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There are a lot and it confuses people, so here I am.

1. -아/어/여 서

Simple cause and effect. *Does not always mean because. Sometimes means “after doing.” Is not used with imperative.

그는 일을 너무나도 잘 해서 칭찬을 받을 만하다.

2. -(으)니까

Simple cause and effect, more commonly used in spoken form

하루종일 단순작업만 하니까 미쳐버리겠다.

3.-기 때문에

Simple cause and effect but with stronger emphasis

선생님들은 그가 항상 올바른 행동을 하기 때문에 그를 좋아한다.

4.-는 바람에

A usually sudden or unexpected cause which always results negatively

나는 불성실하게 일하는 바람에 그에게 해고당했다.

네가 갑자기 소리를 지르는 바람에, 나는 놀라서 컵을 떨어뜨렸어.

5.-(으)므로

implies moving on to something else because something else has been completed. Used in written Korean/formal situations.

기조연설자가 도착하였으므로, 세미나를 시작하겠습니다.

6.-(으)니 만큼

Used similarly with -(으)므로, is a more formal and more decisive version of -(으)니까

너도 이제 어른이 되었으니 만큼, 그 결정은 스스로 하도록 해라

7.-느라고

An activity interrupts another activity that was expected to be completed. Cannot be used with descriptive verbs.

시험기간 동안 공부만 하느라고 운동을 전혀 못했어

샤워하느라고 네 전화를 못 받았어

8.-아/어/여 가지고

The commonly-used spoken Korean version of 해서. Not used in written or formal Korean. *Does not always mean because. Also used sarcastically as a way to criticize others, when there is no following clause.

이 비빔밥은 너무 매워가지고, 못 먹겠어

9. -길래

When something is done after observing or judging a situation. *Does not always mean because, it is also the spoken version of -기에.

Chapter 1.9- Ideal Gas Law pt.2: problem solving  // Science Scribbles A-Level / IB HL Chemistry collection

(Ideal Gas Law part 1 | other syllabus topics)

Chapter 1.8 - Ideal Gas Law pt.1: the analogy  // Science Scribbles A-Level / IB HL Chemistry collection

(Click here for Ideal gas law part 2)

Hey again! I’m sitting in the children section of the library, so I decided that kids running around in a room would be a good way to visualize the ideal gas equation. Hope this helped you :D Stay tuned for part two, where I explain how to solve problems concerning the ideal gas law.

Remember the main difference between real gases and an ideal gas is that there are no intermolecular forces in an ideal gas - meaning there is no liquid phase when you cool it down. A real gas is similar to an ideal gas under high temperature and low pressure. :D

Chapter 1.6 - Limiting reagent // Science Scribbles A-Level / IB HL Chemistry collection

This was a lot harder to present using just drawings…hoping to redraw it one day!

That being said, I’m really really missing school (taking a gap year right now). Looking forward to uni in a year, whereever I end up! :)

Chapter 1.5 - Conversion between percentage mass and empirical formula

// Science Scribbles A-Level / IB HL Chemistry collection

This is a very typical question and I know a lot of people have trouble with this…but it’s not as hard as you think! It’s almost like being a detective! :D

Chapter 1.3 - Three Triangles in mole calculations

Chapter 1.1 - the mole concept

Chapter 2.1 The Nuclear Atom - Part 3: Calculating relative atomic mass  // Science ScribblesA-Level / IB Chemistry collection

Chapter 2.1 The Nuclear Atom - Part 2: Variations of an element  // Science Scribbles A-Level / IB Chemistry collection

Chapter 5 - Hess’s Law pt.2: Problem solving  // Science Scribbles A-Level / IB HL Chemistry collection

(Hess’s Law part 1 | other syllabus topics)

Chapter 5 - Hess’s Law pt.1: Understanding the law  // Science Scribbles A-Level / IB HL Chemistry collection

(Hess’s Law part 2 | other syllabus topics)

Chapter 10.1 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry - Part 2: Classes and functional groups  //Science Scribbles A-Level / IB Chemistry collection

(Other syllabus topics)

Hey guys! Here is part two of the first section of Organic Chemistry. Since these are very important but very hard to memorize, I’ve decided to try out something new - by creating a challenge!

Chapter 10.1 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry - Part 1: Homologous series  // Science Scribbles A-Level / IB Chemistry collection

(Other syllabus topics)

Hey guys! Sorry for the long wait, but here’s organic chemistry :D I’m going to focus on this chapter for now, since a lot of you requested it.

ㅅ – When adding a vowel, drop the ㅅ.

짓다 + 아/어 –> 지어 낫다 + (으)ㄹ게요 –> 나을게요 젓다 + (으)세요 –> 저으세요 (Exceptions: 웃다, 씻다, 벗다, 빗다, 빼앗다)

ㄷ – When adding a vowel, change ㄷ to ㄹ.

깨닫다 + 아/어 –> 깨달아 듣다 + (으)면 –> 들으면 걷다 + (으)ㄹ 거예요 –> 걸을 거예요 (Exceptions: 받다, 묻다, 닫다, 믿다, 얻다, 쏟다)

ㄹ – When adding ㄴ/ㅂ/ㅅ/ㄹ, drop the ㄹ. Also, conjugations treat ㄹ like an honorary vowel.

길다 + (으)ㄴ –> 긴 열다 + (으)면 –> 열면 돌다 + (으)ㄹ 거야 –> 돌 거야 만들다 + ㅂ니다 –> 만듭니다 들다 + (으)세요 –> 드세요

ㅂ – When adding a vowel, change to ㅜ.

쉽다 + 아/어 –> 쉬워 어렵다 + (으)ㄴ 것 –> 어려운 것 돕다 + (으)ㅁ –> 도움 (Exceptions: 입다, 잡다, 씹다, 좁다, 넓다, 접다, 집다, 업다, 뽑다, 붙잡다) (Special cases: 돕다 and 곱다 conjugate to ㅗ instead of ㅜ when adding 아.)

ㅎ – When adding a vowel, drop the ㅎ.

파랗다 + 아/어 –> 파래 빨갛다 + (으)ㄴ –> 빨간 하얗다 + (으)면 –> 하야면 (Exceptions: 좋다, 괜찮다, 싫다, 많다, 넣다, 놓다, 낳다, 찧다, 쌓다)

ㅡ – When adding 아/어, decide which to use by the 2nd-to-last vowel.

바쁘다 + 아/어 –> 바빠 모으다 + 아/어 –> 모아 슬프다 + 아/어 –> 슬퍼

르 – When adding 아/어, add a ㄹ to the preceding syllable.