The Necessities Of Survival

“ “ “

.

…

Smokey here;

The motor discussed above is the motor that would be used for how velocity propulsion In planetary orbit for the robot to get from A to B For example when harvesting resources

…

Please hang in there and don't get pissy with me about all these links to the text I figured it was better to include everything than an omit the wrong thing

…

Critical components ...

geographical space in astrological terms (as in what planet what sound what star system what's power of the milky way galaxy).

Chronological terms given x amount of thrust for x amount of mass how much fuel and how long will it take to go from here to there being wherever I am whoever I want to go Earth tomorrow is for example or Earth the office interior for a better example or even better let's go 30,000 light years out to Delta Vega that'd be cool probably take about at least 30,000 step and still wants to get there but we can do it shit We just get ourselves some automated robots to build these vessels on the way from the raw materials and I'm telling you man we be generating like nuts…

And speaking of automated robots let me bring this into the discussion…

RHEA

~Robotic Harvester, Extruder, Assembler~

The objective of this document is to demonstrate the purchasable on the shelf hardware that is available to build a robot either pilot controlled or AI controlled that will harvest directly from the environment. To reproduce itself not only itself but other robots just like him or any other building project you want to apply to his blueprint programming.

.

Disclaimer:

I do not receive any compensation or rewards any kind from any of the product manufacturers on any level for any reason whatsoever I simply list their products because they are readily available to be purchased to build this robot you can pick any hardware products you like I would simply like to see the project get built by somebody..

…

…

Table of contents;

…

Project Overview:

to build a self-replicating robot from off the shelf products.

.

Partial Products List~commercially available as hardware to build self-replicating robot.

~ robotic assembly system

~ robotic Case, Chassis and Track mount

~ automated chemistry system

~ automated metallurgy system

~ metallurgy Extrusion system

wire through conduit

~ 3D graphing printing system

wire through conduit

…

…

Assembly;

part by part presentations with suggested process of assembly.

.

physics science and chemistry of the project .

.

list of supporting documents;

…

Project Overview:

to build a self-replicating robot from off the shelf products.

…

By the efforts of millions of scientists engineers and students alike over decades, toward the objectives of thousands of scientific pursuits and hundreds of products later; we now have the capacity to build something that humanity has never been able to produce before (mechanically).

~ Build a fully autonomous self-replicating robot. (robotic system really).

We can do it from products that we can buy directly from the manufacturer or retailer (off of the shelf, so too speak ), as easy as buying a candy bar …provided of course you know where to look for the products..

It is the objective of this document to demonstrate that you can indeed by the hardware off of the shelf to build a self-replicating robotic system. This system will not only replicate itself but it can build any engineering project that you want to put into is programming software to construct.

this robot will have special dimensions of 3 m x 3 m x 3 m in other words 3 m cubed and a total weight of approximately 300 to 350 kilos depending on whether it’s in service or not.

But I don’t want to overwhelm you we will get into its full capabilities shortly…

…

there have been some fascinating breakthroughs in material science engineering technology both on the academic and on the commercial level lately but without boring you of the details most important of all it should be noted that we will be discussing graphene 3D printing robotic systems in all of this as it applies not only terrestrially towards building projects here on Earth and perhaps elsewhere such as the or Mars but also in space itself in orbit around any planet you might choose..

This robot will be designed to operate in space, somewhere between lower earth orbit and lunar orbit or anywhere out in space frankly but it can also operate terrestrially …

…

The raw materials this robot needs to produce a whole variety of different print materials for manufacturing parts from scratch will be harvested by the robot directly from its environment and will then extrude or roll pressed into the building parts as necessary for the building project. the robot will manufacturer the raw building materials for self repair self-manufacturer or any other engineering project from chemical processing or electromagnetic processing or smelting of the raw materials that it takes in from its natural environment and then extrudes out through either the 3D printer or the metallurgy print Extrusion system.

all of the operations listed above will be done during its normal robotic work day. Processing functions.

for example the carbon collection process ( thanks to those hard-working researchers at MIT) requires no computer programming…

And The 3D printed copper-graphene conduit is something that's already a manufacturer standardization and doesn't require any engineering..

just install and deploy plug and Play so to speak.

to produce 3D parts and thereby replicate itself this robot will harvest carbon from the environment automatically simply by being powered on. There is absolutely no programming involved in the carbon harvesting process at all. Of course there will be programming involved in the carbon chemistry processing but we’ll get to that in a minute. When we get to the 3D printers… but first here's how we're gonna get the carbon.

check this stuff out.

By harvesting carbon silicon and raw iron and raw copper from the environment we can manufacture almost anything with 3D printers check this out

… … … …

….

“ “ “

Technical document assembled by Hill Bowman

RHEA

~Robotic Harvester, Extruder, Assembler~

Partial Products List~commercially available as hardware to build self-replicating robot.

….

Power Supply;

One kilogram deep cycle battery Period period period

Thin film solar panel front and back Divide it like a cape… Three feet of thin film solar panel by three feet for each cave front and back Totaling Six feet by six feet for each cape front and back.

Maximum solar power input ~

Six amps ; 24 volts.

…

~ robotic assembly system

This fully automated dual arm Visual identification robotic system will be the backbone Of The Harvest or extruder robotic system Yeah what identify the products to harvest And it would be synchronized with Central CPU In order to identify what chemistry projects in order to conduct to extrude what materials For the 3D printer Or The Metallurgical extruder.

…

Terrestrial propulsion system…

.

Robotic Chassis and Tack Mount assembly:

~ automated chemistry system

~ automated metallurgy system

Arc Melt Furnace SA-200 is our smallest arc melt furnace and has a 2” (51mm) copper hearth which holds the sample material.

~ metallurgy Extrusion system

wire through conduit

.

The metal Extrusion is the only thing I cannot find off the shelf system for.

…

~ 3D graphing printing system

wire through conduit

The 3D graphene printer and the carbon extraction system or really the heart of the matter without them this project is not possible But with This robot can reproduce itself Not just from Raw building materials you supply it But it can manufacture those raw building materials by itself from raw Natural materials in its environment

…

Mobility:

Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2)

Investigators

Robert M. Winglee

…

RHEA

~Robotic Harvester, Extruder, Assembler~

The objective of this document is to demonstrate the purchasable on the shelf hardware that is available to build a robot either pilot controlled or AI controlled that will harvest directly from the environment. To reproduce itself not only itself but other robots just like him or any other building project you want to apply to his blueprint programming.

.

Disclaimer:

I do not receive any compensation or rewards any kind from any of the product manufacturers on any level for any reason whatsoever I simply list their products because they are readily available to be purchased to build this robot you can pick any hardware products you like I would simply like to see the project get built by somebody..

…

…

Table of contents;

…

Project Overview:

to build a self-replicating robot from off the shelf products.

.

Partial Products List~commercially available as hardware to build self-replicating robot.

~ robotic assembly system

~ robotic Case, Chassis and Track mount

~ automated chemistry system

~ automated metallurgy system

~ metallurgy Extrusion system

wire through conduit

~ 3D graphing printing system

wire through conduit

…

…

Assembly;

part by part presentations with suggested process of assembly.

.

physics science and chemistry of the project .

.

list of supporting documents;

…

Project Overview:

to build a self-replicating robot from off the shelf products.

…

By the efforts of millions of scientists engineers and students alike over decades, toward the objectives of thousands of scientific pursuits and hundreds of products later; we now have the capacity to build something that humanity has never been able to produce before (mechanically).

~ Build a fully autonomous self-replicating robot. (robotic system really).

We can do it from products that we can buy directly from the manufacturer or retailer (off of the shelf, so too speak ), as easy as buying a candy bar …provided of course you know where to look for the products..

It is the objective of this document to demonstrate that you can indeed by the hardware off of the shelf to build a self-replicating robotic system. This system will not only replicate itself but it can build any engineering project that you want to put into is programming software to construct.

this robot will have special dimensions of 3 m x 3 m x 3 m in other words 3 m cubed and a total weight of approximately 300 to 350 kilos depending on whether it’s in service or not.

But I don’t want to overwhelm you we will get into its full capabilities shortly…

…

there have been some fascinating breakthroughs in material science engineering technology both on the academic and on the commercial level lately but without boring you of the details most important of all it should be noted that we will be discussing graphene 3D printing robotic systems in all of this as it applies not only terrestrially towards building projects here on Earth and perhaps elsewhere such as the or Mars but also in space itself in orbit around any planet you might choose..

This robot will be designed to operate in space, somewhere between lower earth orbit and lunar orbit or anywhere out in space frankly but it can also operate terrestrially …

…

The raw materials this robot needs to produce a whole variety of different print materials for manufacturing parts from scratch will be harvested by the robot directly from its environment and will then extrude or roll pressed into the building parts as necessary for the building project. the robot will manufacturer the raw building materials for self repair self-manufacturer or any other engineering project from chemical processing or electromagnetic processing or smelting of the raw materials that it takes in from its natural environment and then extrudes out through either the 3D printer or the metallurgy print Extrusion system.

all of the operations listed above will be done during its normal robotic work day. Processing functions.

for example the carbon collection process ( thanks to those hard-working researchers at MIT) requires no computer programming…

And The 3D printed copper-graphene conduit is something that's already a manufacturer standardization and doesn't require any engineering..

just install and deploy plug and Play so to speak.

to produce 3D parts and thereby replicate itself this robot will harvest carbon from the environment automatically simply by being powered on. There is absolutely no programming involved in the carbon harvesting process at all. Of course there will be programming involved in the carbon chemistry processing but we’ll get to that in a minute. When we get to the 3D printers… but first here's how we're gonna get the carbon.

check this stuff out.

Above…

an illustration of the carbon capture batteries developed by MIT

.

By harvesting carbon silicon and raw iron and raw copper from the environment we can manufacture almost anything with 3D printers check this out

Partial Products List~commercially available as hardware to build self-replicating robot.

Power Supply;

One kilogram deep cycle battery Period period period

Thin film solar panel front and back Divide it like a cape… Three feet of thin film solar panel by three feet for each cave front and back Totaling Six feet by six feet for each cape front and back.

Maximum solar power input ~

Six amps ; 24 volts.

~ robotic assembly system

This fully automated dual arm Visual identification robotic system will be the backbone Of The Harvest or extruder robotic system Yeah what identify the products to harvest And it would be synchronized with Central CPU In order to identify what chemistry projects in order to conduct to extrude what materials For the 3D printer Or The Metallurgical extruder.

…

Terrestrial propulsion system…

Robotic Chassis and Tack Mount assembly:

Automated chemistry

~ automated chemistry system

this automated chemistry said is an intermediate step to providing the inkjet printer 3D printer with printing material…

…

~ automated metallurgy system

Arc Melt Furnace SA-200 is our smallest arc melt furnace and has a 2” (51mm) copper hearth which holds the sample material.

~ metallurgy Extrusion system

wire through conduit

The metal Extrusion is the only thing I cannot find off the shelf system for.

…

~ 3D graphing printing system

wire through conduit

The 3D graphene printer and the carbon extraction system or really the heart of the matter without them this project is not possible But with This robot can reproduce itself Not just from Raw building materials you supply it But it can manufacture those raw building materials by itself from raw Natural materials in its environment

…

Mobility:

Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2)

Investigators

Robert M. Winglee

.

…

Documents;

Material Science recent advancements;

Focus on

Graphene Ceramics, Nano structures such as Nano-diamond chain links Carbon nano-tubes Nano-fibers Etc.

.

Orbital station keeping systems

12 nozzle 12 trajectory Compressed gas Station keeping and orbital Locomotion . system

standard small set orbital pulsion and station keeping.

…

Break

Carbon extraction

“ “ “

MIT 2024

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MIT engineers develop a new way to remove carbon dioxide from air

The process could work on the gas at any concentrations, from power plant emissions to open air.

Watch Video

David Chandler | MIT News Office

Publication Date:

October 24, 2019

Caption:

In this diagram of the new system, air entering from top right passes to one of two chambers (the gray rectangular structures) containing battery electrodes that attract the carbon dioxide. Then the airflow is switched to the other chamber, while the accumulated carbon dioxide in the first chamber is flushed into a separate storage tank (at right). These alternating flows allow for continuous operation of the two-step process.

Credits:

Image courtesy of the researchers

Caption:

A flow of air or flue gas (blue) containing carbon dioxide (red) enters the system from the left. As it passes between the thin battery electrode plates, carbon dioxide attaches to the charged plates while the cleaned airstream passes on through and exits at right.

Credits:

Image courtesy of the researchers

Previous image Next image

A new way of removing carbon dioxide from a stream of air could provide a significant tool in the battle against climate change. The new system can work on the gas at virtually any concentration level, even down to the roughly 400 parts per million currently found in the atmosphere.

Most methods of removing carbon dioxide from a stream of gas require higher concentrations, such as those found in the flue emissions from fossil fuel-based power plants. A few variations have been developed that can work with the low concentrations found in air, but the new method is significantly less energy-intensive and expensive, the researchers say.

The technique, based on passing air through a stack of charged electrochemical plates, is described in a new paper in the journal Energy and Environmental Science, by MIT postdoc Sahag Voskian, who developed the work during his PhD, and T. Alan Hatton, the Ralph Landau Professor of Chemical Engineering.

The device is essentially a large, specialized battery that absorbs carbon dioxide from the air (or other gas stream) passing over its electrodes as it is being charged up, and then releases the gas as it is being discharged. In operation, the device would simply alternate between charging and discharging, with fresh air or feed gas being blown through the system during the charging cycle, and then the pure, concentrated carbon dioxide being blown out during the discharging.

As the battery charges, an electrochemical reaction takes place at the surface of each of a stack of electrodes. These are coated with a compound called polyanthraquinone, which is composited with carbon nanotubes. The electrodes have a natural affinity for carbon dioxide and readily react with its molecules in the airstream or feed gas, even when it is present at very low concentrations. The reverse reaction takes place when the battery is discharged — during which the device can provide part of the power needed for the whole system — and in the process ejects a stream of pure carbon dioxide. The whole system operates at room temperature and normal air pressure.

“The greatest advantage of this technology over most other carbon capture or carbon absorbing technologies is the binary nature of the adsorbent’s affinity to carbon dioxide,” explains Voskian. In other words, the electrode material, by its nature, “has either a high affinity or no affinity whatsoever,” depending on the battery’s state of charging or discharging. Other reactions used for carbon capture require intermediate chemical processing steps or the input of significant energy such as heat, or pressure differences.

“This binary affinity allows capture of carbon dioxide from any concentration, including 400 parts per million, and allows its release into any carrier stream, including 100 percent CO2,” Voskian says. That is, as any gas flows through the stack of these flat electrochemical cells, during the release step the captured carbon dioxide will be carried along with it. For example, if the desired end-product is pure carbon dioxide to be used in the carbonation of beverages, then a stream of the pure gas can be blown through the plates. The captured gas is then released from the plates and joins the stream.

In some soft-drink bottling plants, fossil fuel is burned to generate the carbon dioxide needed to give the drinks their fizz. Similarly, some farmers burn natural gas to produce carbon dioxide to feed their plants in greenhouses. The new system could eliminate that need for fossil fuels in these applications, and in the process actually be taking the greenhouse gas right out of the air, Voskian says. Alternatively, the pure carbon dioxide stream could be compressed and injected underground for long-term disposal, or even made into fuel through a series of chemical and electrochemical processes.

The process this system uses for capturing and releasing carbon dioxide “is revolutionary” he says. “All of this is at ambient conditions — there’s no need for thermal, pressure, or chemical input. It’s just these very thin sheets, with both surfaces active, that can be stacked in a box and connected to a source of electricity.”

“In my laboratories, we have been striving to develop new technologies to tackle a range of environmental issues that avoid the need for thermal energy sources, changes in system pressure, or addition of chemicals to complete the separation and release cycles,” Hatton says. “This carbon dioxide capture technology is a clear demonstration of the power of electrochemical approaches that require only small swings in voltage to drive the separations.”

In a working plant — for example, in a power plant where exhaust gas is being produced continuously — two sets of such stacks of the electrochemical cells could be set up side by side to operate in parallel, with flue gas being directed first at one set for carbon capture, then diverted to the second set while the first set goes into its discharge cycle. By alternating back and forth, the system could always be both capturing and discharging the gas. In the lab, the team has proven the system can withstand at least 7,000 charging-discharging cycles, with a 30 percent loss in efficiency over that time. The researchers estimate that they can readily improve that to 20,000 to 50,000 cycles.

