Help
Iām taking an online french course and itās so rigorous and tedious. You need to have an 80% or higher on every assignment, test and conversation. If you donāt get an 80 you get dropped from the class
taylor price

blake kathryn
One Nice Bug Per Day

titsay
šŖ¼

ā
PUT YOUR BEARD IN MY MOUTH
Today's Document
DEAR READER

#extradirty

Mike Driver
todays bird

JBB: An Artblog!
Alisa U Zemlji Chuda
styofa doing anything

Kiana Khansmith
ojovivo

tannertan36
Sweet Seals For You, Always
seen from United States

seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from T1

seen from Greece
seen from Portugal

seen from Greece
seen from United States
seen from Japan
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States

seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from South Korea

seen from Türkiye
seen from United States

seen from United States
seen from United States

seen from United States
@rachelslangs
Help
Iām taking an online french course and itās so rigorous and tedious. You need to have an 80% or higher on every assignment, test and conversation. If you donāt get an 80 you get dropped from the class

Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
Free to watch ⢠No registration required ⢠HD streaming
Ok so after searching for jobs that I know will allow me to use both my linguistics and French degree. I think I want to be a french linguist/editor for video games. That seems cool
Sooo I may have changed my ESL major to linguistics out of what I can only think of as frustration. I guess Iāll see where this takes me
This is my cat Princess Yue (yes. The princess Yue from the last air bender). Sheās needy and a complete goof and I love her
(for @cadernodaju) coucou tout le monde! Ā Basically this is an outline of what basic grammar/vocabulary you should know at each CEFR level, but as a disclaimer I would like to note that I am not fluent in the French language. Everything from C1-C2 is what Iāve heard speakers say they study at that level, it is not from experience since I am only at around a B2 myself. Also, this is but a brief outline for REVIEW, if you are studying any of these French levels for the first time I reccommend you visit my more in depth french posts here (x) (x) or my posts/french tag
basic user
A1 breakthroughĀ
basic greetings and goodbyes
can introduce yourself and others
talk about things you like/like to do
discuss where you live
tell what things you have
describe yourself and others with traits
order food
review for A1-
100 most common french verbs
basic sentence structure in french
greetings and goodbyes
basic phrases
personality vocab
A2 waystageĀ
describe the environment around you
talk about daily routine
basic details about your past and family
talk about school/employment
review for A2-
daily routine vocab
passƩ composƩ or imparfait?
school vocab
futur proche
directions in french
the imperative
reflexive verbs
demonstrative pronouns
independent user
B1 thresholdĀ
deal with most situations that arise when traveling
talk in detail about personal interests
discuss dreams, ambitions, and opinions with brief explanations
discuss plans
tell short stories
review for B1 -
the conditionalĀ
the future
job vocabulary
discussing plans
y and en
story vocabulary
object pronouns
useful argument/opinion phrases
idioms
future perfect
present participle
B2 vantageĀ
give the advantages and disadvantages of an opinion/viewpoint
talk about abstract concepts
discuss a variety of topicsĀ
can interect with a native speaker while experiencing little strain
review for B2-
essay writing vocab
more essay writing
the subjunctive (x) (x) (x)
science vocabulary (x) (x) (x)
math vocabulary
political vocabulary (x) (x)
arts vocabulary
plus que parfait
past conditional
proficient user
C1 effective operational efficiencyĀ
can express yourself fluently without having to notably pause or look for the right word
use the language flexibly for social, academic, and professional purposes
talk about complex topics with fluidity and organisation
review for C1 -
active and passive voice
passƩ antƩrieur
passƩ simple
past imperative
relative pronounsĀ
conjuctionsĀ
C2 mastery
can summarise information from other sources
reconstruct arguments and accounts
understand underlying meanings in conversation
express yourself fluenty
review for C2 -
pluperfect subjunctive
DALF C2 review
sample DALF test
personal review of DALF c1 and c2
how to prepare for DALF

Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
Free to watch ⢠No registration required ⢠HD streaming
Why are you learning Ainu since it's an indigenous language?
Hi! You can learn indigenous/ethnic/regional/minority languages if natives arenāt against it.Ā
āEvery two weeks, a language dies. The world is diminished when it loses its human sayings, just as when it loses its diversity of plants and beasts.ā Eduardo Galeano
So by learning a language you are saving it from dying and keeping it alive for further generations
No, not really. Enthusiastic polyglots canāt save languages by learning them. To save a language the native speakers must speak it, use it, and pass it to future generations. If you are interested in reading about language death and preservation, I recommend Language Death by David Crystal. You can find the PDF online.Ā
Relatable.Ā
Verlan: What is it, how does it work and where does it come from ?
Formation, rules and processes
Every language develops at some point in its history a slang; that is to say a non-standard form of language where structures and words are altered to different extents. For instance, everyone has heard of Cockney Rhyming Slang. CRS sees the replacement of an expression by a different one but with which it rhymes. A common example can be āto have a butcherāsā, which is short forĀ ā a butcherās hookā which itself replacesĀ āto have a lookā where the rhymed elementĀ āhookā is deleted which gives zero clue as to which word to look for.Ā
French slang has a name; that isĀ āverlanā. āVerlanā is itself a product of its creating system, meaning that the word underwent a process ofĀ āverlanisationā, i.e: inverting syllables.Ā āVerlanā comes from the phraseĀ āĆ lāenversā, where the initial āĆ ā was dropped and the second syllable <-vers> was put before the first one <lāen>, giving the /vÉŹlÉĢ/ pronunciation and the simplified orthography. Verlan has been strongly associated with the lower classes of suburbs and poorest areas of cities. But it is also associated with young people whose parents are from former French colonies, especially North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa because of the sociological composition of suburbs at the time when verlan was getting attention, also because of the clichĆ© that sees suburbs being mostly populated by former immigrants and their descendants. However, verlan is not restricted to ethnicities. Its usage is more sociolectal than ethnolectal.Ā
This is the basis of the Verlan system, inverting syllables in words. The words that experience verlanisation are often dissyllabic:
citĆ© ==> tĆ©ci (slang for āthe hoodā)
quartier ==> tierquar (āneighbourhoodā)
ghetto ==> toguĆ© (āghettoā)
manger ==> gĆ©man (āto eatā)
merci ==> cimerĀ (āthanksā)Ā
tomber ==> bĆ©ton (in the phraseĀ ālaisse tomberā, meaningĀ āforget it, drop itā)
branchĆ© ==> chĆ©bran (Ā āto be hipā, no longer in used, old-fashioned verlan, dated)
bizarreĀ ==> zarbi (āstrangeā,Ā āweirdā. Also used for the name in French for the Unown PokĆ©mon)
However, there are many monosyllabic words that are changed too. These monosyllabic words most often see the inversion of the initial and final consonants and the alteration of the remaining vowel. Such examples are as follows:
juif ==> feuj (ājewā,Ā ājewishā)
femme ==> meuf (āwomanā,Ā āgirlā,Ā āgirlfriendā)
mec ==> keumĀ (āblokeā,Ā ādudeā, āguyā.Ā āMecā is also slang)
fĆŖteĀ ==> teuf (āpartyā)Ā
flic ==> keuf (ācopā,Ā āpolicemanā.Ā āFlicā is itself a slang word)
nez ==> zenĀ (ānoseā)
pieds ==> iĆØpsĀ (āfootā)
jointĀ ==> oinjĀ (ājointā to smoke weed)Ā
black ==> keubla (āa black personā)Ā
Youāll notice that in the majority of cases of verlanised monosyllabic words, the remaining vowel is drastically changed: /É„i/, /a/, /É/ and /i/ are harmonised into [Å] or [Ćø] and . This happens because of the treatment of the finalĀ āeā, which is in French mostly mute. However, when applying the Verlan Inversion System on the word, it treats them as if they were also dissyllabic and searches for a second syllable. This second syllable is found by pronouncing theĀ āe muetā (as inĀ āfemmeā /fam/ andĀ āfĆŖteā /fÉt/) but in words likeĀ ājuifā,Ā āmecā orĀ āflicā there is no suchĀ āeā to utter. Therefore the Verlan Inversion System will insert anĀ āeā even though there was none in the original word. And since French treats its schwas [É] like [Å] or [Ćø] , the orthography is changed to accommodate this pronunciation, with <eu> instead of a mere <e>. Words with more than two syllables have a fluctuating verlanised form.Ā āCigaretteā can beĀ āgaretteā orĀ āgaretteciā.Ā
Verlanisation can also be combined with other processes like with an apocope or a second verlanisation. The best example of the latter is the path taken by the wordĀ āarabeā.Ā āArabeā (āarabicā) was verlanised intoĀ ābeurā but this form fell out of use because of its usage by people who were not from the suburbs denatured it. It didnāt feel like it was a verlan word anymore, it didnāt sound like coded speech anymore, it was too widespread and not exclusive enough. So it went through a second process of inversion that gave ārebeuā (orĀ āreubeuā depending on the pronunciation of the former mute āeā).Ā āArabeā >Ā āBeurā >Ā āRebeuā. Regarding apocopes, we have the words ā frĆØreā > ārefrĆ©ā > āreufā ; āparentsā > ārenpasā > ārenpsā. You see that the syllables <-rĆ©> and <-a> are deleted.Ā
So now that we know what verlan is and how it works, how did it come about ? Where does it come from ? How long has it been in use ?Ā
(x)
Origins and sociolinguistics of verlan
