Neuro Hacking

  Also, while I'm here, I want to inform everyone of how incredible effective I've discovered glycine is at improving sleep quality - to the point that taking 3 grams a couple hours before sleep, 5 hours of sleep or less feels like 7 or 8 or more. If you're trying to get by and function well on reduced sleep time, glycine gets my highest recommendation as one of the most effective top-level supplements I've found so far.

Deprenyl: A Mood Boosting and Anti-Aging Nootropic Drug

  Deprenyl is an anti-depressant drug that was discovered in Hungary more than 30 years ago. Since that time, it has undergone a number of clinical studies and has been widely prescribed for several different medical purposes. Deprenyl is an MAO-B inhibitor and is sometimes used for off-label purposes as a dopaminergic nootropic supplement. As a drug, during the 1990′s this actually became the standard treatment for Parkinson’s Disease after it was shown to be more effective than L-Dopa treatments. There is a lot of evidence suggesting that L-Deprenyl (Selegiline, Anipryl, Eldepryl) may possess significant anti-aging and neuro-protective properties.

Deprenyl belongs to a class of medications known as Phenethylamines. Technically speaking, it is a derivative of levomethamphetamine with a propargyl group attached to its nitrogen atom. This also is partly responsible for the drug being considered as an MAO-B inhibitor. As such it is primarily responsible for helping to regulate levels of Dopamine within the brain. Dopamine is important both for supporting a positive mood and for cognitive functions related to attention, planning and inhibition control. Using Deprenyl can provide a number of nootropic benefits, but you need a prescription to use it in the USA.

Deprenyl Effects:

Although all of the specific mechanisms and methods of action for Deprenyl are not fully understood there are some clues. For one thing, this drug helps to increase several neural growth factors. These include superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Glutathione is also enhanced. It also works by metabolizing into methamphetamine. Interestingly enough, despite this conversion, it is not regarded as being psychoactive and it does not create or lead to addiction of any type.

  This drug is one of the few (possibly the only) chemicals known to actually stimulate the substantia nigra which is a tiny area of the brain exceptionally rich in Dopamine neurons. It should also be noted that deficiencies in this powerful neurotransmitter can result in depression or in more serious cases Parkinson’s Diesease and related symptoms. Dopamine plays a critical role in how we age; the older people are, the lower their levels of Dopamine (generally speaking). When Dopamine levels decline to around 30% of youthful levels, Parkinson’s Disease results. At 10% levels, death is likely.

Deprenyl Benefits:

The major benefit of Deprenyl which has been studied for a long time is the potential to extend life. Studies and research have determined this drug to activate a pathway known as Nrf2, which is now considered to be a biological route to longevity. The exciting thing about this is the fact most other routes to supposedly life extension benefits work through an insulin pathway that involves restricting calories. In this case, caloric restriction would not be required.

An interesting side effect is that many people who begun taking this drug for its life extension benefits end up with noticeable increases in their mood and energy. This can lead to greater productivity, more ideas, and enhanced enthusiasm. Because Deprenyl helps to increase and stabilize dopamine activity in the brain, it has a highly anti-depressant and anti-anxiety effect that can lead to increased motivation, drive and excitement for life. Deprenyl has been used as an off-label ADHD treatment since dopamine is also involved in so-called executive brain functions related to attention, concentration and inhibition control.

Deprenyl also acts as a neuro-protective substance which means it can improve the underlying health of your neurons and other brain cells. It can protect nerve cells from various toxins as well as rescuing or healing (at least to some degree) already damaged nerve cells. It has not been determined if these benefits are due to the drug acting as an anti-oxidant or some other property.

There are additional benefits which some users report such as the potential for increasing male libido. However, this is normally only associated with men over 50. Deprenyl has also been found to help increase cognition and memory in Alzheimer’s patients. Those suffering from Parkinson’s Disease have generally noticed a slowing in the progression of their disease. According to early research, the drug is actually able to delay the time at which the standard treatment for these degenerative diseases becomes required.

Deprenyl Dosage:

As far as the recommended dosage for Deprenyl, goes most people are advised to start and with a very low dosage. Although studies have tested all types of dosages, it should be noted that these were primarily animal studies and levels are really only extrapolated on a human basis. The original developer of this drug actually gave it to his mother, at a dosage of only 5 mg per day; he reported it to have excellent life-extension benefits.

Others have used much higher dosages, with a variety of results. The best advice is to start off with the lowest possible effective dose, typically around 5 mg. Only after you have become familiar with the benefits and effects should you consider increasing the dose. Remember that this is still a stimulant and it does convert into methamphetamine in your system. For the best advice, speak to a medical professional before using Deprenyl and only take it under the supervision of a doctor.