The electrodes themselves can be manufactured by standard chemical processing methods. While today this is done in a laboratory setting, it can be adapted so that ultimately they could be made in large quantities through a roll-to-roll manufacturing process similar to a newspaper printing press, Voskian says. “We have developed very cost-effective techniques,” he says, estimating that it could be produced for something like tens of dollars per square meter of electrode.

Compared to other existing carbon capture technologies, this system is quite energy efficient, using about one gigajoule of energy per ton of carbon dioxide captured, consistently. Other existing methods have energy consumption which vary between 1 to 10 gigajoules per ton, depending on the inlet carbon dioxide concentration, Voskian says.

The researchers have set up a company called Verdox to commercialize the process, and hope to develop a pilot-scale plant within the next few years, he says. And the system is very easy to scale up, he says: “If you want more capacity, you just need to make more electrodes.”

This work was supported by an MIT Energy Initiative Seed Fund grant and by Eni S.p.A.

So they're working hard at MIT on the carbon extraction a system not only to make it functional but also to make it viable to manufacture for the average populace.

the carbon extraction would produce carbon that could be transported to a container for electrical chemical processing.

The results of the electric chemical processing could then be transported to the extrusion unit and extruded as finished building materials or for immediate use

Moving right along to Metal Ore Harvesting

Collection of raw ore from the electron scale up to two centimeters can be smelted down and extruded for usable construction materials… Extrusion process would most likely be pneumatic hydraulic…

3D printer as well as smelter metal Extrusion could range from two micron copper wire up to one inch Graphene-Zirconium tubing for framework.

Arc Furnace

Arc Melt Furnace SA-200 is our smallest arc melt furnace and has a 2” (51mm) copper hearth which holds the sample material. The SA-200 has a single arc and arrives as a complete turn-key system that can reach temperatures above 3500°C instantly. This system is ideal for college or R & D laboratories; it is our lowest cost arc melting furnace with an evacuation/gas system, and 100% duty cycle power source.

The SA-200 is very easy to operate and produces extremely pure melts and reaches high temperatures instantaneously. The SA-200 can be equipped with various options and accessories. Arc melt furnaces are a cost saving alternative to induction or resistance heated furnaces for applications where melt material is conductive.

The SA-200 has a compact design requiring minimal floor space, the system is equipped with casters making it mobile and easy to maneuver.

Download Brochure

Request a Quote

Arc Melt Furnace SA-200

Specifications

• Operating temperature: over 3500°C (6332 F).

• Bottom loading configuration.

• 360° viewing through Pyrex glass between top and bottom brass base.

• Vacuum chamber construction.

• Single copper stinger with tungsten electrode.

• Copper hearth plate 2.0” diameter (51 mm).

• Power supply: 300 Amp @ 60 % Duty Cycle, 12 Kva.

• Water cooled.

• Inert gas system with relief valve.

• Pumping system with roughing pump, vacuum gauge and valve.

All of the materials being inducted by the robot and sent to the appropriate chemistry chambers will be processed by the robot on side simultaneously while collecting raw materials …

This robot or I should say these bots are intended to work as a swarm in tandem…

Therefore these robots do not carry a huge collection chamber instead they collect raw materials smelt or electro chemically process the raw materials down and extrude the building materials all on site. Anything left over at the end of the work shift I suppose could past along to robots coming on for the next shift or stored for a latter

…

Electrochemistry:

Reaction glass container capacity 5L

Cooling / heating jacket capacity 2L

Voltage 110V

Speed 0-1200r / min

Motor power (W) 100w

Operating temperature range -60 to 200 °C

Gross Weight 55.5 kg/122.35 lb

Package Size 140x42x58 cm/ 55.11x16.53x22.83 inch

Manual English

Questions and Answers

Q: I am looking for assembly instructions manual?

A: You can refer to the link below.<br/>https://d2v0huudrf11kh.cloudfront.net/vevor-center-goods/FYF5LGPG000000001V1_1687232707348.pdf

by vevor on Jun 18, 2023

Q: What is the diameter of the top and the vessel?

A: The outer diameter of the container is 210mm, and the inner diameter is 165mm.

by vevor on Dec 27, 2022

Q: 1. There is temperatur sensor? 2. It is possible this sensor conect to digital display?

A: It has a temperature sensor, which displays the temperature on the control box, and the sensor is inserted into the kettle body, through a thermometer sleeve, to measure the temperature of the solution.

by vevor on Aug 26, 2022

See all 10 answered questions

Material Self replication

3D Graphene-Zirconium printer

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MULTIPLE PRINT AND EXTRUSION MATERIALS

This 3D printer will have by necessity the ability to print and multiple media such as acrylic or nylon or graphene.

by using carbon extraction system mentioned earlier in this document you can produce graphene or you could also use the carbon with hydrogen and oxygen to make something such as acrylic or nylon.

.

Mobility:

Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2)

Investigators

Robert M. Winglee

Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) is an advanced plasma propulsion system that will enable spacecraft to attain unprecedented speeds, with minimal energy and mass requirements. The high efficiency and specific impulse attained by the system is due to its utilization of ambient energy, in this case the energy from the solar wind, to provide the enhanced thrust. Coupling to the solar wind is produced through a large scale magnetic bubble or mini-magnetosphere generated by the injection of plasma into the magnetic field supported by solenoid coils on the spacecraft. This inflation is driven by electromagnetic processes so that the material and deployment problems associated with conventional solar sails are eliminated.

The M2P2 design mimics nature. The sun creates mini-magnetospheres or `magnetic clouds' during coronal mass ejections, as seen in the figure.

The earth itself has a magnetosphere, produced by the terrestrial magnetic field and plasma resulting from the ionization of the upper layers of the atmosphere.

The M2P2 will parallel these naturally occurring systems by creating an electromagnetic bubble or mini-magnetosphere around the spacecraft.

A schematic of how the M2P2 would interact with the solar wind.

The obstacle or mini-magnetosphere produce by the M2P2 is shown in purple. The solar wind flow (white lines) is deflected around the obstacle and its momentum is picked up by the spacecraft. The contours show the density of the solar wind with red indicating enhanced densities as the solar wind piles up at the obstacle and purple low density where the solar wind no longer has access.

The magnetic field will be supported by solenoid coils on the spacecraft. By injection of plasma, the size of the bubble can be greatly increased from a small size (left) to a large size (right), for which the interaction with the solar wind (arrows) is greatly increased.

The solar wind travels at 300 - 800 km/s (Seattle to Washington, DC in ten seconds or fewer). Like the balloonists traveling the winds of the Earth, the mini-magnetosphere (which is attached to the spacecraft) will be picked up by the solar wind and attain similar speeds.

An early schematic of the device.

Images of the plasma source and magnetic field coils in a plasma tank at the University of Washington.

The making of plasma through radio frequency heating of helium. The waves generated by the antenna (braided copper wire) produce the ionization of the helium which results in the pinkish glow, and the generation of a very dense plasma.

The prototype operating in argon. The device is illuminated from the outside so that the magnets can be seen. A stream of plasma is faintly visible to the right.

As above but with no backlighting. The formation of a plasma loop to the right can be seen, mimicking the loops seen on the Sun.

Want More? See the computer simulations showing the device in operation.

Electron microscope that can yield visual distinction between electron And proton.

Particle accelerators that yield antimatter on a consistent regular basis.

Particle accelerators that have been designed for space propulsion systems

GPS satellite to Earth systems Actively employing Einstein relativity theories In physical use and practice.

And now, MIT joint research; Multiple controlled Fusion reactions Within a controlled environment have been accomplished and repeated: Four months later followed by Great Britain rushing to build the world's first public Fusion Energy reactor For public energy consumption of course

….

Home»Physics»Electrons Defy Expectations: Quantum Discoveries Unveil New States of Matter

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ENERGY

Nuclear fusion reactor created by school teenager successfully achieved plasma

The aim of the reactor is to create conditions that are required for fusion.

Updated: Aug 19, 2024 06:48 AM EST

Prabhat Ranjan Mishra

•

8 days ago

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Cesare Mencarini's small nuclear fusion reactor.

Cesare Mencarini

Astudent has successfully developed a small nuclear fusion reactor as part of his A-Levels. The 17-year-old built the reactor to generate neutrons as part of his Extended Project Qualification (EPQ).

Notably, Cesare Mencarini’s work is claimed to be the only nuclear reactor built in a school environment.

Showcased at the Cambridge Science Festival recently, the nuclear reactor achieved plasma a few months ago. It also gave Mencarini an A* in his A-Level results, according to reports.

It wasn’t easy for Mencarini to convince his teachers for the project. The faculty members even though that the project could be dangerous and pose a significant threat.

College was initially concerned with this project

“The college was initially concerned that this project, which I have also used for my EPQ, was dangerous. However, we did full risk assessments, and the staff have been so supportive,” said Mencarini.

Finally, after spending 18 months of hard work on the project, Mencarini successfully developed the small reactor.

The teen aims to apply for a degree in engineering. However, before that, he has an ambition to work at University of Bristol’s Interface and Analysis Centre.

Purpose of reactor is to form conditions that are required for fusion

Mencarini maintained that the goal of the reactor is to create conditions that are required for fusion. However, the project couldn’t get same pressure that’s generated by the Sun due to its own gravity.

Therefore, to make atoms hot enough, the teen used high voltage.

Describing Mencarini as “outstanding,” the college’s principal Dr Julian Davies claimed that the teen will make a significant impact on the energy industry in the future. He also termed Cesare’s work, was built in more than a year, extremely exciting.

Mencarini has been outstanding in his work ethic

“We want to give our students the opportunity to work on projects that interest them as well as teaching them how to pass exams and to be brave in enabling them to take risks and develop projects that are applicable to real life situations,” said Davies, according to Daily Mail.

“Mencarini has been outstanding in his work ethic and will no doubt make a significant impact on the energy industry in the future.”

Mencarini, who hails from Italy, studied maths, chemistry, and physics at Cardiff Sixth Form College. He demonstrated the reactor’s potential alongside Imperial College, Bristol, and Bangor universities.

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Reactor achieved plasma in June

The reactor achieved plasma in June. “Two days ago I achieved plasma, which was brilliant and I’m massively happy about this,” wrote Mencarini in a LinkedIn post.

“The system is running thanks to a Leybold Trivac E2 roughing pump, which allows me to achieve a minimum pressure of 8E-3 Torr.”

At that time, he mentioned that Pfeiffer TPH062 would be used later to achieve fusion. “This turbomolecular pump is currently isolated by a VAT Throttling Valve.”

“The grid is then attached to a 30kV rated High Voltage Feedthrough connected to a 5kV Unilab power supply, which allows me to use the fusor in my school (It is limited to a 2mA output). While running the fusor I experimented with 2 grids which you can see in the images,” added Mencarini in the post.

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ABOUT THE EDITOR

Prabhat Ranjan Mishra Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.

Newsenergy

Technologically ~

Technology and biology emerging together along the lines of biological robotics and use of DNA for Information storage Also simultaneously Computational science is Stimulating physics and chemistry Along the lines of Polymers and Alloys and Nano structures Moving technology as well as communications And scientific understanding to a much deeper level than anything Einstein ever considered.

But more importantly , on a practical. Applicable level Long beyond the experimental proof Stage.

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‘Breakthrough’ as fusion experiment generates excess energy for the first time

by Hayley Dunning, Laura Gallagher13 December 2022

Scientists have hailed a ‘true breakthrough’ as a fusion reaction has successfully generated more energy than was used to create it.

For over seventy years, scientists have been attempting to harness thermonuclear fusion - the power source of stars - to generate energy.

This is a true breakthrough moment, which is tremendously exciting.Professor Jeremy Chittenden

Fusion has the potential to produce vast quantities of clean energy using few resources, requiring only a small amount of fuel and generating limited carbon emissions. Once a fusion plasma is ‘ignited,’ it will continue to burn for as long as it is held in place.

However, fusion reactions have proven difficult to control and no fusion experiment had previously produced more energy than had been put in to get the reaction going.

At a press briefing today, it was announced that a fusion experiment at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the US has achieved this ‘holy grail,’ producing more energy than the laser pulse that was used to heat the fuel.

The energy in the laser pulse was 2.05 megajoules – equivalent to the energy of two Mars chocolate bars, or enough to boil six kettles of water. The energy from the fusion reactions was 50% higher than the energy of the laser pulse. It was released in the form of energetic neutrons.

Long sought-after goal

Imperial College London physicists are already helping to analyse the data from the successful experiment, which was conducted on 5 December 2022. Imperial has also produced more than 30 PhD students that have gone on to work at the NIF. The College retains strong links with the facility, and others throughout the world, through the Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies (CIFS).

Professor Jeremy Chittenden, Co-Director of the Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies at Imperial College London, said: “Everyone working on fusion has been trying to demonstrate for over 70 years that it’s possible to generate more energy from fusion than you put in. This is a true breakthrough moment, which is tremendously exciting. It proves that the long sought-after goal, the ‘holy grail’ of fusion, can indeed be achieved. This brings us closer to generating fusion power on a much larger scale.

“To turn fusion into a power source we’ll need to boost the energy gain still further. We’ll also need to find a way to reproduce the same effect much more frequently and much more cheaply before we can realistically turn this into a power plant. It’s hard to say how quickly we might be able to get to that point. If everything aligns we could see fusion power in use in ten years, but it could take far longer. The key thing is that with today’s results we know that fusion power is within reach.”

Professor Steven Rose, also Co-Director of the Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies at Imperial, said: “This wonderful result shows that inertial fusion works at the megajoule scale which gives huge impetus to its development for a power source and as a tool for fundamental science.”

Dr Brian Appelbe, a Research Associate in the Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies at Imperial, said: “As well as being a significant step towards fusion power, this experiment is exciting as it will allow us to study matter at temperatures and densities never previously reached in the laboratory. All sorts of interesting Physics can occur at these conditions, such as the creation of antimatter, and the NIF experiments will give us a window into this world.”

Fusion fuel

The type of nuclear reaction that fuels current power stations is fission – the splitting of atoms to release energy. Fusion instead forces atoms of hydrogen together, producing a large amount of energy, and, crucially, limited radioactive waste.

There are two main ways researchers worldwide are currently trying to produce fusion energy. The NIF focuses on inertial confinement fusion, which uses a system of lasers to heat up fuel pellets producing a plasma – a cloud of charged ions.

The fuel pellets contain ‘heavy’ versions of hydrogen – deuterium and tritium – that are easier to fuse and produce more energy. However, the fuel pellets need to be heated and pressurised to conditions found at the centre of the Sun, which is a natural fusion reactor.

Once these conditions are achieved, fusion reactions release several particles, including ‘alpha’ particles, which interact with the surrounding plasma and heat it up further. The heated plasma then releases more alpha particles and so on, in a self-sustaining reaction – a process referred to as ignition.

Article text (excluding photos or graphics) © Imperial College London.

Photos and graphics subject to third party copyright used with permission or © Imperial College London.

Reporters

Hayley Dunning

Communications Division

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Laura Gallagher

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…..

China's Artificial Sun Generated a Magnetic Field, Clearing a Real Path for Fusion

It’s a crucial step forward in the quest for clean energy.

BY CAROLINE DELBERTPUBLISHED: JUL 08, 2024 1:53 PM EDT

SAVE ARTICLE

koto_feja//Getty Images

• China’s large Huanliu-3 nuclear fusion reactor follows decades of research in Chengdu.

• The world’s dozens of active tokamak experiments share ideas, scientists, and more.

• This tokamak, like many others, contributes to International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).

China joined the quest for an enormous, internationally cooperative nuclear fusion reactor in 2023. Now, they’ve reached a milestone by generating its magnetic field for the first time—a field that is entirely new in tis design. The “artificial sun” reactor, Huanliu-3 (HL-3), is a tokamak run by 17 collaborating labs and facilities around the world. But the much-ballyhooed quest to make energy using these huge reactors still has a decade or more to go, with a lot of misinformation in the mix.