The origins of this French slang is everything but clear. It is hard to say when verlan actually came in use on a large scale. Historians and linguists have been able to find traces of syllable inversions as far back as the 12th century. Lefkowitz (1991, pp 50-54) mentions that verlan was a linguistic game at the time, that in āTristan and Isoldeā Tristan reversed the order of the syllables of his names to remain hidden from the queen of Ireland. In the 14th century, this form of slang was used in the criminal underworld and in the homosexual circles to avoid being overheard.Ā
French writer Auguste Le Breton claims that he invented the word āverlenā with an <e>, in an interview with Le Monde in 1985. Indeed, there are traces of verlen/verlan in his 1953 book,Ā Du rififi chez les hommes. He was well-known in and was a part of the underworld and was well-versed in their speech and method of coding. However, pretending that he invented it is quite a stretch since there are centuries-old testimonies of it. For instance, it is speculated that Voltaire (who is the top illustration of this post. I scrambled his picture before I even knew Iād talk about him) took his nom-de-plume by changing the order of the city or Airvault, where a part of his family is from. It was used mostly by criminals up to the very late 20th century, when people from French colonies came by the thousands in mainland France. Its use skyrocketed in the 1970s and was popularised in the 1980s and 90s thanks to the emergence of young hip-hop artists that used verlan in their songs. The hip-hop movement, much like in the USA, resonated with people who were, economically and socially, on the fringe of society. People who had come to France and their children were often put in large newly-constructed and cheap buildings of poor quality and design.Ā
Verlan developed in these economically-marginalised areas because it also offered an instrument of social empowerment to its speakers. It allowed them to exclude those that were not part of their shared social environments. It gave them the opportunity to create their own community and select those who will be a member of it in an attempt to fight the seclusion that was imposed on them. Verlan is an identity-marker. Its words sprinkled here and there in sentences show implicitly where one comes from.Ā
I mentioned earlier the case of the wordĀ ābeurā which had experienced a second verlanisation. This case is symbolic of the identity-charged nature of verlan; because the wordĀ ābeurā had got in the more mainstream Frenches, it had lost its power to hold off non-speakers. As Alena PodhornĆ”-PolickĆ” (2006) explains, verlan in the 1980s and 90s was seen as something hip and trendy, something that had to be used to show that one wasĀ āinā and still in touch with the youth. PodhornĆ”-PolickĆ” speaks of the success of the word as a type ofĀ ācultural appropriationā, which left those who could use verlan words without their linguistic gates. Their community gates had been busted open by the mainstream society. So in order to regain what was lost, words likeĀ ābeurā were inverted once more into āreubeuā to show that the former formĀ ābeurā was not anymore a token of verlan.Ā
The spreading of verlan is also emblematic of a certain period in the history of the country. It is emblematic of a France that wanted to embrace its multiculturalism, its zenith happened in 1998 when France won at home the Football World Championship. The team was held as a herald of what France should be like; diverse, ambitious, accepting. The team was comprised of players whose ascendancy was from sub-Saharan Africa and French West Indies, North Africa or other European countries. This diversity gave rise to the phraseĀ āBlack Blanc Beurā.Ā The success of a multi-cultural team facilitated the acceptation of slang verlan words into more common forms of speech.
Verlan is also strongly stigmatised when used out of proper contexts. As I underlined, its strong affiliation with the poor and sometimes violent suburbs contributes to its image of uncouthness and lack of education.Ā
tl;dr Verlan is a process of French slang which sees the inversion of syllables in words, the result is often dissyllabic and because of the phonotactics of French the vowel often ends up being an [Å] despite its original quality. Traces of verlan can be found as far back the 12th and 14th century but was used in context speech coding and was limited to the underworld and homosexual circles. Today it is associated with the youth (mostly sons and daughters of immigrants) of poor and (sometimes violent) suburbs. Verlan was popularised in the 1980s and 90s through the success of hip-hop songs, making the youth, hip-hop and slang in France three tightly-linked aspects of the lives of suburb-dwellers. Though it can be seen as a badge to show where one is from, verlan can be used by people outside of these circles to bolster theirĀ āstreet credā. Verlan can be an identity-builder for many users, it can also be an obstacle when used in the wrong contexts given the prejudices that are linked to this form of speech and where it is mostly used.
Sources and further readings:
Les Aspects Stylistiques de la Verlanisation,Ā Alena PodhornĆ”-PolickĆ” (2006)
Verlan et back-slangs autour du mondeĀ
Lāenvers du verlanĀ
«Wesh», symbole de la vitalité de la langue française, Slate.fr
Do you speak verlan? , The Guardian
Le FranƧais de demain
Verlan
French Verlan for Dummies
The two types of language learners:
Person 1: I canāt wait to know a few phrases so I can communicate in my target language!
Person 2: I REFUSE TO SPEAK A SINGLE WORD UNTIL I KNOW ALL THE GRAMMATICAL RULES AND ALL THE SYNTAX AND MORPHOL-
Can you guys point me in the direction of some Spanish langblrs?

Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
Free to watch ⢠No registration required ⢠HD streaming
Spanish basic phrases
Hola. - Hello/Hi
Buenos dĆas. - Good morning
Buenas tardes. - Good afternoon
Buenas noches. - Good night/evening
Me llamo (insert name). - My name is ⦠(literally āI call myself ā¦ā) (Pronounced āMay yah-moh ā¦ā)
ĀæCómo se llama (usted)?. - What is your name? or What is his/her name? Use āustedā to mean specifically you (formal)(Pronounced ākoh-moh say Yah-mah?ā)
¿Cómo estÔ usted? - How are you?
Estoy bien. - I am good.
Gracias. - Thank you.
Por favor. - Please.
Lo siento. - Iām sorry.
SĆ. - Yes
No. - No
Adiós. - Goodbye/Bye
me: *looking at childrenās books in the language im studying*
me: *understands 3 words in a single sentence*
me: I CAN READ!!!!!!!!!!
Date a cutie who learns your native language to surprise you
In celebration of reaching 3k followers!
A R A B I C : @arabic-langblr
C H I N E S E : @multilingual-musings, @langblog, @aspoonfuloflanguage
D U T C H : @onzin-en-talen, @helaasāpindakaas, @join-the-dutch-clan, @nederlandsedingen, @lalinguistique
F I N N I S H : @languagesandshootingstars, @finnishfun
G E R M A N : @deutsian, @dialect-warrior, @cloip, @marvelous-language, @learngermanblog, @languagepixie, @suplanguages, @athenastudying
F R E N C H : @frenchy-french. @lemonadeandlanguages, @salutcavaouiettoi, @parisbian, @francais-formidable, @prepolyglot, @jeparletoutesleslangues
I T A L I A N : @plurilinguismo, @langsandlit, @italianoacasa, @sciogli-lingua, @comaremena, @learninghowtopasta, @unearthitaly
J A P A N E S E : @aidoku
N O R W E G I A N : @whatlanguageisthis, @henvin, @fremmedsprak, @kjaerekrake, @vocablrs
P O R T U G U E S E : @brasilian-bs, @polyglotpearl, @langblr-brasil
S P A N I S H : @spanishskulduggery, @spanishlandia, @spanishahora, @polyglotten, @langsandculture, @foxlanguages, @languagesaregay, @polyglot-oneday
S W E D I S H: @organizedstudy, @svensklangblr, @scandiblr
R E S O U R C E S: @lovelybluepanda
M E M E S / H U M O R : @languagebender, @sprachtraeume, @gayforlangs
R A N D O MĀ S T U F FĀ IĀ L I K EĀ O NĀ M YĀ D A S H : @languagemoon, @pkeoj, @somalang, @she-learns, @amygdalalangblr, @pastel-languages, @malteseboy, @areistotle
L I N G U I S T I C S : @culmaer, @linguisten

Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
Free to watch ⢠No registration required ⢠HD streaming
Ways to say āIām doneā š«š· (like the dramatic i give up)
Iām in exam week so thatās my current vocab
Jāen peux plus = Iāve had enough
Jāen ai marre = a way to say āIām doneā
Cāest bon, jāarrĆŖte = thatās it, Iām stopping
Jāabandonne = I give up
Cāest tellement relou = Itās so annoying
Je veux mourir = I wanna die
yay.