Deprenyl Side Effects:

If you have been prescribed Deprenyl by a doctor and are using it according to their recommendations, this drug is considered to be very safe. In one clinical trial, dosages of up to 10 mg per day did not produce any more side effects than an inactive placebo. In human testing and use, commonly reported (although not frequent) side effects include heart burn, upset stomach, nausea, insomnia, and irritability. If any of these occur, it is likely the result of being over stimulated. Taking magnesium should actually help to reduce the possible occurrence of Deprenyl side effects.

Deprenyl Review:

Deprenyl is an effective cognitive enhancement drug for elderly individuals. If you are concerned about developing Parkinson’s or even Alzheimer’s disease this is definitely something to consider taking. It is classified as a prescription drug and you should only be using it if you have a legitimate medical reason for doing so. Deprenyl is not a true Nootropic drug because it breaks down into a stimulant and may cause negative side effects. If you are looking for a Dopaminergic supplement to take in a nootropic stack, some better alternatives include L-Tyrosine or Mucuna Pruriens. Other legal compounds that increase Dopamine activity are Aniracetam, Pramiracetam and Noopept – all of which are noted for boosting mood and increasing concentration, energy and memory.

Want to keep up to date with the latest Nootropics research and reviews? Subscribe to our Nootropics Newsletter for monthly emails with helpful resources and information on using the best brain supplements for enhanced memory, focus, energy, mood and more.

Citations

Heiss WD, et al. Effect of piracetam on cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease as measured by positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. (1988)

Mindus P, et al. Piracetam-induced improvement of mental performance. A controlled study on normally aging individuals. Acta Psychiatr Scand. (1976)

Simmons DA, et al. Up-regulating BDNF with an ampakine rescues synaptic plasticity and memory in Huntington’s disease knockin mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. (2009)

Nathan PJ, et al. Effects of a combined extract of Ginkgo biloba and Bacopa monniera on cognitive function in healthy humans. Hum Psychopharmacol. (2004)

Fuxe K, et al. GABA and benzodiazepine receptors. Studies on their localization in the hippocampus and their interaction with central dopamine neurons in the rat brain. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol. (1981)

Abbiati G, et al. Absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of radiolabelled compounds in rats after administration of 14C-L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. (1993)

Anyone interested in using nootropic supplements to enhance their brainpower should be taking some type of Choline powder. In fact, for most individuals who want to improve their memory and cognitive performance, simply adding Choline powder is enough to make significant and lasting changes for the better. This nutrient is so important for many of your brain processes and most of us get much less than the amount we actually need. Furthermore, almost every other nootropic works better when used in conjunction with a Choline supplement. There are a few different options available when deciding to buy Choline powder and you should take a look at how each of these versions work. In this article, we will provide you with more information about the potential benefits of Choline, the risk of side effects, and recommended dosage and usage considerations.

What Is Choline Powder?

Choline is one of the newest official members of the vitamin B family, established as such in 1998 by the US Food and Drug Administration. It is the main precursor molecule for the prominent neurotransmitter Acetylcholine which is involved in many different functions from memory to muscle control. This substance must be consumed through the diet in order for the human body to remain healthy. Choline is actually used to build the structural components of cell membranes. Unfortunately, many new food and dietary recommendations have discouraged people from eating foods rich in this vitamin like egg yolks and fatty meats.

Choline powder is also considered to be an essential nutrient. This vitamin helps to prevent the condition known as fatty liver. In fact, one of the main functions of this nutrient is to allow cell membranes to operate with a high degree of flexibility in transmitting both water and fat soluble molecules. This simply means that Choline improves the ability of fat-based nutrients to be transported into your cells and waste products to be passed out. Not only can this promote better whole body health, it also improves the membrane fluidity of your neurons which can slow down signs of aging on your brain.

  How Does Choline Powder Function?

Choline is a key component of many different structures in cell membranes. Without adequate supplies of Choline, the flexibility and integrity of cell membranes would either break down or become too rigid to allow essential chemicals and nutrients to flow in and out of the cells. In addition to building structurally sound cells, Choline powder also acts as a direct precursor of Acetylcholine. In other words, the Choline actually turns into this powerful neurotransmitter within the brain. This is primarily responsible for most of the cognitive benefits associated with the supplement. This also helps to improve communication between nerves and neurons within the brain.

Choline itself is actually capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. Once this occurs the supplement enters the central nervous system and begins having the desired effects. At this point, it is also important to understand that Choline plays a role in methyl group metabolism. These methyl groups is a specific chemical structure that make many integral chemical events in the body possible through their transfer. Some examples are switching genes on and off and sending messages back and forth (somewhat similar to neurons).