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While HL-3 puts China in the group of forerunners in nuclear fusion research, this reactor isn’t the largest (by far), and this milestone is only for its own timeline. This reactor is not close to operating consistently or producing energy that compares to the vast amounts of energy it and other similar reactors—known as tokamaks—require to operate. But HL-3, like many global tokamaks, is considered a proving ground for technologies that nations like China will offer to the truly world-leading ITER project in France. In that sense, each nation’s developments could make a difference going forward.

A tokamak is a donut-shaped (toroidal, in the science parlance) container that holds a stream of superheated magnetic plasma and is reinforced by massive magnets and supercooling encasement. The plasma—a cohesive “cloud” of atoms under star-like conditions—ends up hosting the same reactions that fuel the actual stars. The nuclei of atoms fuse together and release an enormous amount of energy... in theory. We know it happens in the stars, but we’ve never seen it happen in the same runaway, self-sustaining manner inside a thousand-ton piece of machinery on Earth.

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‘World’s largest’ tokamak’s stable Deuterium-Tritium plasmas to help reactor design

The plasma achieved provides an integrated solution for future tokamak reactors.

Updated: Sep 08, 2024 01:09 PM EST

Prabhat Ranjan Mishra

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The JET tokamak (left) and the plasma in the MAST spherical tokamak device (right).

JET

The need for limitless, clean energy has pushed scientists to explore efficient fusion reactor designs. Now, the world’s most advanced tokamak has achieved stable Deuterium-Tritium plasmas, which will help decide on an accurate fusion reactor design in the future.

Conducted by the Joint European Torus (JET), the new Deuterium-Tritium experiment provides unique characteristics expected in future fusion reactors. These include the presence of highly energetic ions in low plasma rotation conditions.

The experiment also found that some reactor-relevant plasma conditions may be very beneficial. The strong impact of zonal flows has been found to play a key role in the reduction of turbulent energy transport, according to the experiment.

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Plasma provides an integrated solution for future tokamak reactors

The plasma achieved provides an integrated solution for future tokamak reactors. The results of the study also suggests improved energy confinement in future D-T plasma conditions.

The study aimed to provide solid evidence on the characteristics of Deuterium-Tritium plasmas.

“We show that very good properties are achieved in terms of energy confinement and stability. The type of confinement expected in baseline reactor plasmas is obtained because of the better energy confinement in Deuterium-Tritium with respect to the same conditions in Deuterium,” said researchers.

For electrons, energy losses by transport are low

In particular, for electrons, the energy losses by transport are low, which allows temperatures of about 110 million K. For ions, the core heat transport is significantly reduced in Deuterium-Tritium compared to Deuterium when instabilities generated by energetic ions are observed, according to the study published in Nature.

Researchers claimed that several plasma configurations and Deuterium-Tritium concentrations were explored in JET to cover a wide range of possible configurations in future tokamak reactors.

To minimize external torque and thus toroidal rotation, the plasmas in this study were primarily heated with ion cyclotron frequency (ICRF), ensuring that a low external torque is applied.

ICRF heating can accelerate ions to MeV (mega electron-volt) energies, and hence, it was used as a proxy for alpha particle-heated dominated plasmas.

Findings can lead to economical and simpler design of tokamaks

Researchers claimed that the findings open the way for a more economical and simpler design of tokamaks, confirming that nuclear fusion by means of magnetically confined Deuterium-Tritium plasmas is a promising source of clean energy.

“However, further studies, such as compatibility with power exhaust capabilities and exploration at higher density and power, are required to fully qualify these plasmas as a solid route toward tokamak reactors,” said researchers.

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They maintained that exploring a broad range of plasma conditions in present-day tokamaks is essential to evaluate how Deuterium-Tritium plasmas might behave in the future.

This is because the physics mechanisms expected to play a role in ITER and future fusion reactors cannot be completely reproduced in an integrated way in existing tokamaks, and therefore specific studies must be performed, according to researchers.

JET was designed to study fusion in conditions approaching those needed for a power plant. It is claimed to be the only experiment that can operate with the deuterium-tritium fuel mix that will be used for commercial fusion power.

Operated by the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, JET is the world’s largest and most advanced tokamak, where plasmas are hotter than anywhere in the solar system.

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A research team ground-up plastic bottles into microplastics and then used synthesis technique to convert the debris to graphene. (Representational image)

iStock

Scientists have figured out a better option to deal with increasing plastic waste across the world. A team of researchers developed a breakthrough method that easily converts microplastics into a material that’s harder than diamond and has an increasing demand in multiple industries.

Researchers converted microplastics into graphene that could be used for several applications, including the manufacturing of various sensors and water purification, as well as the absorption of PFAS.

“Approximately 30 mg of microplastics produced nearly 5 mg of graphene in 1 minute. This production rate is remarkably higher than achieved previously, and offers a simpler, more environmentally friendly alternative to current techniques,” said James Cook University’s Dr Adeel Zafar.

Microplastics are notorious for their non-degradable and insoluble nature in water

JCU Professor Mohan Jacob maintained that some plastic waste degrades into smaller fragments, often reaching micron sizes, which are notorious for their non-degradable and insoluble nature in water and are an evolving threat to fish and, animals and humans.

Researchers have underlined that microplastics’ characteristics enable them to absorb organic pollutants, and once they are in water, they are ultimately integrated into both marine and human food chains.

Recycling of microplastics faces significant challenges

“Disturbingly, microplastics disrupt marine life and coral reproduction,” said Dr Zafar.

He stressed that the recycling of microplastics faces significant challenges due to labor-intensive separation processes and high costs, resulting in very low resource recovery globally.

“Upcycling, which involves transforming plastic waste into higher-value materials rather than simply breaking it down, has a high demand,” said Dr Zafar.

Microplastics turned into graphene

The team ground-up plastic bottles into microplastics and then used the new Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma synthesis technique to convert the debris to graphene – a one atom thick carbon material that is harder than diamond, 200 times stronger than steel and five times lighter than aluminium – the use of which is burgeoning in several industries, according to James Cook University.

“The research not only pioneers a novel approach to graphene synthesis but also contributes to the broader goal of mitigating the adverse effects of microplastic pollution on our ecosystems,” said professor Jacob.

This study demonstrates that polyethylene microplastics from waste dropper bottles can be efficiently transformed into graphene using APMP synthesis.

Raman spectroscopy of synthesized material reveals a spectrum characteristic of graphene‐based materials, with indications of defects and the presence of oxygen content.

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According to the study, X‐ray diffraction illustrates the characteristic graphitic lattice, with a slightly larger interlayer spacing attributed to intercalated functional groups. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms sp² hybridized carbon as the major component.

The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy provides insights into the multilayered structure and variations in interlayer spacing. The as‐synthesized pristine graphene exhibits nearly ten times greater efficiency in adsorbing perfluorooctanoic acid compared to the oxidized form of graphene. However, it is slightly less effective than graphene‐based nanocomposites, according to the study.

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ABOUT THE EDITOR

Prabhat Ranjan Mishra Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.

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Smokey smoke flying over Comma Do a little bit of cross-reference in here And consider this While we move forward with the text that within The Gravitational influence of the first floor planets of our solar system there is a significant amount of hydrogen oxygen And carbon especially hydrogen and carbon Period period period there is also Suitable amount of nitrogen as well as inner gases Period period period in addition to that There are molecular anatomic level Heavy metals And carbon compounds…

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Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) NIAC

Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2)

Investigators

Robert M. Winglee

Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) is an advanced plasma propulsion system that will enable spacecraft to attain unprecedented speeds, with minimal energy and mass requirements. The high efficiency and specific impulse attained by the system is due to its utilization of ambient energy, in this case the energy from the solar wind, to provide the enhanced thrust. Coupling to the solar wind is produced through a large scale magnetic bubble or mini-magnetosphere generated by the injection of plasma into the magnetic field supported by solenoid coils on the spacecraft. This inflation is driven by electromagnetic processes so that the material and deployment problems associated with conventional solar sails are eliminated.

The M2P2 design mimics nature. The sun creates mini-magnetospheres or `magnetic clouds' during coronal mass ejections, as seen in the figure.

The earth itself has a magnetosphere, produced by the terrestrial magnetic field and plasma resulting from the ionization of the upper layers of the atmosphere.

The M2P2 will parallel these naturally occurring systems by creating an electromagnetic bubble or mini-magnetosphere around the spacecraft.

A schematic of how the M2P2 would interact with the solar wind.

The obstacle or mini-magnetosphere produce by the M2P2 is shown in purple. The solar wind flow (white lines) is deflected around the obstacle and its momentum is picked up by the spacecraft. The contours show the density of the solar wind with red indicating enhanced densities as the solar wind piles up at the obstacle and purple low density where the solar wind no longer has access.

The magnetic field will be supported by solenoid coils on the spacecraft. By injection of plasma, the size of the bubble can be greatly increased from a small size (left) to a large size (right), for which the interaction with the solar wind (arrows) is greatly increased.

The solar wind travels at 300 - 800 km/s (Seattle to Washington, DC in ten seconds or fewer). Like the balloonists traveling the winds of the Earth, the mini-magnetosphere (which is attached to the spacecraft) will be picked up by the solar wind and attain similar speeds.

An early schematic of the device.

Images of the plasma source and magnetic field coils in a plasma tank at the University of Washington.

The making of plasma through radio frequency heating of helium. The waves generated by the antenna (braided copper wire) produce the ionization of the helium which results in the pinkish glow, and the generation of a very dense plasma.

The prototype operating in argon. The device is illuminated from the outside so that the magnets can be seen. A stream of plasma is faintly visible to the right.

As above but with no backlighting. The formation of a plasma loop to the right can be seen, mimicking the loops seen on the Sun.

Want More? See the computer simulations showing the device in operation.

Dept. of Earth and Space Sciences Homepage

Updated Nov 2011

the following is the PDF technical report on the m2p2 propulsion system you can skim through this or read through this for more details on what was noted in the article directly above…

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Chapter 8

part 1.

.

The Necessities of Survival

Premonition:

By

…

Hill Bowman

December 1st 2018 ©

…

Dedicated to

Hilda Sue Bowman

my mother

…

Abah “””YHWH”””

My Creator and Father

Above photographs compliments Google News September 13th 2023

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Chapter 1.

The Bigger Picture

or

Need To Migrate

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Chapter 2.

Earth Is A Closed Ecosystem

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Chapter 3.

Resources Are Limited But

B.S. Is Perpetual

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Chapter 4.

A Battle Against Principalities

…

Chapter 5.

Crowdfunding

Open Research

…

Chapter 6.

Tomorrow Starts Today

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Chapter 7.

Extrapolation On Moore’s Law

…

Chapter 8.

You Are Here

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Chapter 9.

The Necessity of Cross Referencing

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Chapter 10.

Road Map To Survival

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Chapter 11.

Integrated Parts

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Chapter 12.

Unified Survival Theory

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Chapter 13.

Requirement Of Migration

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Chapter 14.

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Chapter 8.

You Are Here

Chapter 8.

You Are Here

“ “ “

Disclaimer ;

Chapter 8 will be predominated by technical articles from authoritative Sources With only small Snippets of information for me in between to keep Train on the tracks Period period period but there is a lot to absorb here Therefore I decided it is better to Simply republish From the authoritative Source rather than try to reprint or paraphrase myself Period period period Most of these documents are published in full all of these documents are published With full recognition To the authors and Publishers along with contact information.

Due to the necessity to expound on the topic Matter in a mechanical as well as a scientific way There will be a number of off-the-shelf Retail products that can be purchased period period period Let it be known that I receive absolutely no gratuities of any kind from anyone for any reason.

The products that are recommended for The manufacturer any given item or Or engineering objective It's solely to demonstrate that the equipment to reach the engineering objectives are already available off the shelf For purchase. Nothing more.

Nor do I get any kind of advertising or residuals of any sort from any manufacturer or corporation or individual.

Disclaimer:

Sincerely, Hill Bowman

“ “ “

Let's start off with a pet project of my own . I hope you enjoy the presentation. . I think this will highlight The very reachable parameters of our technological capabilities in this project.. . It will also introduce the single most critical Component necessary to build this project, which is 24 hours / day workers .

RHEA

~Robotic Harvester, Extruder, Assembler~

Partial Products List~commercially available as hardware to build self-replicating robot.

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Power Supply;

One kilogram deep cycle battery Period period period

Thin film solar panel front and back Divide it like a cape… Three feet of thin film solar panel by three feet for each cave front and back Totaling Six feet by six feet for each cape front and back.

Maximum solar power input ~

Six amps ; 24 volts.

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~ robotic assembly system

This fully automated dual arm Visual identification robotic system will be the backbone Of The Harvest or extruder robotic system Yeah what identify the products to harvest And it would be synchronized with Central CPU In order to identify what chemistry projects in order to conduct to extrude what materials For the 3D printer Or The Metallurgical extruder.

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Terrestrial propulsion system…

.

Robotic Chassis and Tack Mount assembly:

~ automated chemistry system

~ automated metallurgy system

Arc Melt Furnace SA-200 is our smallest arc melt furnace and has a 2” (51mm) copper hearth which holds the sample material.

~ metallurgy Extrusion system

Wire(2 micron)->conduit 150cm.

.

The metal Extrusion is the only thing I cannot find off the shelf system for.

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~ 3D graphing printing system

Wire(2 micron)->conduit 150cm.

The 3D graphene printer and the carbon extraction system or really the heart of the matter without them this project is not possible But with This robot can reproduce itself Not just from Raw building materials you supply it But it can manufacture those raw building materials by itself from raw Natural materials in its environment.

Although hard programmed for self-replication this robot will come fully equipped With 20 gigabytes of storage space for blueprints to build other engineering projects Period These robots are designed to operate In low gravity orbital situations however they can operate In tandem as a swarm Troop In gravitational situations terrestrial situations Period period period These robots Can perform each and every function necessary individually But as mentioned above are designed to operate In a troop of 12 units Which can perform functions Individually or in tandem as a manufacturing system.

Most important of all every robot can self-replicate itself and produce another self-replicating robot from scratch All by itself With no external Programming. All materials being acquired from the natural environment by the robot itself. Autonomously.

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Mobility:

Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2)

Investigators

Robert M. Winglee

…

RHEA

~Robotic Harvester, Extruder, Assembler~

The objective of this document is to demonstrate the purchasable on the shelf hardware that is available to build a robot either pilot controlled or AI controlled that will harvest directly from the environment. To reproduce itself not only itself but other robots just like him or any other building project you want to apply to his blueprint programming.

.

Disclaimer:

I do not receive any compensation or rewards any kind from any of the product manufacturers on any level for any reason whatsoever I simply list their products because they are readily available to be purchased to build this robot you can pick any hardware products you like I would simply like to see the project get built by somebody..

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We'll go into greater detail on this topic later on in this chapter .

But for the moment, let's switch gears and see where we are on an astrological level according to Wikipedia

“ “ “

.

You Are Here

according to Wikipedia you are physically geographically cosmologically here.

“ “ “

Boundary area and uncertainties

.

Solar System

The Solar System [d] is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it.[11] It was formed about 4.6 billion years ago when a dense region of a molecular cloud collapsed, forming the Sun and a protoplanetary disc. The Sun is a typical star that maintains a balanced equilibrium by the fusion of hydrogen into helium at its core, releasing this energy from its outer photosphere. Astronomers classify it as a G-type main-sequence star. The largest objects that orbit the Sun are the eight planets. In order from the Sun, they are four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars); two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn); and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). All terrestrial planets have solid surfaces. Inversely, all giant planets do not have a definite surface, as they are mainly composed of gases and liquids. Over 99.86% of the Solar System's mass is in the Sun and nearly 90% of the remaining mass is in Jupiter and Saturn. There is a strong consensus among astronomers[e] that the Solar System has at least nine dwarf planets: Ceres, Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, Eris, and Sedna. There are a vast number of small Solar System bodies, such as asteroids, comets, centaurs, meteoroids, and interplanetary dust clouds. Some of these bodies are in the asteroid belt (between Mars's and Jupiter's orbit) and the Kuiper belt (just outside Neptune's orbit).[f] Six planets, seven dwarf planets, and other bodies have orbiting natural satellites, which are commonly called 'moons'. The Solar System is constantly flooded by the Sun's charged particles, the solar wind, forming the heliosphere. Around 75–90 astronomical units from the Sun,[g]

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The solar wind is halted, resulting in the heliopause. This is the boundary of the Solar System to interstellar space. The outermost region of the Solar System is the theorized Oort cloud, the source for long-period comets, extending to a radius of 2,000–200,000 AU. The closest star to the Solar System, Proxima Centauri, is 4.25 lightyears (269,000 AU) away. Both stars belong to the Milky Way galaxy.

