Royalty and Nobility Art @royalty-nobility - Tumblr Blog

The Archduchess Isabella Clara Eugenia

Artist: Attributed to Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577-1640)

Date ca. 1616

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Description

Isabella Clara Eugenia was the daughter of King Philip II of Spain, becoming an Archduchess upon her marriage to Albert VII, Archduke of Austria. In 1601, she and her husband were named the rulers of the Spanish Netherlands, which she continued to govern following her husband’s death. Generous patrons of the arts, their court in Brussels attracted artists and architects from across Europe. Peter Paul Rubens was highly favored by the couple, particularly Isabella Clara Eugenia, who came to view him as a trusted political advisor.

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Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort at Aldershot, 9 July 1859

Artist: George Housman Thomas (British, 1824-1868)

Date: ca. 1859-1864

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Royal Collection Trust, London, United Kingdom

Description

In 1859 Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visited Aldershot on a number of occasions. This painting probably depicts the review held there on 9 July which was described by The Times newspaper as one of the best reviews held at Aldershot for a long time. The Queen recorded in her Journal that she rode Alma, a favourite mount, who is shown as a liver chestnut. She wore her scarlet military riding jacket with a General's sash and a General's plume in her riding hat. The troops were commanded by Lieutenant-General Knollys, seen on the left of the painting, riding behind the Queen.

Princess Victoria Aged Four

Artist: Stephen Poyntz Denning (English, (1795-1864)

Date: 1823

Medium: Oil on panel

Collection: Dulwich Picture Gallery, London, United Kingdom

Description

The portrait shows Princess Victoria, later Queen Victoria (1819–1901), aged four, wearing the black finery in mourning for her father, Edward, Duke of Kent (1767–1820). Pictured in a minimal landscape, there is a sense of isolation that reflects the tales of a solitary childhood spent at Kensington Palace, London.

The empty horizon brings an aura of melancholy, a state that was commonly associated with contemporary views of a fatherless child. Even the single gloved hand could be interpreted by early nineteenth-century viewers as melancholic. Despite the subdued mood, there is a wilfulness and confidence in Victoria’s stance, her gaze bright and enquiring. A sense of spring hopefulness is suggested in the flashes of sunlight on the ground, with grey, scumbled clouds pushed out by emerging blue skies.

Gustav (1799–1877), Crown Prince of Sweden, Prince of Wasa

Artist: Franz Seraph Stirnbrand (German, 1788-1882)

Date: 1823

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: National Museum, Stockholm, Sweden

Gustav, Prince of Vasa

Gustav, Prince of Vasa (1799 – 1877), born Crown Prince of Sweden, was the son of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Queen Frederica.

His father's disastrous foreign policies and the loss of Finland caused a military coup. The royal family was placed under house arrest and later forced into exile.

The Gustavian Party and Queen Charlotte attempted to keep Prince Gustav in the line of succession. However, the Swedish Riksdag ultimately passed him over, leading to the election of the French Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (later King Charles XIV Johan.

Portrait of Sophia, Princess Palatine

Artist: Gerrit van Honthorst (Dutch, 1592-1656)

Date: 1641

Medium: Oil on oak panel

Collection: Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI, United States

Sophia of Hanover

Sophia (1630 – 1714) was Electress of Hanover from 1692 to 1698 as the consort of Prince-Elector Ernest Augustus. She was later the heiress presumptive to the thrones of England (later Great Britain following the Act of Union with Scotland in 1707), and Ireland under the Act of Settlement 1701, as she was the granddaughter of King James VI and I. Sophia died less than two months before she would have become Queen of Great Britain and Ireland. Consequently, her son George succeeded her first cousin once removed, Queen Anne, to the British throne. The succession to the throne has since been composed entirely of, and legally defined as, Sophia's legitimate Protestant descendants.