Choline Benefits:

There are many benefits to Choline powder supplementation. Among the Nootropic like benefits include an overall improvement of memory and learning capacity. Many users also report having a faster speed of recall and even expanded attention spans. These benefits are possible due to the higher levels of acetylcholine in your brain which results in more stimulation of your neurons. As your neurons are made more active and can communicate to each other at a faster rate, this has the effect of making your thoughts seem like they flow better and experiencing greater access to your stored memories.

Another common thread in Choline powder reviews is the experience of more mental, accompanied by improved focus and greater concentration. The benefits do not stop there: choline can also lessen chronic inflammation. This in and of itself is critical since inflammation has been linked to a wide variety of diseases like heart disease, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s and other cognitive impairments. There is also evidence that Choline helps to reduce oxidative stress.

Choline Dosage:

The recommended daily intake of Choline was set in 1998 at 550 mg per day. Of course, many people today who are looking for Nootropic like effects are advised to take more. The generally accepted range is anywhere from 500 mg to 3 grams if you are using a Choline powder supplement like a Choline Citrate, Choline Bitartrate or Choline Chloride version. Should you decide to buy one of the more powerful cognitive enhancers such as Citicoline Powder or Alpha GPC powder, you will need much less to see desired effects. As this supplement is very safe and well-tolerated it is perfectly acceptable to try a bit of experimentation to determine the perfect dosage level for you.

Picamilon-150 is commonly used either as needed, or on a 5 day on, 2 day off pattern in order to avoid developing a tolerance. Do not exceed 4 weeks of continuous usage without taking at least a 2 week break.As a dietary supplement, take 1 capsule up to 3 times daily, or take 2 capsules up to twice daily. To assess tolerance, start off with 1 capsule and increase dosage as needed.

works wonders with the users’ concentration, attention, cognition, motivation, intelligence, planning and memory. Picamilon can even reduce impulsiveness of actions. It can therefore be said that Picamilon positively affects all functions of the brain.

In Russia, Picamilon is prescribed for the following illnesses: cerebral blood flow problems, vasoneurosis, depression, asthenia, acute alcohol intoxication, senile psychosis, migraine, neuro-infections, primary open glaucoma and craniocerebral trauma.

It is a white crystalline powder that is odorless, highly hygroscopic (takes up moisture readily), and readily soluble in water.

You need acetylcholine to get boners. Ach = P-ANS innervation in a lot of the body = boners Like silvy also mentioned you need serotonin regulation for boners. Inositol might be pretty decent at regulating serotonin in different parts of the body (particularly in the spinal cord, it would seem). Inositol and Choline also go well together regardless of whether you're taking nootropics or not.

I have a feeling that piracetam affects testosterone levels in some way. Noopept seems to as well. It's strange because it seems to increase libido on an acute basis, but lower it long term.

I'm very interested in this. I've noticed less strong erections, but no apparent loss in sex drive after only 4 days on noopept. How about DHT?

Roughly, regarding erections, testosterone only affects your nightly (sleeping) erections. Dopamine is what affects your daytime (awake) erections, and piracetam affects dopamine -- there's your explanation for the stronger erections. As for making your erections weaker in the long term, I'm guessing it's because your dopamine receptors become desensitized. This would explain why during the cycling he had reduced libido (desensitized dopamine receptors + less dopamine). Your receptors go back to normal after 1-3 months, depending on the strength and duration of the stimulus. What I'm describing is the role of dopamine in addiction: this might be of interest.

Testosterone levels affect many different systems, including your immune system. Also, it's too simplistic to say testosterone only affects nightly erections, since it is a large factor in ED.

Sulbutiamine sensitizes dopamine receptors no?

is there anything that downregulates your libido? Serotonin has receptor subsets for increasing and decreasing libido, but indiscriminately increasing serotonin might reduce libido (SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction); I guess that anti-libido receptor has more presence of affinity for serotonin. Also, not sure how safe increasing serotonin just for libido would be. I have also heard that beta-blockers might but I am not sure about that one, prolactin should normally be quite suppressive (as its spike after orgasm quells the prolibido effects of dopamine) but I am unsure how indufcing this would fare from a nootropic standpoint.

Is there anything that downregulates your libido? Traditional anti-depressants, or suppressing your intake of zinc + selenium. And to quickly answer the opposite, unasked question... Is there anything that upregulates your libido? Zinc + Selenium, if deficient.