…

An artist's impression of the Oort cloud, a region still well within the sphere of influence of the Solar System, including a depiction of the much further inside Kuiper belt (inset); the sizes of objects are overscaled for visibility. Much of the Solar System is still unknown.

…

Areas beyond thousands of AU away are still virtually unmapped and learning about this region of space is difficult. Study in this region depends upon inferences from those few objects whose orbits happen to be perturbed such that they fall closer to the Sun, and even then, detecting these objects has often been possible only when they happened to become bright enough to register as comets.[245] Many objects may yet be discovered in the Solar System's uncharted regions.

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[246] The Oort cloud is a theorized spherical shell of up to a trillion icy objects that is thought to be the source for all long-period comets.[247][248] No direct observation of the Oort cloud is possible with present imaging technology.[249] It is theorized to surround the Solar System at roughly 50,000 AU (~0.9 ly) from the Sun and possibly to as far as 100,000 AU (~1.8 ly). The Oort cloud is thought to be composed of comets that were ejected from the inner Solar System by gravitational interactions with the outer planets. Oort cloud objects move very slowly, and can be perturbed by infrequent events, such as collisions, the gravitational effects of a passing star, or the galactic tide, the tidal force exerted by the Milky Way.[247][248] As of the 2020s, a few astronomers have hypothesized that Planet Nine (a planet beyond Neptune) might exist, based on statistical variance in the orbit of extreme trans-Neptunian objects.[250] Their closest approaches to the Sun are mostly clustered around one sector and their orbits are similarly tilted, suggesting that a large planet might be influencing their orbit over millions of years.[251][252][253] However, some astronomers said that this observation might be credited to observational biases or just sheer coincidence.

The Sun's gravitational field is estimated to dominate the gravitational forces of surrounding stars out to about two light-years (125,000 AU). Lower estimates for the radius of the Oort cloud, by contrast, do not place it farther than 50,000 AU.[255] Most of the mass is orbiting in the region between 3,000 and 100,000 AU.[256] The furthest known objects, such as Comet West, have aphelia around 70,000 AU from the Sun.[257] The Sun's Hill sphere with respect to the galactic nucleus, the effective range of its gravitational influence, is thought to extend up to a thousand times farther and encompasses the hypothetical Oort cloud.[258] It was calculated by G. A. Chebotarev to be 230,000 AU

.[7]The Solar System (left) within the interstellar medium, with the different regions and their distances on a logarithmic scale Celestial neighborhood Diagram of the Local Interstellar Cloud, the G-Cloud and surrounding stars. As of 2022, the precise location of the Solar System in the clouds is an open question in astronomy.[259] Within 10 light-years of the Sun there are relatively few stars, the closest being the triple star system Alpha Centauri, which is about 4.4 light-years away and may be in the Local Bubble's G-Cloud.

Alpha Centauri A and B are a closely tied pair of Sun-like stars, whereas the closest star to Sun, the small red dwarf Proxima Centauri, orbits the pair at a distance of 0.2 light-years. In 2016, a potentially habitable exoplanet was found to be orbiting Proxima Centauri, called Proxima Centauri b, the closest confirmed exoplanet to the Sun.[261] The Solar System is surrounded by the Local Interstellar Cloud, although it is not clear if it is embedded in the Local Interstellar Cloud or if it lies just outside the cloud's edge.[262] Multiple other interstellar clouds exist in the region within 300 light-years of the Sun, known as the Local Bubble.[262] The latter feature is an hourglass-shaped cavity or superbubble in the interstellar medium roughly 300 light-years across. The bubble is suffused with high-temperature plasma, suggesting that it may be the product of several recent supernovae.[263] The Local Bubble is a small superbubble compared to the neighboring wider Radcliffe Wave and Split linear structures (formerly Gould Belt), each of which are some thousands of light-years in length.[264] All these structures are part of the Orion Arm, which contains most of the stars in the Milky Way that are visible to the unaided eye.[265] Groups of stars form together in star clusters, before dissolving into co-moving associations. A prominent grouping that is visible to the naked eye is the Ursa Major moving group, which is around 80 light-years away within the Local Bubble. The nearest star cluster is Hyades, which lies at the edge of the Local Bubble. The closest star-forming regions are the Corona Australis Molecular Cloud, the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex and the Taurus molecular cloud; the latter lies just beyond the Local Bubble and is part of the Radcliffe wave.[266] Stellar flybys that pass within 0.8 light-years of the Sun occur roughly once every 100,000 years. The closest well-measured approach was Scholz's Star, which approached to ~50,000 AU of the Sun some ~70 thousands years ago, likely passing through the outer Oort cloud.[267] There is a 1% chance every billion years that a star will pass within 100 AU of the Sun, potentially disrupting the Solar System.

Diagram of the Milky Way, with galactic features and the relative position of the Solar System labeled. The Solar System is located in the Milky Way, a barred spiral galaxy with a diameter of about 100,000 light-years containing more than 100 billion stars.[269] The Sun is part of one of the Milky Way's outer spiral arms, known as the Orion–Cygnus Arm or Local Spur.[270][271] It is a member of the thin disk population of stars orbiting close to the galactic plane.[272] Its speed around the center of the Milky Way is about 220 km/s, so that it completes one revolution every 240 million years.[269] This revolution is known as the Solar System's galactic year.[273] The solar apex, the direction of the Sun's path through interstellar space, is near the constellation Hercules in the direction of the current location of the bright star Vega.[274] The plane of the ecliptic lies at an angle of about 60° to the galactic plane.[c] The Sun follows a nearly circular orbit around the Galactic Center (where the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* resides) at a distance of 26,660 light-years,[276] orbiting at roughly the same speed as that of the spiral arms.[277] If it orbited close to the center, gravitational tugs from nearby stars could perturb bodies in the Oort cloud and send many comets into the inner Solar System, producing collisions with potentially catastrophic implications for life on Earth. In this scenario, the intense radiation of the Galactic Center could interfere with the development of complex life.[277] The Solar System's location in the Milky Way is a factor in the evolutionary history of life on Earth. Spiral arms are home to a far larger concentration of supernovae, gravitational instabilities, and radiation that could disrupt the Solar System, but since Earth stays in the Local Spur and therefore does not pass frequently through spiral arms, this has given Earth long periods of stability for life to evolve.

“ “ “

download it from Wikipedia 2004

Wiki - Search Parameter

‘Solar System’

“ “ “

Chapter 8.

You Are Here

You are here;

…

The raw materials this robot needs to produce a whole variety of different print materials for manufacturing parts from scratch when nothing but blueprints.

to produce 3D parts and thereby replicate itself this robot will harvest carbon from the environment automatically simply by being powered on there is absolutely no…

programming involved in the carbon harvesting process at all but of course it will be programming involved in the carbon processing but we’ll get to that in a minute. When we get to the 3D printers check this stuff out.

By harvesting carbon silicon and raw iron and raw copper from the environment we can manufacture almost anything with 3D printers check this out

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MIT engineers develop a new way to remove carbon dioxide from air

The process could work on the gas at any concentrations, from power plant emissions to open air.

Watch Video

David Chandler | MIT News Office

Publication Date:

October 24, 2019

Graphene/ Zirconium/ nylon/ acrylic

3D printer

Caption:

In this diagram of the new system, air entering from top right passes to one of two chambers (the gray rectangular structures) containing battery electrodes that attract the carbon dioxide. Then the airflow is switched to the other chamber, while the accumulated carbon dioxide in the first chamber is flushed into a separate storage tank (at right). These alternating flows allow for continuous operation of the two-step process.

Credits:

Image courtesy of the researchers

Caption:

A flow of air or flue gas (blue) containing carbon dioxide (red) enters the system from the left. As it passes between the thin battery electrode plates, carbon dioxide attaches to the charged plates while the cleaned airstream passes on through and exits at right.

Credits:

Image courtesy of the researchers

Previous image Next image

A new way of removing carbon dioxide from a stream of air could provide a significant tool in the battle against climate change. The new system can work on the gas at virtually any concentration level, even down to the roughly 400 parts per million currently found in the atmosphere.

Most methods of removing carbon dioxide from a stream of gas require higher concentrations, such as those found in the flue emissions from fossil fuel-based power plants. A few variations have been developed that can work with the low concentrations found in air, but the new method is significantly less energy-intensive and expensive, the researchers say.

The technique, based on passing air through a stack of charged electrochemical plates, is described in a new paper in the journal Energy and Environmental Science, by MIT postdoc Sahag Voskian, who developed the work during his PhD, and T. Alan Hatton, the Ralph Landau Professor of Chemical Engineering.

The device is essentially a large, specialized battery that absorbs carbon dioxide from the air (or other gas stream) passing over its electrodes as it is being charged up, and then releases the gas as it is being discharged. In operation, the device would simply alternate between charging and discharging, with fresh air or feed gas being blown through the system during the charging cycle, and then the pure, concentrated carbon dioxide being blown out during the discharging.

As the battery charges, an electrochemical reaction takes place at the surface of each of a stack of electrodes. These are coated with a compound called polyanthraquinone, which is composited with carbon nanotubes. The electrodes have a natural affinity for carbon dioxide and readily react with its molecules in the airstream or feed gas, even when it is present at very low concentrations. The reverse reaction takes place when the battery is discharged — during which the device can provide part of the power needed for the whole system — and in the process ejects a stream of pure carbon dioxide. The whole system operates at room temperature and normal air pressure.

“The greatest advantage of this technology over most other carbon capture or carbon absorbing technologies is the binary nature of the adsorbent’s affinity to carbon dioxide,” explains Voskian. In other words, the electrode material, by its nature, “has either a high affinity or no affinity whatsoever,” depending on the battery’s state of charging or discharging. Other reactions used for carbon capture require intermediate chemical processing steps or the input of significant energy such as heat, or pressure differences.

“This binary affinity allows capture of carbon dioxide from any concentration, including 400 parts per million, and allows its release into any carrier stream, including 100 percent CO2,” Voskian says. That is, as any gas flows through the stack of these flat electrochemical cells, during the release step the captured carbon dioxide will be carried along with it. For example, if the desired end-product is pure carbon dioxide to be used in the carbonation of beverages, then a stream of the pure gas can be blown through the plates. The captured gas is then released from the plates and joins the stream.

In some soft-drink bottling plants, fossil fuel is burned to generate the carbon dioxide needed to give the drinks their fizz. Similarly, some farmers burn natural gas to produce carbon dioxide to feed their plants in greenhouses. The new system could eliminate that need for fossil fuels in these applications, and in the process actually be taking the greenhouse gas right out of the air, Voskian says. Alternatively, the pure carbon dioxide stream could be compressed and injected underground for long-term disposal, or even made into fuel through a series of chemical and electrochemical processes.

The process this system uses for capturing and releasing carbon dioxide “is revolutionary” he says. “All of this is at ambient conditions — there’s no need for thermal, pressure, or chemical input. It’s just these very thin sheets, with both surfaces active, that can be stacked in a box and connected to a source of electricity.”

“In my laboratories, we have been striving to develop new technologies to tackle a range of environmental issues that avoid the need for thermal energy sources, changes in system pressure, or addition of chemicals to complete the separation and release cycles,” Hatton says. “This carbon dioxide capture technology is a clear demonstration of the power of electrochemical approaches that require only small swings in voltage to drive the separations.”

In a working plant — for example, in a power plant where exhaust gas is being produced continuously — two sets of such stacks of the electrochemical cells could be set up side by side to operate in parallel, with flue gas being directed first at one set for carbon capture, then diverted to the second set while the first set goes into its discharge cycle. By alternating back and forth, the system could always be both capturing and discharging the gas. In the lab, the team has proven the system can withstand at least 7,000 charging-discharging cycles, with a 30 percent loss in efficiency over that time. The researchers estimate that they can readily improve that to 20,000 to 50,000 cycles.

The electrodes themselves can be manufactured by standard chemical processing methods. While today this is done in a laboratory setting, it can be adapted so that ultimately they could be made in large quantities through a roll-to-roll manufacturing process similar to a newspaper printing press, Voskian says. “We have developed very cost-effective techniques,” he says, estimating that it could be produced for something like tens of dollars per square meter of electrode.

Compared to other existing carbon capture technologies, this system is quite energy efficient, using about one gigajoule of energy per ton of carbon dioxide captured, consistently. Other existing methods have energy consumption which vary between 1 to 10 gigajoules per ton, depending on the inlet carbon dioxide concentration, Voskian says.

The researchers have set up a company called Verdox to commercialize the process, and hope to develop a pilot-scale plant within the next few years, he says. And the system is very easy to scale up, he says: “If you want more capacity, you just need to make more electrodes.”

This work was supported by an MIT Energy Initiative Seed Fund grant and by Eni S.p.A.

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Forbes

Forbes contributor Ariel Cohen writes that MIT researchers have developed a new battery-like device that can remove carbo dioxide from the air. “The real game-changer here is that the technology can be retrofitted for smaller devices and does not require a high density concentration of carbon to be efficient,” writes Cohen. “This is nothing short of a breakthrough step in carbon capture technology.”

Full story via Forbes →

PBS NewsHour

MIT researchers have developed a device that can remove carbon dioxide from the air, reports Nsikan Akpan for the PBS NewsHour. “I realized there was a gap in the spectrum of solutions,” says postdoc Sahag Voskian. “Many current systems, for instance, are very bulky and can only be used for large-scale power plants or industrial applications.”

Full story via PBS NewsHour →

Forbes

Forbes contributor Trevor Nace writes that MIT researchers have developed a new technique to efficiently remove carbon dioxide from the air. Nace explains that the new approach “uses a unique battery that can absorb carbon dioxide while it is charging up and release pure carbon dioxide when the battery is discharged.”

Full story via Forbes →

Bloomberg

In this video, Bloomberg spotlights how MIT researchers have developed a new system that can remove carbon dioxide from the air. “From power plant emissions to open air, this new tool could prove significant in the fight against climate change,” reports Bloomberg. “It’s significantly less energy-intensive than existing methods and comes at a lower cost.”

Full story via Bloomberg →

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The the arc welder is required in order to produce very small quantities of molten metal. anything from gold to silver to copper to tin to aluminum, tungsten maybe tungsten…

At any rate; Once molten, that metal can be extruded through especially fitted nozzles for the 3D printer you can make wiring you can make sheet metal you can use it and tape mode to put a coating on some other surface..

for a quick example that I have in mind specifically.

You could make nickel steel alloy and you could produce ( wire thread), sheet metal alloy out of that. It would take time from a human point of view but from a robotic point of view a whole day ( 8 hours ) on a single piece of sheet metal is nothing and it would work 24 hours a day . So? So 8*3 = 24

One piece of sheet metal every 8 hours * 3 shifts

=

three sheets of sheet metal everyday..

Then you could coat that sheet metal with diamond/graphene ceramic to tremendously increase its electromagnetic, electrostatic and tensile properties

~~

“ “ “

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AI DIRECTET, VISSION TARGETING, DOUBLE GRIP, INDUSTRIAL ROBOTIC ARM

CAPABLE OF OPERATING SOLO OR WITH OTHERS ( ASSEMBLY LINE STYLE)…

.

GOOGLE~

CYN:LR

Premonition:

By

…

Hill Bowman

December 1st 2018 ©

…

Dedicated to

Hilda Sue Bowman

my mother

…

Above photographs compliments Google News September 13th 2023

…

…

Chapter 1.

The Bigger Picture

or

Need To Migrate

…

Chapter 2.

Earth Is A Closed Ecosystem

…

Chapter 3.

Resources Are Limited But

B.S. Is Perpetual

…

Chapter 4.

A Battle Against Principalities

…

Chapter 5.

Crowdfunding

Open Research

…

Chapter 6.

Tomorrow Starts Today

…

Chapter 7.

Extrapolation On Moore’s Law

…

Chapter 8.

