Not but seriously though, read about the Philadelphia Parade in 1918:
When the Fourth Liberty Loan Drive parade stepped off on September 28, some 200,000 people jammed Broad Street, cheering wildly as the line of marchers stretched for two miles. Floats showcased the latest addition to Americaâs arsenal â floating biplanes built in Philadelphiaâs Navy Yard. Brassy tunes filled the air along a route where spectators were crushed together like sardines in a can. Each time the music stopped, bond salesmen singled out war widows in the crowd, a move designed to evoke sympathy and ensure that Philadelphia met its Liberty Loan quota.
But aggressive Liberty Loan hawkers were far from the greatest threat that day. Lurking among the multitudes was an invisible peril known as influenzaâand it loves crowds. Philadelphians were exposed en masse to a lethal contagion widely called âSpanish Flu,â a misnomer created earlier in 1918 when the first published reports of a mysterious epidemic emerged from a wire service in Madrid.
For Philadelphia, the fallout was swift and deadly. Two days after the parade, the cityâs public health director Wilmer Krusen, issued a grim pronouncement: âThe epidemic is now present in the civilian population and is assuming the type found in naval stations and cantonments [army camps].â
Within 72 hours of the parade, every bed in Philadelphiaâs 31 hospitals was filled. In the week ending October 5, some 2,600 people in Philadelphia had died from the flu or its complications. A week later, that number rose to more than 4,500. With many of the cityâs health professionals pressed into military service, Philadelphia was unprepared for this deluge of death.
Attempting to slow the carnage, city leaders essentially closed down Philadelphia. On October 3, officials shuttered most public spaces â including schools, churches, theaters and pool halls. But the calamity was relentless. Understaffed hospitals were crippled. Morgues and undertakers could not keep pace with demand. Grieving families had to bury their own dead. Casket prices skyrocketed. The phrase âbodies stacked like cordwoodâ became a common refrain.
With summer, the Spanish flu seemed to subside. But the killer was merely laying in wait, set to return in the fall and winterâtypical peak flu seasonâmore lethal than before. As Philadelphia planned its parade, bound to be a large gathering, director of public health Krusen had ignored the growing concerns of other medical experts and allowed the parade to proceed, even as a deadly outbreak raged on nearby military bases.
A political appointee, Krusen publicly denied that influenza was a threat, saying with assurance that the few military deaths were âold-fashioned influenza or grip.â He promised a campaign against coughing, spitting and sneezing, well aware that two days before the scheduled parade, the nationâs monthly draft call-up had been cancelled because army camps, including nearby Camp Dix in New Jersey and Camp Meade in Maryland, were overwhelmed by a conflagration of virulent influenza. Philadelphiaâs parade poured gasoline on the flames.
Krusenâs decision to let the parade go on was based on two fears. He believed that a quarantine might cause a general panic. In fact, when city officials did close down public gatherings, the skeptical Philadelphia Inquirer chided the decision. âTalk of cheerful things instead of disease,â urged the Inquirer on October 5. âThe authorities seem to be going daft. What are they trying to do, scare everybody to death?â
And, like many local officials, Krusen was under extreme pressure to meet bond quotas, which were considered a gauge of patriotism. Caught between the demands of federal officials and the public welfare, he picked wrong.
History is there to remind us of what not to do, as much as it is there to remind us what we should do.
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