Physiological and emotional energy associated with the sex drive.

both the sympathetic and para-sympathetic nervous systems are responsible for sexual arousal, erections, orgasm, and ejaculation. the dopaminergic and adrenergic operate on the sympathetic NS.

epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine, (the s-NS neurotransmitters) have been shown to have marked pro-libido effect

whilst the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for "sexual arousal" - erections, orgasm and ejaculation is controlled by the para-sympathetic NS.

you need a careful synergy between the sympathetic and para-symapethetic NS's - between arousal and relaxation.

Desire and libido is created in the brain by dopamine; when you are low on dopamine your energy for and interest in sex wanes, as well as your performance

Arousal is initiated by acetylcholine; when cognitive functioning and internal moisture goes awry and your acetylcholine becomes depleted, you will not be able to focus on sex, let alone maintain your attention and stimulation.

GABA is your "get started" brain chemical. It controls your anxiety; you will not be able to achieve an orgasm if you are tense. GABA and progesterone are intricately linked.

Resolution is related to serotonin. If serotonin becomes depleted, your timing is off. You're either coming to the party too early or too late.

The two chemicals of pleasure can be stimulated and sustainably increased by nootropic intake. Nootropics: 5-HTP, Bacopa, Green Tea, L-Tyrosine, Vitamin B12 and Phenylalanine.

Inositol, a naturally occurring compound in the body, works as a nootropic by aiding in the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter responsible for feelings of well-being. Adding it as a supplement boosts serotonin levels to reduce stress.

Best Nootropics Supplements

So, just what are nootropics? A nootropics definition is either a supplement or a medical drug. Nootropics are used to improve cognitive functioning, well-being, improve emotions, concentration, focus, learning. So basically if one had to define nootropic, it is a supplement used to improve brain functioning and any activity which involves the process of cognition and reasoning.

There are a wide variety of nootropics both created by man and grown in nature. Most are derived from a plant source.In the past, people have been led to believe you are either born a genius or your aren’t. People have also heard most of use only use 10-20% of our brain functioning capability. With the recently popular movie “Limitless”, we were introduced to the world of NZT-48. (obviously a dreamer’s holy grail of nootropics).

Nootropics may not make you a genius overnight but over time they can definetly give you a much clearer and focused awareness. I believe nootropics create a domino effect. They can improve your brain power so you can analyse and improve every other area of your life – nutrition, health, fitness, relationships, business, creativity etc.

Improve Memory and Brain Function

Throughout the centuries mankind has been striving to attain higher ground, more power, and an all round better living. Over the last few decades nootropics have become an increasing popularity for those seeking a quicker path or an edge over others. We all know how coffee keeps us focused and allows us to stay with the game so to speak. However, few people have actually heard of the term  – nootropics.

If you to ask someone if they used any nootropics, their reply would be – what is a nootropic. I certainly get that a lot when I suggest to people the benefits of them. Brain function supplements, brain enhancing supplements, brain supplement, mood enhancing supplement, mood enhancer, improve memory supplements and smart drug; are just a few of the terms I’ve heard from those in the know. Even if they don’t call them nootropics they are aware of these nutraceuticals to improve brain function.

What is the Best Nootropic

As you can imagine this is a common question; but is not easily answered. New nootropics are being created every year. Obviously there is a market for people wanting the strongest and most powerful nootropics. This may not be the right answer in general. However, on a personal level the question -  What are the best nootropic supplements for me? can produce a more accurate result. People need to know how they want to improve – what area in life. This could be for study, learning, focused work or performing better at the gym and on the field or improved mood in a social surrounding or to help with stress and anxiety or just to help burn fat by increasing metabolism. These are all areas where nootropics can help you improve your desired outcome or goal. Each nootropic is either similar or different to other nootropics. This site will supply you with a wide variety of available nootropics and their definition, dosage recommendations and where to buy them. So, asking ‘What is the best nootropic’ will require you to do some research and discover for yourself the most appropriate one to choose or several if you want synergy. I hope you enjoy this site and find it helpful.

How and Where to buy Nootropics

Considering the benefits from using Nootropics comes from ongoing long term use; it makes sense to buy in bulk amounts if possible. This is a method which I use. It saves me money but not nessecarily time. When purchasing Nootropics in bulk, you need to be able to measure out each nootropic supplement dosage for each day. One piece of equipment you will need is a mg sensitive set of scales; you can purchase these online at very reasonable prices. Chances are you also have a morning stack and an evening stack. This can take time and can also become a hassle if you get bored of measureing out your supplements each day. What I do to get around this is to spend about 1hr a week and measure out morning and evening stacks for the whole seven day week. I put on some inspirational music get my nootropics list with dosages and get some inspirational music going and just get in the zone of measuring out my supps. I can stay motivated by doing it this way because I know of the long term benefit of what I’m doing. This way, my nootropics are there to use when I need them and I don’t need to sit down each day and measure out a whole heap of supps. Obviously you can imagine these supplements come in powder form if you buy in bulk. It pays to have labeled air- tight containers to keep them in.