You Are Here

…

Chapter 9.

The Necessity of Cross Referencing

…

Chapter 10.

Road Map To Survival

…

Chapter 11.

Integrated Parts

…

Chapter 12.

Unified Survival Theory

…

Chapter 13.

Requirement Of Migration

…

Chapter 14.

…

Book Recommendations:

Note: Google search

‘Pdf’+’7 habits of highly effective people’

…

Google search

‘pdf '+’update’+’colinization of mars’+’elon musk’+’space x'

“ “ “

Document title…

The details of Elon Musk and SpaceX plans to establish a

permanent settlement on Mars

“ “ “ Google search parameters for next chapter 4.

.

‘Forbes, 147 companies that own everything '

…..

Chapter 4.

A Battle Against Principalities:

…

…

“ “ “

New Scientist

The 1318 transnational corporations that form the core of the economy. Superconnected companies are red, very connected companies are yellow. The size of the dot represents revenue

PLoS One

AS PROTESTS against financial power sweep the world this week, science may have confirmed the protesters’ worst fears. An analysis of the relationships between 43,000 transnational corporations has identified a relatively small group of companies, mainly banks, with disproportionate power over the global economy.

The study’s assumptions have attracted some criticism, but complex systems analysts contacted by New Scientist say it is a unique effort to untangle control in the global economy...

“ “ “

New Scientist

…

“ “ “

MONEYMARKETS

The Four Companies That Control the 147 Companies That Own Everything

Brendan Coffey

Former Contributor

I write on investing, markets and movers. I'm a technical analyst (CFTe) and a long-time business reporter with an interest in ESG.

Oct 26, 2011,10:52am EDT

Updated Apr 14, 2022, 02:06pm EDT

~This article is more than 10 years old.~

There may be 147 companies in the world that own everything, more…

Before I reveal them, You can see where I’m headed here. That means the real power to control the world lies with four companies: McGraw-Hill, which owns Standard & Poor’s, Northwestern Mutual, which owns Russell Investments, the index arm of which runs the benchmark Russell 1,000 and Russell 3,000, CME Group which owns 90% of Dow Jones Indexes, and Barclay’s, which took over Lehman Brothers and its Lehman Aggregate Bond Index, the dominant world bond fund index. Together, these four firms dominate the world of indexing. And in turn, that means they hold real sway over the world’s money.

“ “ “

…

The Articles above are talking about corporate economic control and we will get to that shortly... But before we do; everybody knows that political leader ship is in the pocket of special interest groups.

Political Lobbyist’s

and those are the groups that have the most ballot box sway Or The Most Money.

…

When I'm talking about bureaucracy I'm talking about the UN. plane and simple, cards on the table I'm talking about the UN they suck..

The reason the UN sucks is because there has been a power struggle going on for almost 40 years between international cartel banking, mega corporation and Big government

Quick economic history…

but then the United States at the behest of great Britain decided well why don't we try the league of Nations. We can reestablish the nation of Israel and send ½ million Jewish prisoners of war to secure and populate it.

Britain how ever wanted the League of Nations as a layer of non accountability in an effort to hold on to there dissolving colonial empire…and of course the newly appreciated oil reserves of the middle east but much more importantly to expand and tighten there grip on global economy. While passing the reigns of military power to the United States.

“ “ “

“I care not who holds the scepter of power as long as I control there economy

Mayer Amschel Rothschild

“ “ “

Jumping in the…

~way back machine~

Edit

…

You are a den of vipers and thieves. I intend to rout you out, and by the eternal God, I will rout you out.

Andrew Jackson, to a delegation of bankers discussing the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States, 1832

Google Search Parameter

2008-2022 ushistory.org,…

US president Andrew Jackson, 1832 was quoted to remark that the European bankers are a den of vipers’

This comment coming during his first repulsion efforts toward the European banking system to maintain an international bank on US soil. “The Second Bank Of The United States “

President Jackson was fully aware of how European banking cartels would finance a nation for war, then collect from both nations in loans to buy arms and the reconstruction regardless of who won the war .

All would be in debt to the banking cartels. The banking cartels would collect there loans with interest… Or instigate new wars between a debtor state and a multitude of smaller debtor states with the promises of wealth of war, expansion of territory, balance of standing debt, renewed good credit to borrow.

Note: after the return of Napoleon Bonaparte from the disaster that was the French invasion of Russia and consequent defeat; there are some who insist that massive national debt lead to instigation by European banking cartel toward European heads of state to unify against Napoleon and crush him..

This lead to the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.

Mission accomplished…

Debt paid..

This explains why some of the State leaders waging war against Napoleon at waterloo were in fact his allies and supporter’s only a year earlier.

edit

Google Search Parameter

‘Gutenberg library,”War And Peace”, Dostofski '

.

Food for thought: l

To be in debt there Must be

a debtor and a lender attempting to collect the debt.

When we read about a Trillion dollar national debt !!!

Who exactly dose the US owe the debt too?? Who is the lender.

The US must be paying off at least a portion of the debt consistently because we continue to have national operating revenue year after year.

So who are we paying the debt off too ?

.

And how do we typically go about paying it off. ?

.

Think about it ??

.

edit

Google search parameters ‘pdf’+’the OPEC Dollar '

‘pdf’+’jekyll Island’+’federal reserve

…

Be that as it may; president Jackson knew that to allow international banking on US soil would be to allow a foreign influence in to the control mechanism of US commerce and state that neither military or political power can restrain

So the league of nations was intended to soften us up to the acceptance of international banking in the US.

Edit

Just Pryor too the Great Depression of the late 1920s came the secret meeting at Jekyll Island. In these secret meetings agreements were sighed to establish the Federal Reserve bank, the over revamped structure of the IRS were laid out.

. Business revenue would now be taxed as well as personal income

…

Google Search Parameters

’pdf’ tax reform 1915 - 1920 the Federal Reserve bank.

.

‘pdf’+’Aldrich plan’+' Warburg '+’Jekyll Island and the Federal Reserve’

.

‘’why is my name all capitalized on my Social Security card’

…

Now you’re probably asking your self… Smokey, what’s all this got to do with the “Stepping Stone” project..??

Simply this…

The United States is the single most powerful political and military force the world has ever seen but the United States dose not make a federal policy, deploy a single soldier or take a public international stance with out getting a green light from international banking first.

.

No matter how Big a Dog you are, you never bite the hand that feeds you.

And the hand that feeds you is The IMF

.

At any rate Britain as you know was the Super power of the 19 century and is where the international banking cartels really rolls up from through the 1600s 1700s as was discussed above.

.

The point is this, The international banking cartel kind of slipped a funny on corporate and political power structure.

(the Federal Reserve being a branch depository); Corporate power and political power structure become entangled in perpetual debt to be paid off. And a need to hold onto good credit for future loans from the IMF through the Federal Reserve, to the US. Gov to your local federally insured institution.

The international banking system holds the strings of the puppets and can cut those strings at will.

The international & national economies as well as Corporate supply chain financing are hopelessly dependent on the banking industry

Without the money of bank loans most corporate supply lines would break down…

.

Google Search parameters

‘pdf’+’corporate welfare and the banking system’

.

And so we return to the here and now so that I can tell you the “Stepping Stone” project must be crowd funded to circumnavigate the Three Principalities of our modern society.

Through crowd funding we can Circumnavigate the most dangerous Principalities (International banking, IMF) which would most certainly find reasons Not to fund / or interrupt the flow of money toward research manufacturer and construction. Banks do not loan money or condone projects that don't in their opinion return investment with interest... a colonization vessel design to leave earth with no need to return , I’m sure, would be considered an uncollectible debt, thus No Financing.

It would be my objective to crowd fund the entire project in order to side step banking, investments, loans etc. entirely. Which brings up the question of how would we handle the crowd funding revenue.

I recommend we put the crowd funding revenue in a trust fund on the security of a legal firm of attorneys that represent the “Stepping Stone Project” as a whole regardless of who is spear heading board of directors. At any given moment to ensure a continuous flow of the necessary proceeds to build a project. Set the whole thing up as an S – corp. with a non- profit 401c3.

Edit

Google search parameters

‘legal zoom, get your s-corp '

.

The stepping stone project must be crowd funded so that we can Circumnavigate the second most dangerous principality of modern Society which is government; Federal and UN.

The third principality of modern society is corporatocracy... But corporatocracy has the same objectives that I do...but different reasons.

The corporate Objectives are simple really. To encourage average population that there turn to participate in the “New Expansion” has arrived. Offering work and recreational incentives for the citizen bystander to participate. Thus, gradually encouraging the human species out into space... The reason for that is because merchants and sellers will always be wherever there are people with money to buy stuff... And the expansion into space is to corporatocracy equivalent to the expansion from Europe to the Americas during the Age of exploration. This expansion opens up to an almost infinite range of new economic opportunities and clients...

To quote “ the Art Of War” , Sun Tzu

“ “ “

the friend of my enemy is my enemy but the enemy of my enemy is my friend...

“ “ “

sun~tzu

“ “ “

Generally I consider myself asymmetrically opposed to corporatocracy but in the case of the “Stepping Stone” project I can very easily see alliances and allegiance that will be absolutely necessary in the corporate and industrial world to accomplish the “Stepping Stone” project.

I think it can be done in a symbiotic way as opposed to a parasitic relationship

.

But back to the power struggle …

This whole power struggle comes down to who is going to hold high ground in space when we finally do go into space. Who is controlling the money in space?

in other words, who's controlling the population and the commerce in space?? is it Government? Is it organized corporatocracy? Or is it organized industrial banking?... Well, I hate to tell you this; but…

The UN is basically a facade for organized industrial banking.

an what they want is to have absolute controls over all traffic leaving this planet going anywhere for any reason. Wither it's personal, corporate or government, political, military economic, commerce or otherwise...

This information is probably getting information you can get anywhere you like. I just felt like I would spill the beans all over again because a lot of people don't know this stuff and you really should. The power struggle I have been discussing in this chapter has been. and IS, directing the human species as a whole in this technologic, economic, social and political spectrum for the last 40 years+.

You don't have to think real hard to realize that there is a reason the United States worked so hard to get on the moon and it was not so we could gloat at Russia.

.

So once you consider that simple reality it is not hard to make the next simple observation. Well how come nobody's been to the moon since then?

The answer to that question is because corporate banking doesn't want to fund it; At least not until they control the whole picture which would be raw materials, receiving platforms, shipping, manufacturing, resources and funding...

And yeah:

That's pretty much “The Big Game” right there.

....

But big government Wants the high ground

The ever pressing desire for military high ground and expansion

.

From the military perspective of perimeter controlling defense. A platform such as the “Stepping Stone” would be an ideal platform. Mobile, Discreet, massive of course but compared to the back ground of space, just a speck in the vastness…Orbital or Transport

Capable of sustaining 2,500 troops for a year on yearly rotations indefinitely with a combination of Solar Sail, Solar Power Systems, Chemical Rockets ( HHO, nitrogen H²O²are all options) with upgrade to fusion rockets Electromagnetic Ionosphere, Particle /Hall thrusters in conjunction or solo as needed.

Powered by the ingredients of the solar wind.

Redundancy…

Stand by / Emergency Power

20 kilogram nuclear battery

.

Oh We really have considered for quite a while now The options available.

…

but seriously, I really did digress there. please forgive me. This is a book about the Necessities Of Survival and the human species migrating into space; Not the efforts of the corporate banking (through corporatocracy) to subjugate the entire global population to manufacturing and the service industry. Which I prefer to call servile industry

And again, please forgive me. I don't say anything to hurt anyone's feelings. But a fact is a fact and the truth is the truth.

You can call a duck a pig but it doesn't make him a pig, He's still a duck.

and the human mind has an amazing ability to manufacture its own propaganda and then actually believing the propaganda that it manufactured for itself.

This is why so many people believe the lies that they tell themselves (and others), even though they know its all lies and half truths. People believe the lies they make up for them selves (and everyone around them) , because it’s easier to believe self invented falsehoods than to search out proofs. And so they live in a complete fabrication. An illusion of reality.

If you're in the servile industry you're getting a paycheck for housing, rent, utilities and have nothing left for inheritance to your children or investment toward your future. This means that you are an indentured servant. You are a service person. You are an indentured servant ( a slave, basically ), in a service industry... A slave industry.

enjoy yourself

.

.

…

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…

Chapter 5.

.......The Necessities of Survival

Premonition:

By

…

Hill Bowman

December 1st 2018 ©

…

Dedicated to

Hilda Sue Bowman

my mother

…

Above photographs compliments Google News September 13th 2023

…

…

Chapter 1.

The Bigger Picture

or

Need To Migrate

…

Chapter 2.

Earth Is A Closed Ecosystem

…

Chapter 3.

Resources Are Limited But

B.S. Is Perpetual

…

Chapter 4.

A Battle Against Principalities

…

Chapter 5.

Crowdfunding

Open Research

…

Chapter 6.

Tomorrow Starts Today

…

Chapter 7.

Extrapolation On Moore’s Law

…

Chapter 8.

You Are Here

…

Chapter 9.

The Necessity of Cross Referencing

…

Chapter 10.

Road Map To Survival

…

Chapter 11.

Integrated Parts

…

Chapter 12.

Unified Survival Theory

…

Chapter 13.

Requirement Of Migration

…

Chapter 14.

…

Chapter 3.

Resources Are Limited But B.S. is Perpetual

…

It is worthless to argue over a moot point such as Environmental Conservation.

The reason Environmental Conservation is a moot point is because individual, immediate, Self Indulgence will outweigh long-term catastrophic possibilities. Until imminent catastrophic possibilities become an imminent mutually assured destruction .

And of course by then it is too late... and perhaps that is the focal point of what this book is about.

I would like to suggest that we get the move on today while the sun is shining instead of waiting for it to be hailing sleet, snow, thunder and lightning before we get on to doing some things that we really need to address…

…

One thing I would like to suggest that has been on the drawing board for a very long time now nearly 50 yrs…

Is a gravity ring

It kind of looks like a bicycle wheel, but 10,000 times larger.

The center hub would contain rocket and electric thrust

Solar sail would be streched from the outer rim to the hub. Solar Thinfilm (flexible solar panels) should be stretched on the opposite side of the rim.

Off the shelf compressed gas or electric thrust can be used for rotation and stability control and for artificial gravitational effect around the rim.

Continuing with the bicycle wheel analogy…

What we have discussed so far is the frame and propulsion systems. Attached to the rim of the gravity ring (Where a bicycle tire would be on a bicycle rim) would be modular habitat’s.

These modular habitat’s would be interconnected with air locks. And sheathed with 2mm steal plates. Each habitat would be 50 meters long by 30 meters diameter. Each habitat divided down the length into four compartments…

Lower most compartment:

for infrastructure:

( 5 meter ceiling )

plumbing, electrical, heating , equipment storage.

.

Bottom -center compartment:

(10 meter ceiling )

for agriculture.

5 meters of high grade top soil Actively growing…

grains. Fruits, vegetables, and live stock (chickens sheep, possibly fish

.

Top-center compartment:

(10 meter ceiling )

Living habitat for crew

Research labs, food storage & cafeteria, ship command (navigation, propulsion, critical resource management ect)

.

Top – most compartment:

( 5 meter ceiling )

is for systems infrastructure,

resource harvesting conduits for critical industrial systems (raw resource harvesting smelting, materials fabrication, particle accelerator configuration intake / exhaust harvest, Bot deployment bay, heavy equipment storage…etc.).

…

Keep in mind that size in space is relative to ambition, cash flow and supply line.

If the frame work of the gravity rim is 500 meters radius (1killometer diameter) and circumference of 3,140 meters divided by 50 meters/habit would allow room for 62.8 habitat modules

If the gravity ring only has 1level of habitation module’s there would be enough room on the rim to secure approximately 60 habitat modules. That’s sounds like a lot of space but this vessel can permanently house a crew of 2,500 with room to accommodate 2,500 transient passengers.

Since the habit’s are modular you can stack them like building a modern hi-rise four or five high with only marginal difference in the perception of gravitational pull.

Crew can accesses any part of the vessel by use of air tight elevator/stairwell shafts built into the frame work of the gravity Rim .

And use of public / agricultural division of the habitat modules to traverse the circumference of the habitat Ring.

