; it has a foreign root and its meaning often shifted. During the Homeric period it denoted both the bright blue of the iris and the black of funeral garments, but never the blue of the sky or sea. An analysis of Homer’s poetry shows that out of sixty adjectives describing elements and landscapes in the Iliad and Odyssey, only three are color terms, while those evoking light effects are quite numerous. During the classical era, kyaneos meant a dark color: deep blue, violet, brown, and black. In fact, it evokes more the “feeling” of the color than its actual hue. The term glaukos, which existed in the Archaic period and was much used by Homer, can refer to gray, blue, and sometimes even yellow or brown. Rather than denoting a particular color, it expresses the idea of a color’s feebleness or weak concentration. For this reason it is used to describe the color of water, eyes, leaves, or honey.”
— Michel Pastoureau, Blue: The History of a Color (via emmaylor)