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Frederick William, Crown Prince of Prussia (1831-88), later Fredrick III, Emperor of Germany

Artist: Anton Weber (German, 1833-1909)

Date: Before 24 Dec 1889

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Royal Collection Trust, London, United Kingdom

Frederick III, German Emperor

Prince Frederick William of Prussia (1831-88), known affectionately as ‘Fritz’, was the only son of William I, King of Prussia, Emperor of Germany, and Augusta, daughter of Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. In 1858 he married Victoria, Princess Royal, the eldest daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Though a victorious commander in the Prussian War (1870 – 71), his liberal sympathies made his position at court in the following years difficult. He succeeded his father as Emperor in 1888, but ruled for only 98 days, before succumbing to throat cancer.

Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1800-1831)

Artist: Paul Emil Jacobs (German, 1802-1866)

Date: ca. 1834-1866

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Royal Collection Trust, London, United Kingdom, Located at the Prince Consort's Dressing Room & Writing Room, Osborne House

Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (Louise Dorothea Pauline Charlotte Fredericka Auguste, 1800 – 1831) was the wife of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (later of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) and the mother of Duke Ernst II and Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria.

Often described as the "Diana of the 19th century," her life was defined by a loveless marriage, scandalous divorce, banishment from her children, and a tragically early death.

Stanisław Leszczyński (1677–1766), King of Poland, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, 1711

Artist: David von Krafft (German-Swedish, 1655–1724)

Date: n. d.

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: National Museum / Gripsholm Castle, Stockholm, Sweden

Stanisław Leszczyński

Stanisław Leszczyński (1677–1766) was an 18th-century nobleman who served as the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania for two non-consecutive terms (1704–1709 and 1733). Caught between the geopolitical ambitions of Sweden, Russia, and Saxony, his life pivoted to France where he became an Enlightenment-era Duke of Lorraine.

Born into a powerful magnate family, Leszczyński was placed on the Polish throne by King Charles XII of Sweden, who had invaded the Commonwealth and deposed Augustus II. His reign ended abruptly when the Swedish forces were defeated by Russia at the Battle of Poltava in 1709. Augustus II reclaimed the throne, and Stanisław was forced into exile.

Leszczyński settled in France. His fortunes changed dramatically when his daughter, Maria, married King Louis XV of France in 1725, making Stanisław the father-in-law of the French king.

Upon the death of Augustus II, Stanisław returned to Poland to reclaim the throne with French backing. However, Russia and Austria intervened, backing Augustus III, which sparked the War of the Polish Succession. Besieged in Gdańsk and unsupported, Stanisław abdicated his claims in 1736.

As compensation for his abdication, he was granted the Duchy of Lorraine and Bar for life. There, he became a celebrated patron of the arts, sciences, and architecture, turning the region into a cultural hub.

After his death, his remains were eventually laid to rest in the royal crypt at Wawel Cathedral in Kraków.

Joanna of Austria (1547-1578), Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Mother of Marie de Medici

Artist: Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, (1577–1640)

Date: 1621-1625

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Louvre Museum, Paris, France

Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

Joanna of Austria (1547–1578) was a Habsburg Archduchess who served as the Grand Duchess of Tuscany. Her loveless, politically driven marriage to Francesco I de' Medici was marred by her husband's infidelity and her severe congenital health issues. She died tragically young at 31, leaving behind a profound political and cultural legacy.

Joanna was born in Prague, the youngest of 15 children, the youngest daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. She never knew her mother and eldest sister as her mother died two days after Joanna's birth and her sister Elisabeth, Queen of Poland, died two years before Joanna was born.

Her marriage to Francesco I de' Medici, took place on 18 December 1565 in Florence. On the occasion Cosimo had ordered twelve triumphal arches to be erected each an allegory of victory, religion and joy.

On 10 April 1578, Joanna – heavily pregnant with her eighth child – fell from the stairs at the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. Some hours later, she prematurely gave birth to a son, who died immediately. She died the next day on 11 April. Francesco subsequently married his mistress, Bianca Cappello, making her grand duchess.