…

This vessel would be capable of sustaining populations for very long journeys or function as a geosynchronous ship yard or as an orbital scientific colony or as a roving harvester

However the primary purpose for the “Stepping Stone” vessel is as ~

automatic raw resource harvester, self replicating ( macro bot ), interplanetary transport vessel.

~

The self replication of the “Stepping Stone” is accomplished through swarm technology.

There are three main components to the “stepping Stone” vessel

The brain ~ (CAMF AI)

The body ~ “Stepping Stone” electromechanical vessel and appendages.

MOM “Mission Objectives Mech”

NOTE: A lot of people fail to grasp what MOM really is, but fear not. Well talk in more detail about MOM a little later on.

In short…

MOM is the collective sum of (CAMF AI) and the “Stepping Stone” vessel exercising autonomous situational comprehension, comparative tactic analysis, harvesting resources, material retrieval, manufacturing, navigation, self repair/replication and much more…

How MOM Works…

Harvesting targets and directives are issued by Central Assessments Main Frame narrow AI (CAMF AI) and confirmed with human oversight (or with complete autonomy like unmanned vessel )

Once targets / objectives are established the electromechanical components of the “Stepping Stone” under direction of CAMF AI issues objective/directives, target coordinates to required harvester bot's.

Bay doors are opened, harvester bot’s are deployed, supervised, retrieved, raw ore, gas, ice, ect. are unloaded and funneled to proper smelter or storage containment. All under direction of (MOM).

. Further you could carry a genetic library and of course seed bank and pollination bank(insect specific) along. In doing so you can grow what you need invetro fertilization… so that after crusing through the Milky Way Galaxy for 7 generations your great, great, great, grand children will still know what chicken taste like and look like because you could grow them as you need them. Chicken’s, cows, pigs, sheep, whatever floats your boat.

Actually come to think of it you could do invetro fertilization for people too but there’s a lot of argument among many groups in the human species as to the morality and ethic’s as far as invetro harvesting people. Crewing an interplanetary vessel with ’Test-tube people' or whatever like that, I’m sure, would get the hairs on the back of a Nay Sayer’s neck standing straight up.

I don’t think an Invetro crew is anything to worry about until the prospects of immediate intergalactic travel is upon us.

.

But we do have the technology to do it.

.

Further, the scientific research for advancement into the stars, feasible energy/propulsion systems and sustainability of biological systems to colonization of other planets will inevitably and inextricably lead toward advancements in every aspect of human understanding. From geosynchronous or roving interplanetary library’s (appended with research) to interstellar propulsion systems to exoagricilture to main stream galactic navigation (passenger space liner for everyday earn a buck two-leggers like me and you) …and so much more.

If you enjoy doing mazes when you were in school then you probably know that it is easier to solve the puzzle of a maze by going from the back to the front. From end to beginning almost always yield’s the path of least resistance in solving the maze.

This approach encapsulates one of the ‘principles’ in ”7 habits of highly effective people “

‘~Begin with the end in mind~’

And so, this book is written by Design from the back to the front starting with the big picture: The End Objective.

.

Therefore

Establish a specific objective:

1. Finance and build the “Stepping Stone” vessel.

.

2. Establish earth to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Supply Line.

Reusable rockets, Space X

.

3. Establish research, engineering and construction provider’s

~“Orbital Platforms “~

low earth orbit ‘extrusion of space station frame work’.

.

4. Establish construction methodology

~ Reusable rockets~ deliver modular components to build location.

First pay load is a single modular habitat that shipyard crew can live in during construction of first “Stepping Stone “vessel

.

5. Coordinate R&D, fabrication and construction provider’s

.

6. Establish financial base

Crowd funding

~One billion people *$10 each~

.

The research needs to be across the board with specific goals that can be Unified into a spear head toward a specific objective.

…

Short term benefits:

1. Build first “Stepping Stone” self replicating vessel .

2. Construct reusable geosynchronous ship yard .

3. Establish financial base.

4. Crowd funding ~.

One billion people * $10 each

5. Construct Earth knowledge bank… (geosynchronous library)

6. Guarantee survival of humanity and accumulated knowledge of humanity by expanding out in to the solar system and later the Milky Way Galaxy at large.

7. Harvesting raw resources exploration & cataloging.

8. Colonizing planets that can be terraformed or directly inhabited.

9. The Preservation of our biosphere Earth.

10. The Preservation of the other organisms and resources within this biosphere that depend on it.

.

The Catalyst that can accomplish this daunting task is the innate need for…

11. Survival As A Species.

With our collective knowledge, technology, science, and culture as a species intact

…

Most important of all and most fundamental to our primitive and instinctive nature is that We (Human beings) are apex predators, like lions. Also, we (Human beings) are pack animals in the same sense that lions are pack animals.

lions do have their pride (pack) and there are rules too being in the pride.

When a young lion has grown past adolescence they get kicked out of the pride if that lion has Not found a mate and Started his own pride.

The lion pride is structured in this way by instinct

First because the young lion will eventually clash with the pride Alpha male. This usually ends with injury to the Alpha as well as death for the challenger

Lions seem too also realize instinctively that the challenger will be a drain on resources until he learns to successfully hunt, mate, and establish his Own pride.

The social structure of people is not all that different.

Due to this fundamental of our nature as predators in the animal kingdom We are nervous when we are around other human beings that we do not personally know. Therefore it is to the benefit of our survival as a species to expand off of this planet so we do not gnaw at each other.

No, I’m not talking about a nuclear war. Or a collision with the asteroid Apophis ( both of which Are possible), I’m just saying in general; from drug sponsored street violence, police brutality, ethnic, religious racial tyranny all the way up the line to conflicts of state and terrorism we’re just good at killing each other. We are in our own documents in history prove to be the apex predator on this planet and a blood thirsty near genocidal species. So let’s just admit that truth and move forward with that because it’s a fact. And of course there is the ever present military ambition to control the high ground which in space means the outer perimeter sphere of human colonization and population and economic activity’s)

also the fundamental greed of Industry by the mining of resources in the process of seeking out habitable planets as well as the inevitable revenues generated buy rare goods as well as food supplies generated by the established colonies through enter planetary trade and tourism. And on top of all that add the individual human drive to acquire

…

On a brighter note this of course is not the only reason that human beings occupied territories in the age of exploration (colonial expansion, 1500-1800) people came west to grow farms, to raise cattle, to prospect gold, for game, to live quietly in the mountains, to be peaceful and go out fishing every Sunday because that’s what they love to do. People will travel out into space for many of the same reasons first as tourists to the moon just for the experience, to tell their neighbors. Later on for more serious endeavors because industry will be paving away

…

Please know Elon musk says he's going to be having relay ships running between Mars and Earth on a 1 year or a 6 months schedule some time in the next 10 years

Note this is not exactly accurate text because I'm out of date on this specific topic but something like that was considered…So all I can say to that is,

Right On… That’s what’s up ,😀!!!

…

But getting back too the “Stepping Stone” project

.

I think that such an artificial gravitation habitat such as described above; as I call the “Stepping Stone” would be the most fruitful first step towards the human species seriously moving out into the solar system and populating beyond the planet Earth.

For example, we could definitely build two of these platforms under 10 years. Design research development and implementation on the first stepping stone would take approximately 7 years start to finish.

The second one will simply be franchised as they say in the business community or replication as they would say in the technology community.

But yeah, basic replication of the technology developed in the first stepping stone... Especially the technology of self-replication so that the first “Stepping Stone” vessel actually constructs the second “Stepping Stone “vessel.

Once this is accomplished we could establish orbit for “Stepping Stone1” around the earth and the moon, simultaneously establishing orbit for “Stepping Stone 2” around Mars and the. moon Like an interplanetary bus rout. The “Stepping stones” will be a self contained colony even before you touch down on a planet. The “Stepping Stone” vessel will provide everything the colony would need indefinitely to sustain itself.

Or The “Stepping Stone” can just roll about space on controlled power, solar sails, rocket thrust( H-H-O) or particle accelerator ejection (exhaust). Harvesting and mining resources and raw materials for self replication, for purposes of extending out farther into the planets, the keiper belt and Milky Way at large..

But wait!!

In 5 years (with abundant harvesting resources) The first two stepping stones will self replicate two more stepping stones making a total of four which can easily put us on the route to an interplanetary bus route, so to speak, that reaches out to Jupiter possibly and beyond... All in 15 years or less.

The self replication of the “Stepping Stone” is exponential

Max speed to self replicate is 5 years so consider 7 years the average replication time

The first two “Stepping Stones” will replicate two more “Stepping Stones” in 7 years

All 4 “Stepping Stones” will self replicate In another seven years totaling 8 vessels. All eight vessels will self replicate in seven more years totaling 16 “Stepping Stone “vessels. And on and on…32…64..

In seven revolution of self replication you will have 128 vessel…

Eight self-replication revolutions

Yealds256 vessel…

Nine revolutions yield’s 512vessels and so on…

Quick math:

512 “Stepping Stones”= 9 revolutions of 7 years each

So

Revolutions 9

x Years 7

= 512ships = 63 years

This proses continues indefinitely

And Now you might grasp how the “Stepping Stone” project can and will build a network spanning the solar system in 50 years or less; and extend a network across the milky way galaxy in short order (perhaps 500 years or less).

In about 60 or 70 years (2099 – 2110) We have a whole fleet of “Stepping Stone “vessels. We’d be harvesting raw minerals, discover new methods of transportation, existence, survival and commerce…

THROUGH INTERPLANETARY COLONISATION AND INTERPLANETARY MARKET’S…

and all kinds of really cool stuff …

….

But let me digress a little bit It's fun…

We have talked a lot about science and technology but now lets consider people for a bit…

…

the fundamental nature of human curiosity to explore and discover for the sake of exploration and discovery.

.

The silk road, the imperial Battle for the American colonies, the reach for the moon and beyond. All are driven by the same motivation within the human spirit both as the individual biological animal that we are and as we compile ourselves into the social entity of nations that we are also.

Insatiably self destructively curious.

…

Book Recommendations:

Note: Google search

‘Pdf’+’7 habits of highly effective people’

…

Google search

‘pdf '+’update’+’colinization of mars’+’elon musk’+’space x'

“ “ “

Document title…

The details of Elon Musk and SpaceX plans to establish a

permanent settlement on Mars

“ “ “ Google search parameters for next chapter 4.

.

Prologue:

In The Beginning…

…2472 BCE

Second Transition

Somewhere near the south Eastern fringe of the Sumerian Empire; on the land that would be part of the Persian Empire in another 800 years.

…

Buy grace of the universal creator my head burst fourth from the womb of my Persian mother. With a heave of her strong abdominal muscles my infant body sloshed out into the pool of water Hashatra was sitting in at the edge of the pond... Her sister Sinra assisting to catch me and let me float in the little reed pond they had prepared. An occasion of mingle emotions…

they cleaned me and prepared me for a very long walk… At least from the perspective of most Two Leggers.

My mother dubbed me ‘Bounding Waters '.

but my father ‘Toyk, “of Narn” gently overruled my mother and retitled me “ME-BE”, Which carried a duel meaning; (' I am that I will be’, - ’Water Primordial’).

I grew up with out a father. My mother refused to take another mate. I felt sorry for her sometimes but sometimes the way man cheated the woman I felt happy for her not to suffer that... I didn't discover until my ascension that my father had died from a wound that just would not heal and so I came into this world only to have a father for one and a half transitions.

…

“Many times I have stood before the court of Judgment of my Elohim and in all those times I have fallen short of being fully redeemed; but I've also been measured above the mark to be permanently condemned to sheol…

This book is the story of my journey…”

.

Chapter 1

2451 BCE.

First Breath

…

She was the second daughter of a governor of the province under the direct rule of the Sumerian Empire. I was a moderately successful tradesmen and merchant of a very lowly heritage... We met one day as I had finished setting up shop in the market to sell my inventory. No sooner had I finished preparing for the day's sales then two women of stunning stature and Beauty, both of royal bearing stepped into the shade of my tent seeking to buy earrings and a necklace of silver. It was known by many that I had connections for the finest jewelry in the province.

…

“Greetings Asa!”. Said the slightly taller of the two women now gracing my establishment. “Greetings Rahi!” I replied, “to what do I owe the great privilege of your company.” I said with a smile.

With a sparkle in her hazel brown eyes Rahi began, “My sister Salam is in the market for some jewelry and I told her I knew where the finest could be found.” “Do you still have that necklace set that you showed me the last time I was here?” “In deed I do Rahi.” “And it is a great pleasure to meet you Salam.” I bowed respectfully with my head and at my hips as I turned to face Salam. “I'm sure you will find that your sister has brought you to the right place.”

Both women were beautiful in face and form. soft flawless skin the hue of chestnut and voluptuous swirling brown curls that flowed off of their head's and over their shoulders like water.

Rahi had her curls flowing over her left shoulder leading the eye to the beautiful roundness of her feminine figure. While her sister Salam allowed her hair to flow freely extending all the way down to her hips as though it were a wedding veil set back over the crown of her head.

Without intending it, I had been Snared momentarily in the beauty of Salam, her eyes were an Emerald green with flecs of gold shining like traces of the Sun through the forest leaves. Her eyes were smiling at me and I was captivated... and then I noticed her full round lips were also smiling with appreciation of my admiration.

Recovering myself, I leaned under my display counter and brought forth the item Rahi had mentioned.

Salam and Rahi busy themselves perusing the items I had on display for the public as I brought forth a three piece set of silver jewelry.

“Not only beautiful but functional” I said with a smile that betrayed my genuine Pride at the unusual acquisition. As I set the three piece display out on the counter for the women to see.

Rahi smiled a Cheshire cat smile with her eyes but made no betrayal of her confidence in taste. Salam's eyes open wide and her pupels dilated in true amazement at the fashion ensemble that I set forward.

“oh my, said Salam it is so beautiful!”

“Of the highest quality silver, appropriate and fitting only for royalty my queen.” I said to Salam as she stared at the objects, her fingers gently caressing the silver blade of a necklace fashioned as a chest guard composed of 12 Broad swords made of pure silver. The blade of each silver broadsword approximately 6 inches long and a maximum width of 2 inches across were fashioned at the top of each hilt by a sash of pure silver chainmail six links in width, with a broad clasp that fastened at the back like a necklace. At the center edge, each blade was fastened together to the next blade by two ringlets of pure silver.

The chest guard was accompanied by a matching belt With hip guard composed of 18 Broad sword blades, 6 inches long and 2 inches wide, that would drape over each side of the hip's, attached at the hilt of each blade buy pure silver chainmail of six rows across.

From the center edge of each blade was a silver chain of two ringlets which connected to the center edge of the next blade and so on all the way around the hip guard holding all of the blades in place as a skirt.

The third piece of the set was a 12 inch silver scabbard sheathed in soft sheepskin. The sheepskin was stitched with very fine silver and gold thread which was extended beyond the top of the stich seam of the sheath.

The silver and gold threads binding the sheath cover were twisted together and wrapped in a lattice pattern down to the bottom of the sheath and back to the top of the scaberd, the threads being soddered in place to the top edge of the silver scabbard.

Within the sheath was an 11 inch dagger. The hilt of the dagger made out of cedar from Lebanon. The crown of the dagger composed of solid, pure, silver and encrusted with for emeralds, one emerald at each compass point.

“What magic is this?” her lips whispered softly as Salam gazed at the blade. Smooth to the touch but with blue and silver ripples along its length, like the scales of a serpent. A blade that seemed to shimmer with a life of its own.

Not magic I don’t think, but technology. From the Far East.

“I am told by my Indus supplier that the blade is a mixing of silver and a metal referred to as temper; folded hundreds of times and bound together by tremendous heat .”

“This blade is sharper and harder than anything that our people know how to make. Allow a brief demonstration if you will?” Salam turned the hilt to face me and I slid the blade from its Scabbard.

I took out an unfinished piece of sheepskin from my work shelf and set it on the display counter. With one gentle, easy swipe, I shaved a clean swath of the Sheep’s wool from the skin leaving not even the slightest trace of fur where the blade had Grazed a long the skin.

“How magnificent! Rahi chirped with excited elation.”

“Yes, I replied, “ the craftsman ship is impeccable.”

