[āTo Larraine, putting something on layaway was saving. āI canāt leave money in my bank,ā she said. āWhen youāre on SSI you can only have so much money in the bank, and itās got to be less than a thousand dollars. Because if itās moreā¦they cut your payments until that money is spent.ā
Larraine was talking about SSIās āresource limit.ā She was allowed to have up to $2,000 in the bank, not $1,000 like she thought, but anything more than that could result in her losing benefits. Larraine saw this rule as a clear disincentive to save. āIf I canāt keep my money in the bank, then I might as well buy something worthwhileā¦because I know once I pay on it, itās mine, and no one can take it from me, just like my jewelry.ā Well, no one except Eagle Moving.
Before her eviction, Beaker had asked Larraine why she didnāt just sell her jewelry and pay Tobin. āOf course Iām not going to do that,ā she said. āI worked way too hard for me to sell my jewelryā¦.Iām not going to sell my life savings because Iām homeless or I got evicted.ā It wasnāt like she had just stumbled into a pit and would soon climb out. Larraine imagined she would be poor and rent-strapped forever. And if that was to be her lot in life, she might as well have a little jewelry to show for it.
(ā¦) When Larraine spent money or food stamps on nonessentials, it baffled and frustrated people around her, including her niece, Sammy, Susan and Laneās daughter. āMy aunt Larraine is one of those people who will see some two-hundred-dollar beauty cream that removes her wrinkles and will go and buy it instead of paying the rent,ā said Sammy, a hairstylist with her own shop in Cudahy. āI donāt know why she just doesnāt stick to a budget.ā Pastor Daryl felt the same way, saying that Larraine was careless with her money because she operated under a āpoverty mentality.ā
To Sammy, Pastor Daryl, and others, Larraine was poor because she threw money away. But the reverse was more true. Larraine threw money away because she was poor.
Before she was evicted, Larraine had $164 left over after paying the rent. She could have put some of that away, shunning cable and Walmart. If Larraine somehow managed to save $50 a month, nearly one-third of her after-rent income, by the end of the year she would have $600 to show for itāenough to cover a single monthās rent. And that would have come at considerable sacrifice, since she would sometimes have had to forgo things like hot water and clothes. Larraine could have at least saved what she spent on cable. But to an older woman who lived in a trailer park isolated from the rest of the city, who had no car, who didnāt know how to use the Internet, who only sometimes had a phone, who no longer worked, and who sometimes was seized with fibromyalgia attacks and cluster migrainesācable was a valued friend.
People like Larraine lived with so many compounded limitations that it was difficult to imagine the amount of good behavior or self-control that would allow them to lift themselves out of poverty. The distance between grinding poverty and even stable poverty could be so vast that those at the bottom had little hope of climbing out even if they pinched every penny. So they chose not to. Instead, they tried to survive in color, to season the suffering with pleasure. They would get a little high or have a drink or do a bit of gambling or acquire a television. They might buy lobster on food stamps. If Larraine spent her money unwisely, it was not because her benefits left her with so much but because they left her with so little. She paid the price for her lobster dinner. She had to eat pantry food the rest of the month. Some days, she simply went hungry. It was worth it. āIām satisfied with what I had,ā she said. āAnd Iām willing to eat noodles for the rest of the month because of it.ā
Larraine learned a long time ago not to apologize for her existence. āPeople will begrudge you for anything,ā she said. She didnāt care that the checkout clerk looked at her funny. She got the same looks when she bought the $14 tart balsamic vinegar or ribs or on-sale steak or chicken. Larraine loved to cook. āI have a right to live, and I have a right to live like I want to live,ā she said. āPeople donāt realize that even poor people get tired of the same old taste. Like, I literally hate hot dogs, but I was brought up on them. So you think, āWhen I get older, I will have steak.ā So now Iām older. And I do.ā]
matthew desmond, from evicted: poverty and profit in the american city, 2016