The mysterious circumstances around this accident caused rumours accusing her husband and his mistress of murdering her, so that they could be married. However, modern medical investigation of her remains confirm the official reports of her death as caused by the birth (the child presented arm first, and Joanna suffered a ruptured uterus). Joanna suffered from scoliosis: her spine and pelvis were severely deformed. It is clear from the condition of her pelvis that her previous births had been difficult, and it seems remarkable that she had survived them.

Portrait of Francesco I de' Medici (1541-1587), Grand Duke of Tuscany, Son of Cosimo I and Father of Marie de' Medici

Artist: Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577–1640)

Date: ca. 1621-1625

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Louvre Museum, Paris, France

Francesco I de' Medici

Francesco I (1541 – 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587. He was a member of the House of Medici.

Born in Florence, Francesco was the son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleanor of Toledo. He served as regent for his father Cosimo after he retired from his governing duties in 1564.

Cosimo I had left a stable state and a group of loyal men that took care of government, as Francesco was far more occupied with scientific research and his love life than political affairs. A fascinating character, he died in mysterious circumstances, leaving an important legacy to his city.

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Portrait of Anne of Austria (1601-1666), Queen of France, wife of Louis XIII and mother of Louis XIV

Artist: Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577-1640)

Date: ca. 1620-1625

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Louvre Museum, Paris, France

Anne of Austria

Anne of Austria (1601–1666) was Queen of France from 1615 to 1643 by marriage to King Louis XIII. A Spanish Habsburg, she overcame decades of political isolation and a difficult marriage to give birth to the future Louis XIV. As regent, she successfully steered France through the tumultuous Fronde rebellions

Born Ana María Mauricia on September 22, 1601, in Valladolid, Spain, to King Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria. At just 14 years old, she married the 14-year-old King Louis XIII of France in 1615, sealing an alliance between the rival Habsburg and Bourbon dynasties. The marriage was largely loveless and distant. Louis XIII often treated her with cold reserve, and the couple went over two decades without producing an heir, sparking severe court friction.

When Louis XIII died in 1643, Anne outmaneuvered her opponents to become sole regent to her four-year-old son, Louis XIV, and appointed Cardinal Mazarin as chief minister. The Fronde, a major revolt by the French nobility against Anne and Mazarin's government, broke out but was ultimately suppressed. In 1651, Anne's regency formally ended when Louis was declared of age. Accounts of French court life of her era emphasize her closeness to her son, and her disapproval of his infidelity to her niece and daughter-in-law Maria Theresa. She retired from active politics in 1661 and moved to the convent she had commissioned, Val-de-Grâce, where she died of breast cancer five years later.

Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, Prince of Oneglia

Artist: Anthony Van Dyck (Flemish, 1599-1641)

Date: 1624

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Dulwich Picture Gallery, London, England

Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy (1588–1624)

Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy (1588 – 1624) was the third son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and was Viceroy of Sicily between 1622 and 1624.

Emmanuel was created Prince of Oneglia in 1620, and Viceroy of Sicily in 1621. Decorated with emblems of the House of Savoy, the armour the Prince wears in this portrait is preserved in the Royal Armouries in Madrid, Spain.

Portrait of Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of the French

Artist: Pierre-Désiré Guillemet (French, 1827-1878), After Franz Xaver Winterhalter (German, 1805–1873)

Date: 1857

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Louvre Museum, Paris, France

Eugénie de Montijo

Eugénie de Montijo (1826 – 1920) was Empress of the French from her marriage to Napoleon III on 30 January 1853 until he was overthrown on 4 September 1870. From 28 July to 4 September 1870, she was the de facto head of state of France.

Born to prominent Spanish nobility, Eugénie was educated in France, Spain, and England. As Empress, she used her influence to champion "authoritarian and clerical policies"; her involvement in politics earned her much criticism from contemporaries. Napoléon and Eugénie had one child together, Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial (1856–1879). After the fall of the Empire, the three lived in exile in England; Eugénie outlived both her husband and son and spent the remainder of her life working to commemorate their memories and the memory of the Second French Empire.