“I can tell by the look in your eyes that you're interested Salam. Shall we discuss price?”

“I’m certainly willing to negotiate something reasonable, Rahi is a long time customer and friend of mine.”

“I'm sure the price is steep for such craftsmanship and beauty.” Salam replied. “Perhaps it's possible, and I do want it... What is your asking for it.?”

“Well my Queen, the chest guard is 12 Gill of silver by weight and the hip guard is 20 and the dagger is also 10.

I Dare say that the blade and scabbard are unique, could almost be described as priceless.” And with a sheepish smile I added, “Of course if I view it as truly priceless then I would have no food for my dinner.

“Let us negotiate.

I am thinking that for a Nobleman I had never met before I would charge 15 Gill as a fair price.” ?

“This does seem very fair,” Salam replied, “But one must be wealthy to approach such an amount and I don't think we will be able to negotiate.”

“Although I would give you all that I have at this time; but all that I have at this time is 8 Gill and a few Uri.”

A genuinely sad look grew upon my face. I knew that Salam wanted the set and I thought it would be absolutely beautiful on her. If I could, I would have just given it to her. And then Rahi chimed in.

“Your Ascension is coming up in just a couple of weeks Salam. Allow me to contribute as part of your birthday present?”

A beautiful smile drew across Salam’s face. I then spontaneously added (much to my later chagrin) “Your Ascension? Well, congratulations my queen! This is an auspicious occasion... Allow me to contribute as well.

I will let you have it for 10 Gill and if necessary, I will be happy to hold it for you until next week.

Immediately Rahi set 4 Gill on the counter, Salam blushed a little bit but her eyes smiled at her sister. “Thank you so much Rahi,”. Salam said, as she placed the other 6 Gill on the counter.

Once again, I bowed my head and bowed also at my hips in appreciation of their purchase and recognition of there nobility.

“Allow me to prepare this for your travels my Queen” I said, as I reach for a sheepskin that I was going to sell for a shoulder rap, but decided to use it for the packaging for the silver instead. Drawing a feather from underneath of my display and a jar of blackberry juice mixed with charcoal & olive oil I quickly scribbled instructions with not so proficient Arcadian glyph someone had once to try to teach me on the under-side of the shoulder wrap.

Turning the message so that Salam could see it.. I inspected the appearance of her face. For my pleasure (abba forgive) and also to be certain that she understood what I had scribbled out.

She puckered her face and then said,

“So I’m to use spirit of charcoal once every half transition ?”

“Yes my queen.”

“And rinss it in a tub with lots of water...??”

“Yes, my queen.”“ The craftsman which sold me these articles assures me the best way to maintain the finish is to scrub with a rag soaked in spirit of wood ash… then, rinse well in a bath”.

“Repeat this once every half transition, do this and the blades will shine like the stars”.

…

Carefully I laid out each silver item in the sheepskin Shoulder-wrap.

The silver girdle laying on the sheepskin was on the bottom and then carefully I moved the sheepskin holding the necklace on top and finally I set a sheepskin to cover the necklace and placed the dagger on top of the third skin.

Setting the dagger on top of the third sheepskin with the precious items sandwich between the Sheep skins I then carefully wrapped the the sheepskins over the dagger as the you would roll papyrus into a scroll handle. I then bound the rolled package together with two strips of leather and passed it to Salam.

“A beautiful piece of jewelry for a worthy woman, Happy Ascension Salam.” I said with a smile. Salam was beaming with glee.

I handed Salam the role with my head bowed but my eyes in contact with her beautiful green eyes.

Her eyes were still smiling at me.

I wondered if the magnetism I felt for Salam was mutual but would soon discover that Beyond a doubt it was.

…

Chapter 2.

Some is choice, Some is fate…

…

2452 BCE

Southeastern Fringe of Sumerian Empire

I do not believe in love at first sight.

But it is my belief that when a soul is created it is like a sheet that is torn into two parts of equal amounts. Having one goes into a woman and having the other goes into a man. And these are the soul of man and woman.

And when that woman and man meet, there is no Force on earth that will impede them from attempting to reunite in singular spirit through the duality of flesh...

And it was this force of creation that brought us together; even though we both knew that it was utterly forbidden and would mean certain death for me and possibly her as well should our romance be discovered…

…

I raised my eyes as Salam entered the tent, graceful like the leopard…

”Greetings my beloved.” Salam spoke just above a whisper in a voice delicate and pure like the wind blowing through the leaves of the trees.”

“Greetings to you as well my queen, how goes it?”

Salam moved to my side but with her head bowed down in concern. She spoke with words that were hushed from distress …

”There is an air of tension in My Father's House so subtle that if I were not his daughter I would not notice... Although I'm not sure what be the cause I feel that he suspect something of me”.

“A wise man respects a woman's intuition” I said to her.

Compassionately looking into her beautiful eyes, I said “Although I’m not certain of the cause, I too have felt something to be amiss in recent days and tickling my brain like the whiskers of a lion”. I knit my brows and momentary reflection…

But fear not Salam”.

She looked at me with the trace of a tear glistening along the lower of her eyelid, “Asa, what shall we do..?”

“it's known by the other merchants in the market that it is time for me to replenish my inventory, so, my departure will not seem unusual to them. We will rest tonight. Already I have two camels stationed for us as well as provision for the travel and I know the way as I've been many times”.

Rest now my beloved. We will leave it sunrise.

Foot notes, chapter 1 and 2

Definitions:

…

(Salam)

From an Aramaic name which was related to the Hebrew wordשָׁלוֹם (shalom) meaning "peace".

…

The name Rahi is an Arabic baby name. In Arabic the meaning of the name Rahi is:

Spring.

Which carried multiple meanings - 1 the season of spring, 2. The Rebirth of life, 3. a spring of water, 4. Water of Life.

…

ASA?

Asa (אסא): derived from the Hebrew language, as the name appears in the Old Testament to designate the third King of Judah, who reigned for forty years. It became a popular name because of the influence of the Puritans in the 17th century. Asa: Hebrew means healer and/or physician, Ase

....

Story dialogue:

...

Gill:

The ‘Gill’, First established in the city of Ur approximately 5000 the 4500 BCE. The

‘Gill ‘was a gold coin approximately one cintimeters in diameter by two millimeters thick with a bull on the face of it... Stamped with ‘the bull’ head in profile. The ‘Gill’ was supposed to represent the cash value of a healthy fertile, Bull.

...

Gesh:

Continuing with a good idea, the Sumerians begin to mint the 'Gesh'.

The 'Gesh' gold coin Approximately five millimeters in diameter by one millimeter thick, embossed with a Rams Head in front portrait. The 'Gesh' represented 1/10 of the value of a bull or approximately the full economic value of a healthy Ram , or perhaps a couple of sheep.

…

Uri:

the 'Uri' minted approximately 5000 to 4500 BCE buy the city state of Ur was complimentary to the ‘Gill’.

Approximately 3 millimeters in diameter by one millimeter thick, made of bronze and image stamped with a basket of grain.

The 'Uri’ represented 100 of a part of one ‘Gill'

or approximately one bushel of grain, or 10 healthy Rooster's.

...

Segment:

‘Segment’ is a portion of the circumference of a sundial

Typically equivalent visual portions are carved into the circle to represent equivalent passage of solar time.

The sundial would be divided into four parts. Then 8 or more.

Some societies would divided the circle in 6 parts, three above and three below or twelve parts (six above & six below).

Regardless, a 'Segment’, is an equivalent visual division of the circle of the sun dial.

Ratios of the transit of the shadow of the sundial stick across the ‘Segments’ provide chronological measure of daylight, past and remaining, as the Sun Traverse the sky from Dawn to Sunset.

…

Transit:

‘Transit', refers to the passage of the shadow of the sundial stick across the surface of a Sun Dial segments or the sundial as a whole from dawn to sunset or from one segment to next.

However the term ' transit ' in context, could also refer to a travel of Geographic distance. Especially distance over Pro long time Interval

Also; A distance that is repetitive (looping endlessly by necessity), for example, drawing water from a well.

ie. You must do water transit everyday perpetually or die of thirst…

…

Transition:

The term’ Transition’ most typically refers two the seasonal transitions such as transitions like fall into Winter, spring to summer.

.

So to speak one my say that we are deep into the cold or far into the heat or harvest is usually second transition, prior

You would immediately be able to infer on a modern time scale what the character is referring too.

So to say we are deep in the cold

would probably be the first of January.

And to say just

second transition, past …would equate to October/November.

.

This yearly calendar arrangement of four increments but only two seasons was used by migratory farming societies in most probably hunter-gatherer communities before that.. from 12000 BC up until shortly after the fall of the Sumerian to Arcadian Empire's approximately 4500- 3500BCE:

...

First breath:

First breath refers to the biological chronological beginning of the primary protagonist life 2472 BCE

and Journal entries:

First breath -specific chronology:

2472 BCE

First Transition, Past

2472 BCE

April/May.

…

7500bce

Agriculture developed in the fertile crescent, Indus valley and ancient China

…

KIP’S

Slang abbreviation for “Kings and prisoners”...

Utilized the by the country peasantry of the early first Assyrian Empire...

.

an observation of imposition that did not exist before all the king's men and the witch doctor .

A real memory still within reach…

When the peasants were something like the noble Beast of the wilderness.

To do as each one deemed fit for themselves

to do at there own pace and decision...

3500 BCE.

The period of decentralization

…

3000bce:

3000bce in the time between the fall of the Arcadia city-state and the rise of the Persian Empire, Assyrian Empire and Babylonian empire.

Note: During the entire progression from Ur all the way through to the conquest of Egypt by Rome, Egypt was steadily cruising along without any breaks in continuity.

This. In human history witness the birth of socialized Mechanization.

…

Cubit:

the 'Cubit’ is a standard measure established in ancient Egypt sometime between 3500 BCE and 2500 BCE.

...

The length meaning

“ the tip of a grown man’s elbow and extending down to the tip of the middle finger when the hand is out stretched “.” “

...

The 'Cubit’ remained in fashion as the choice for measuring building structure, land perimeters and the like from the Egyptian 1st dynasty along the upper Nile river and passed down to virtually every community and civilization there after until about1500 AD.

The ‘Cubit’ finally fell out of fashion as a standardized distance of measure Around 1000 AD but continued to be utilized in constricted locations as late as the 17th century.

the 'Cubit’ equals approximately 18 inches

or

" " "

“ the distance from the tip of a man's elbow to the tip of his middle finger, with the hand extended “.

" " "

“ KJV “

...

“ Wikipedia “

" " '"

…

Preface to article publication...

…

Although I present this document to the general public for their recreational reading as fiction, I want to state up front; That from time to time I have lucid dreams (usually right before I wake up). These visions, for lack of a better word, in through the grace of my father “””YHWH””” make a profound impact on the direction of my immediate life. Showing me what I am most certain are factual memories of a material existence that I have lived in the past. and the present.. and in the future...

.

I hope you enjoy your glimpse into the entries of my personal journal along this traverse of more than four thousand years……

And continuing…>>>

…

Sincerely…

Hill Bowman

Continue editing

Prologue:

In The Beginning…

…2472 BCE

Second Transition

Somewhere near the south Eastern fringe of the Sumerian Empire; on the land that would be part of the Persian Empire in another 800 years.

…

Buy grace of the universal creator my head burst fourth from the womb of my Persian mother. With a heave of her strong abdominal muscles my infant body sloshed out into the pool of water Hashatra was sitting in at the edge of the pond... Her sister Sinra assisting to catch me and let me float in the little reed pond they had prepared. An occasion of mingle emotions…

they cleaned me and prepared me for a very long walk… At least from the perspective of most Two Leggers.

My mother dubbed me ‘Bounding Waters '.

but my father ‘Toyk, “of Narn” gently overruled my mother and retitled me “ME-BE”, Which carried a duel meaning; (' I am that I will be’, - ’Water Primordial’).

I grew up with out a father. My mother refused to take another mate. I felt sorry for her sometimes but sometimes the way man cheated the woman I felt happy for her not to suffer that... I didn't discover until my ascension that my father had died from a wound that just would not heal and so I came into this world only to have a father for one and a half transitions.

…

“Many times I have stood before the court of Judgment of my Elohim and in all those times I have fallen short of being fully redeemed; but I've also been measured above the mark to be permanently condemned to sheol…

This book is the story of my journey…”

.

Chapter 1

2451 BCE.

First Breath

v“ IN THE SERVICE OF… “

BY

Hill Bowman

…

Born :

2472 BCE

First Transition, Past

.

2472 BCE

April / May

............................................

Copyright © September - 15th, 2018

..............................................

Table of contents:

..............................................

Table of contents:

forward:

Prologue:

Historic review:

Preamble:

Preface:

Article publication preface:

Chapter 1,

Chapter 2,

Chapter 3,

Chapter 4,

Chapter 5,

Chapter 6,

Chapter 7,

Chapter 8,

Chapter 9,

Chapter 10,

Chapter 11,

Final Note

.............................................

Forward

" In The Service Of…":

.

Long before the advent of organized astronomy ancient man had the capacity to perceive his natural and created environment.

The presumption that ancient man is less intelligent or analytical than technological Modern Man is a fallacy.

.

After all, how do you think we got here.

.

Further, the hypothesis that Humanity will be ( in the far flung future ) somehow morally better as a biological organism or individual then the man of today is also a fallacy.

The fundamentals psychological objectives of humanity as a species and man as an individual has been exactly the same since the dawn of time. Man will continue to operate on the fundamental psychological frame work we now have through out the continuum of humanity as a species.

The bulwark of human psychology is in individual and as a species is as follows…

Curiosity:

To explore:

To claim:

To occupy:

To conquer:

To discriminate:

To wage war:

Rinse & Repeat:

.

This is been the Hallmark of humanity sense the dawn of time. To expect the human psychology to alter in any significant way is rubbish.

Anyone who professes that the human psychology will ultimately grow morally lives in delusion and has forgotten the fact that singular man is the apex predator on this planet.

Period.

...

Prolog:

.

Location:

~~Somewhere along the~~ northwestern Fringe of what would become the Persian empire within the geography of what was still considered the Sumerian city-state.

...

2472 BCE

Second Transition

2472 BCE

September / October

.............................................

Chapter 1

First breath

.

Location:

~~At a local trade market~~ somewhere along the borderlands of the Persian & Assyrian empires.

...

History, Environment:

2450 BCE

.

In the land that would soon be the ruins of the Sumerian (first dynasty) which was crumbling due to constant warfare with neighboring societies. Further, overgrowth of population and reduction of raw resources due to a changing natural environment sealed the coffin on Sumer as well as Arcadia and open the door for the Assyrian and Persian Empire’s.

.

All the while... The first dynasty of upper Egypt was steadily cruising right along.

...

2334 BCE: "

Sargon the Great":

2334 BCE:

Sargon began conquering weaker city-states. Although the civilization of Ur existed as direct predecessors and Arcadia as a contemporary of The Sumerian Empire. The Arcadian Empire is considered by many modern historians to be the first Empire in human history

...

Story line Date:

2451 BCE

First Transition, Past

2451 BCE

April / May

.............................................

Chapter 2

Some is choice, Some is fate…

.

Location:

~~At a local market~~ somewhere along the borderlands of the Persian & Assyrian empire...

…

History, Environment:

2450 BCE

...

In the land that would soon be the ruins of the Sumerian civilization (first dynasty) which was crumbling due to constant warfare with neighboring societies, overgrowth of population, reduction of raw resources due to a changing natural environment.

.

2334 BCE: "

Sargon the Great":

Sargon began conquering weaker city-states. Although the civilizations of Ur and Sumer existed as direct predecessors of The Arcadian Empire. Considered by many modern historians to be the first Empire in human history

...

Story line Date:

.

2450 BCE.

Second Transition, prior

.

2450 BCE.

August / September

.............................................

Chapter 3.

Some things never change...

And some things change forever.

.

Location:

~~ Sol 4 ~~

Mars

agricultural settlement

:plot 10,184

34 longitude, 18 latitude

.

Historic Environment:

2086 AD.

Many people consider the date May, 5 - 2086 AD. as the inauguration of the first real, population propelled expansion of the human species in to space as in enter planetary / enter galactic space fairing species…

… Upon receiving transmission confirmation that the first Stepping Stone’ enter-planetary space vessel had achieved stable orbit and was beginning to harvest resources around the planetoid of Pluto

.