For those that are either lazy or have very little time to spare; either way its all good. There are certain sources I use for nootropic stacks that are supplied by companies in capsule form. Bottled capsules are a very easy and convenient way to take your nootropics. You don’t need any equipment or skill in measureing out your supps each time you want to take them. A benefit from purchasing bottled nootropic products is that the stacks are designed for a general overall purpose. If you want custom stacks then you will have to create your own. There are some great stack products on the market. I use and recommend Alpha Brain by Onnit Labs. Alpha Brain is a cutting edge nootropic stack designed for success in modern life. Another stack by Onnit is New Mood. New Mood is designed for night usage. Allowing you to be calm and unwind easily. Allowing you to sleep peacefully and awaken fresh. There are also many other good nootropics for sale; check out the nootropics list for descriptions and where to buy nootorpics.

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The Most Popular Nootropic Stacks in 2013

Pramiracetam & Alpha GPC

Pramiracetam & Alpha GPC is a very popular stack in 2013. Pramiracetam by itself is very strong and one of the strongest racetams that is very popular in times of study and heavy workloads. One issue many people find is the cost, however many “starving students” still find it in their budgets to afford this powerful stack. The pramiracetam/alpha GPC combination is known as a solid “study stack” and is often “cycled” at certain stages.

A pramiracetam/alpha GPC stack has its own unique set of nootropic benefits not seen in Piracetam and some of the other racetams. Most people find pramiracetam to be very effective and adding alpha GPC to the mix may improve the effects. This is because Alpha GPC is a very effective acetylcholine booster that can efficiently improve available acetylcholine. Pramiracetam creates a much higher demand of acetylcholine and alpha GPC meets these demands and more. That is why this stack in one of the top stacks in 2013.

Noopept & Alpha GPC

Noopept is another strong nootropic that works on the acetylcholine system. Noopept alone is one of Peak Nootropics best sellers and alpha GPC is commonly purchased alongside it. A Noopept/Alpha GPC stack has several advantages and pitfalls when compared to the pramiracetam/alpha GPC stack. Affordability is one benefit that can be observed because noopept is much more cost-effective than pramiracetam.

Both Noopept and Pramiracetam work with alpha GPC synergistically. People have their own individual opinions however pramiracetam is generally seen as the more potent of the two. Both noopept and pramiracetam do essentially the same thing, by working on producing higher reuptake at the Acetylcholine and NDMA and AMPA glutamate receptors.

Piracetam, Aniracetam, Oxiracetam & Citicoline

This is also a very popular stack. The PAO stack has many advantages over the aforementioned two. One huge advantage is the diversity you get. Piracetam mixed with the mood boosting qualities of aniracetam and the stimulating factors of oxiracetamcreate a very interesting nootropic combination. Each of the three racetams brings in their own unique set of qualities. The main benefit in this stack is the amount of flexibility and control you get.

One could easily swap out Citicoline for Alpha GPC in this stack however neither is better than the other. Citicoline is slightly more affordable and can be considered just as effective as alpha GPC in this case. This of course, will come down to personal preferences and will require some playing around or “tweaking” to get it right for you. All in all, the PAO + choline stack is very powerful and a popular alternative in 2013.

ALCAR & Choline Bitartrate

The ALCAR + Choline Bitartrate stack is a pure choline stack that is very popular in 2013. This stack is hardly every used by itself and is usually stacked with a racetam(s). This stack has a great advantage in cost over the stronger acetlycholine supplements and some people claim it is even more effective. These statements need some medical evidence to back it up but scientifically, an ALCAR/CB stack should be very effective. The Choline Bitartrate works to increase choline levels, while the ALCAR helps in the synthesis into acetylcholine. This creates a very powerful and efficient effect that some say is the ultimate “choline stack”.

Needless to say, this stack should always be combined with a racetam to increase efficiency. One could probably use this stack alone and see a minor cognitive however the effects will likely be extremely subtle. Also, the benefits of ALCAR will bring the powerful effects of l-carnitine to the table because it breaks own in vitro. The ALCAR + CB stack is one of the top choline stacks in 2013.

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http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/64933-peak-nootropics/

http://smartdrugsmarts.com/category/podcast-episode/

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-octopamine.htm