Louis XVI, King of France (1754-1793)

Artist: Jean-Baptiste-François Carteaux (French, 1751-1813)

Date: 1791

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Palace of Versailles, Paris, France

Louis XVI

Louis XVI (1754 – 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution.

Grandson of Louis XV, whom he succeeded in 1774, Louis XVI was ill-prepared to assume the throne. Resistant to new ideas despite a genuine interest in scientific and technological progress, and indecisive and easily influenced, the king lacked the courage to support the reforms proposed by his ministers. His reign was marked by a series of political and economic crises that would ultimately lead to the destruction of the Ancien Régime.

In 1789, under pressure from the Third Estate, he was forced to accept the transformation of the Estates-General into the National Assembly, as well as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Increasingly influenced by Queen Marie Antoinette, he attempted to resist the inevitable metamorphosis of France that was then beginning. Held hostage by the people of Paris since the October Days of 1789, and wounded in his conscience particularly by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, he never truly considered compromise, as evidenced by his failed escape in June 1791, which ended with his arrest in Varennes and caused him to definitively lose the people's trust. On September 14, 1791, he accepted the Constitution and swore allegiance to the nation: stripped of his millennia-old power by divine right, he was now simply the King of the French .

Queen Henrietta Maria with Sir Jeffrey Hudson

Artist: Sir Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, 1599 - 1641

Date: 1633

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, United States

Description

Henrietta Maria, daughter of King Henri IV of France and sister of King Louis XIII, exerted a strong influence on court fashion and protocol, and introduced continental fashions and Italianate gardens to England. Van Dyck portrayed her dressed for the hunt in a brilliant blue satin riding costume with a delicate lace collar instead of the stiff and formal Elizabethan ruff still widely in use. Whereas the queen's graceful pose and demure expression are at once regal and endearing, her stylish wide-brim feathered black hat and shimmering dress create a sense of vibrancy and vitality.

The queen's love of entertainment is symbolized by the presence of 14-year-old Sir Jeffrey Hudson and Pug the monkey, both royal favorites. Hudson's services had been offered to the queen when he was a young boy. He possessed a ready wit and became one of the queen's trusted advisors, even joining her in exile in France in the early years of the English Civil Wars (1642–1651).

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Portrait of Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino

Artist: Titian (Pieve di Cadore) (Italian, c. 1488/90-1576)

Date: ca. 1537

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Uffizi Galleries, Florence, Italy

Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino

Eleonora Gonzaga (1493–1570) was a highly educated and politically astute Italian noblewoman who served as Duchess of Urbino. As the wife of Duke Francesco Maria I della Rovere, she successfully governed the duchy as regent during his exiles and acted as a celebrated Renaissance patron of the arts.

Archduke Albert of Austria

Artist: Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577-1640)

Date: ca. 1615

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain

Albert Vi, Archduke of Austria

Archduke Albert VII of Austria (1559–1621) was a prominent Habsburg prince who served as the Viceroy of Portugal and the sovereign ruler of the Spanish Netherlands. He is best remembered for governing the Southern Low Countries during a period of cultural flourishing and for helping orchestrate the Twelve Years' Truce with the Dutch Republic.

Archduke Albert was the fifth son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Spain, daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella of Portugal. He was sent to the Spanish Court at the age of eleven, where his uncle, King Philip II, looked after his education, where he was apparently quite intelligent. Initially he was meant to pursue an ecclesiastical career. On 3 March 1577 he was appointed cardinal by Pope Gregory XIII, with a dispensation because of his age of eighteen, and was given Santa Croce in Gerusalemme as his titular church. Philip II planned to make Albert archbishop of Toledo as soon as possible, but the incumbent, Gaspar de Quiroga y Sandoval, lived much longer than expected; he died on 12 November 1594. In the meantime Albert only took lower orders. He was never ordained priest or bishop, and thus he resigned the See of Toledo in 1598. He resigned the cardinalate in 1598. His clerical upbringing did however have a lasting influence on his lifestyle

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