2086 AD.:

The end of Nations:

With the idea long in the minds of world leadership from decades back 132 countries around the face of the planet capitulate to establish the UN as international singular world government.

...

Storyline date:

2148 AD.

January, 22

2148 AD.

Deep Cold

............................................

Chapter 4

Man Perpetual

Location:

~~Along the southern Coast ~~ of Venice Italy.

Historic Environment:

The Era of Papal Supremacy

…

1492 AD.

July, 23

1492 AD.

Deep Heat,

............................................

Chapter 5

On A Tour Of Every Ghetto In America

Location:

~~Some where in the desert~~

of Central New Mexico

…

Historic Environment:

The era of Corpratocracy in the guise of

‘free and elected government’.

…

2024 AD.

June, 1

2024 AD.

Deep Heat, Prior

.............................................

Chapter 6.

Title ??

...

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

Date.

Date.

.............................................

Chapter 7.

Title ??

.

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

…

Date.

Date.

…

Chapter 8.

Title ??

...

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

Date.

Date.

.............................................

Chapter 9.

Title ??

.

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

…

Date.

Date.

Chapter .

Title ??

...

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

Date.

Date.

.............................................

Chapter 10.

Title ??

.

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

…

Date.

Date.

………………………………………..

This page for your notes and thoughts:

ISO... Historic review and prologue

~~~

History Review:

…

Ducksters

History Biography Geography Science Games.

" " "

Search Ducksters

Search Ducksters

Ancient Mesopotamia

Timeline

History >> Ancient Mesopotamia

...

" " "

Ancient Mesopotamia is called the cradle of civilization. The first cities and empires formed here.

Power changed hands many times throughout the ancient history of this area. It went from the Sumer to the Akkadians to the Babylonians to the Assyrians back to the Babylonians back to the Assyrians and finally to the Persians.

5000 BC - Sumer form the first towns and cities. They use irrigation to farm large areas of land.

4000 BC - Sumer establish powerful city-states building large ziggurats at the center of their cities as temples to their gods.

3500 BC - Much of lower Mesopotamia is inhabited by numerous Sumer city-states such as Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Kish, Lagash, and Nippur.

3300 BC - The Sumerians invent the first writing. They use pictures for words and inscribe them on clay tablets (Cuniform).

3200 BC - The Sumerians begin to use the wheel on vehicles.

3000 BC - The Sumerians start to implement mathematics using a number system with the base 60.

2700 BC - The famous Sumerian King Gilgamesh rules the city-state of Ur.

2400 BC - The Sumerian language is replaced by the Akkadian language as the primary spoken language in Mesopotamia.

2330 BC - Sargon I of the Akkadians conquers most of the Sumerian city states and creates the world's first empire, the Akkadian Empire.

2250 BC - King Naram-Sin of the Akkadians expands the empire to its largest state. He will rule for 50 years.

2100 BC - After the Akkadian Empire crumbles, the Sumerians once again gain power. The city of Ur is rebuilt.

2000 BC - The Elamites capture Ur.

1900 BC - The Assyrians rise to power in northern Mesopotamia.

1792 BC - Hammurabi becomes king of Babylon. He establishes the Code of Hammurabi and Babylon soon takes over much of Mesopotamia.

1781 BC - King Shamshi-Adad of the Assyrians dies. The First Assyrian Empire is soon taken over by the Babylonians.

1750 BC - Hammurabi dies and the First Babylonian Empire begins to fall apart.

1595 BC - The Kassites take the city of Babylon.

1360 BC - The Assyrians once again rise in power.

1250 BC - The Assyrians begin to use iron weapons and chariots.

1225 BC - The Assyrians capture Babylon.

1115 BC - The Second Assyrian Empire reaches its peak under the rule of King Tiglath-Piliser I.

1077 BC - Tiglath-Piliser dies and the Assyrian Empire becomes weaker for a time.

744 BC - The Assyrian Empire becomes strong once again under the rule of Tiglath-Piliser III.

721 BC - King Sargon II takes control of Assyria. The empire grows stronger.

709 BC - Sargon II takes control of the city of Babylon.

705 BC - Sargon II dies and Sennacherib becomes king. He moves the capital to Nineveh.

668 BC - Ashurbanipal becomes the last great King of Assyria. He establishes a great library in the city of Nineveh.

626 BC - Ashurbanipal dies and Assyria begins to crumble.

616 BC - Nabopolassar takes control of Babylon back from the Assyrians and crowns himself king. The neo-Babylonian empire begins.

604 BC - Nabopolassar dies and Nebuchadnezzar II becomes King of Babylon. He will rule for 43 years and bring the Babylonian Empire to its peak.

550 BC - Cyrus the Great rises to power and the Persian Empire begins.

539 BC - Cyrus the Great takes the city of Babylon and lets the Jewish people return to Israel.

522 BC - Darius I becomes King of Persia. He expands the empire and divides it up into states each ruled by a governor called a satrap.

518 BC - Darius I establishes the capital of the Persian Empire at Persepolis.

490 BC - Darius I attacks the Greeks. He is defeated at the Battle of Marathon.

480 BC - Xerxes I tries to conquer the Greeks with a huge army. He is eventually turned back in defeat.

333 BC - Alexander the Great invades the land and conquers the Persian Empire.

Learn More about Ancient Mesopotamia:

Overview

Timeline of Mesopotamia

Great Cities of Mesopotamia

The Ziggurat

Science, Inventions, and Technology

Assyrian Army

Persian Wars

Glossary and Terms

Civilizations

Sumerians

Akkadian Empire

Babylonian Empire

Assyrian Empire

Persian Empire Culture

Daily Life of Mesopotamia

Art and Artisans

Religion and Gods

Code of Hammurabi

Sumerian Writing and Cuneiform

Epic of Gilgamesh

People

Famous Kings of Mesopotamia

Cyrus the Great

Darius I

Hammurabi

Nebuchadnezzar II

...

Works Cited

...

History >> Ancient Mesopotamia

.

Historic timeline courtesy of

Ducksters.com

.

History, biography, geography, science, and games

" " "

...

...

“ “ “

Mesopotamia:

Mesopotamia was an ancient land. It lay between and around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Most of it was in what is now the country of Iraq. There are some river valleys like the Nile where yearly flooding is predictable. This was not the case for Mesopotamian rivers. The currents were more violent. That meant people living there had to work harder to produce food. Also, resources like wood were rare. This meant that societies in Mesopotamia had to trade or fight with each other to get the resources they needed. Five thousand years ago, Mesopotamia was a land of city-states.

“ “ “

Historic foot notes from:

Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians

~~By Bennett Sherry~~

.

Google search: free PDF download.

‘pdf’+’Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians’

" " "

...

…

“ “ “

Most people lived in walled cities. There were dozens of city-states. Each was ruled by its own king. The city-states were often at war with each other. Over time, the city of Akkad grew stronger than the others. Around 2334 BCE, it began conquering the other cities.

“ “ “

Historic foot notes from: Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians

~~By Bennett Sherry~~

Google search: free PDF download.

‘pdf’+’Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians’

" " "

…

…

“ “ “

Before

3000 BCE, the cities of Mesopotamia were mostly Sumerian. Sumerian was the major language of Mesopotamia until this time. It was also the world’s first written language. The Sumerians invented a writing system. It is called cuneiform. city-state is a political system. It consists of a city and the surrounding land under its control. City-states can be ruled by a government. Or, they can beruled by a king.

Bennett Sherry

“ “ “

Historic foot notes from: Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians

~~By Bennett Sherry~~

Google search: free PDF download.

‘pdf’+’Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians’

“ “ “

…

…

“ “ “

Around 3000 BCE, a new people arrived in northern Mesopotamia. They spoke a Semitic language. We call them Akkadians. The name comes from the city they built, Akkad. The Akkadians ruled history’s first empire. An empire is a political system. A strong state is at its center. That state controls weaker states around it. A bunch of different ancient empires rose in Mesopotamia because it was pretty easy to get to. By contrast, the Nile river valley was surrounded by desert and hard to reach. This is why Mesopotamia was home to the first empires. It was a bunch of separate city-states on fertile land that was easy to march an army across.…

“ “ “

Historic foot notes from:

Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians

“. “ “

~~By Bennett Sherry~~

Google search: free PDF download.

‘pdf’+’Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians’

" " "

…

…

“ “ “

The Akkadians:

One of Akkad’s kings was a man named Sargon. He was the founder of the Akkadian Empire. In 2334 BCE,

Sargon began conquering weaker city-states. Sargon had the world’s first full-time army with 5,400 soldiers. With it, he built the world’s first empire. It ran from the Persian Gulf to Turkey. The Akkadian Empire did not last long. It fell apart soon after Sargon died. Mesopotamia then returned to being a group of warring city-states. But before long, another empire arose.

“ “ “

Historic foot notes from:

Rise ofEmpires: Akkadians and Assyrians

~~By Bennett Sherry~~

Google search: free PDF download.

‘pdf’+’Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians’

" " '

…

…

“ “ “

The Assyrians:

The Assyrian Empire followed the Akkadian Empire. It was much longer-lived. It lasted from 2025 to 609 BCE. The Assyrian empire had three stages: the Old Kingdom, the Middle Empire, and the Neo-Assyrian Empire. For 1,400 years, the Assyrian Empire controlled Mesopotamia. The Assyrian Empire began with the city of Asur. This city had been ruled by Akkad. After the Akkadian empire fell, Asur conquered several nearby cities. Nineveh was one of them. It later became the Assyrian capital. By the seventh century BCE, the Assyrians ruled a huge empire. It stretched from Egypt to Iran.…

…

Historic foot notes from:

Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians

~~By Bennett Sherry~~

Google search: free PDF download.

.

‘pdf’+’Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians’

" " "

...

~~~

Preface:

…...........................................

Definitions

…

Weights, Measures, Currencies and Time increments

:::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::

Currency:::

...

Shell:

One 'Shell’, literally a seashell during the time of it's use, held currency value (spending power) roughly equivalent to a modern U.S. dollar throughout the duration of its use as a coin currency. Though just a humble object.

the Sea Shell was used as currency by humanity from the Dawn of man through out antiquity.

Discoveries of modern archaeology suggest that standardized currency such as the seashell have existed in almost every Society of humanity for as long as we have been able to count 10 fingers on our hands and 10 toe's on our feet.

There is some archaeological evidence suggesting standardized currency possibly predating even metallurgic smelting capabilities...

Not just barter and trade but also a standardized currency and banking structure are apparent innate necessities of the human socio-mechanistic structure. Possibly preceding the city-state of Ur, Sumer and Arcadia

At any rate; the humble seashell remained a critical component of organized trade for multiple societies beginning possibly as far back as 9000 BCE all the way through the birth of recorded civilization and written history. Only falling out of favor towards the end of the 4th century BCE.

Thus making the humble seashell the longest running coinage in continuous circulation in all of human history.

No Wonder as its inflation rate was 1/1000 of 1% per century…

...

" " "

Shells have been used for at leastfour millennia as a bargaining chip in China and Europe, and when metal coins became popular, they were often re-produced on them. The profile of a cowry, a shell always linked to the concept of money, appeared on the first coins of the Western world around the 5th -4th century BC.

" " "

https://benthamscience.com › chapter

Chapter - Shells as Currency - Bentham Science Publisher

" " "

...

" " "

Wikipedia -

Shell money

Shell money is a medium of exchange similar to coin money and other forms of commodity money, and was once commonly used in many parts of the world.

...

Wikipedia

" " "

Commerce, trade, and early forms of currency can be documented for thousands of years before the first coins were minted in southwestern Turkey in the 7th century BC. Exchanges of goods and services before that time were tracked by detailed receipts and notations that took many forms. Among the earliest are represented in the show by clay balls that contain small tokens that represented numbers

" " "

…

Talon:

The 'Talon' when first minted is bileaved to be by many historian is believed to represent the economic value of a healthy fertile Bull.

Talon :

One ‘Talon’. the ‘Talon’ was a printed gold coin of standardized weight.

equivalent to the largest coin currency value in the Roman Empire.

For example 100 gold Tallens would purchase a hundred head of prime cattle or secure you a very nice Roman Villa, with surrounding yard and Gardens...

Then next two highest exchange

of currency would be contract exchange

of materials or agreements of Allegiance...

And then of course the sword

and poison...

...

Pence:

…

Pound:

…

Time :::

Sundial:

in ancient instrument of telling time consisting essentially of a stick at the center of a circle with the shadow of the stick indicating the chronology of the transit of the Sun.

...

Lengths and Distance:::

...

Finger:

...

Palm:

…

Cubit:

…

League:

…

“Necessities of survival”

chapter 1.

The Bigger Picture

...

Hey what's up Y’all I am the author of this book. Folks in Albuquerque called me,“ Smokey” so just ' holla ‘

“ Smokey $moke “

What’s going on everyone?? As you can tell right off the break, I keep things real relaxed and casual. But that doesn’t mean I'm an idiot; ‘Real Talk’. (‘as we would say in Greenwood S.C. But I digress. I do that sometimes…), and it doesn't mean I'm blind either. So I'm going to list some facts of life here. Just check it out… (For real. You can check them out for yourself. Just follow the Google search PDF parameters that I list occasionally along the way for each chapter).

This book is to get you to think. Think about some things… And to talk to your friends and your family and your neighbors about some of these things… And really more important of all… To try to get social media, and crowdfunding, and some technical engineering with realistic deadline projections

things like that…

Really Making Some Major Impacts On The Direction Of Our Species...

Don’t you think we sat around as spectators long enough…

...

I'm going to tell you this because it's a fact and if I don't tell you this up front you'll be scratching your head like what is up with this dude...

.

I am not like any person you have ever met in your natural life. I have not gone through the same experiences as you or most of the people you know.

therefore I have a different perspective on most things that involve existence.

That sounds crazy but you have never lived for 5 years in the raw desert with no water, no electricity, no propane. “ I did that “. I did that voluntarily. I chose to live off grid . 5 years later I am editing this book at my homestead somewhere in the desert of central New Mexico.

You have probably never dealt drugs in a major city (most likely in the way that I do).

For 35 years I've been a street corner drug dealer. I've always paid my rent, I've always paid my utilities and most of the time I had a pay check job too. but when I was a young man I had a friend who was a Rasta and he told me “ Brudder J you must learn from the book, from the crook, the priest and the thief because each one has a critical message to teach you and if you don't understand the lesson each of them has to teach; you will suffer in life.

this gentleman's name was Bruce Joseph and I'm indebted forever more for departing this piece of information to me cuz it's been critical to my survival in the most profound ways that words cannot really communicate.

.

Because I have faced frozen fingers and frostbitten toes without exaggeration.

Because I have walked through the desert of New Mexico in Valencia county for two days without water or food and understand what sleep deprivation, dehydration and malnutrition on the verge of starvation is really all about.

To think that I might die in the next step.

to understand that every person has a capability in a capacity and an experience worth sharing but most people have severe personal flaws and cannot be trusted for more than a micro second before you need to walk away or take action for your own preservation.

Because I've looked into the face of a tornado, a hurricane, a flash flood, a house fire and I've come out of all of those alive not through my ability or strength but by the blessing of my Abba Yahweh my creator in my father.

because I'm college educated and have four year of study in fine arts, graphic design (Corcoran School of Art , Washington DC), I’ve study three years of physics. ( the University of the district of Columbia) (Maryland University ) and one on my own time in trigonometry.

I understand the analytical subjects that are discussed by the analytical men of modern society.

.

Now this is kind of like my resume and people could take it to mean that I'm trying to say that I'm this or that or whatever. I am nothing, I'm just a mold of dust floating in this vast spectrum of the universe...

And all of the technical and scientific game information that I derive my hypotheses from come from men that are much more educated than me. So I defer to them when it comes to the science and technology. But I trust in the publications and the scientists and technicians to say that these things are real, they are here, they are waiting on you, on me, on us...

...

I want to suggest that you read a few books along the way as I write this. The first book I want to recommend to you is

“ “ “

Frank Tippler, “ the physics of immortality”

“ “ “

…

And a website that I frequently referred to

“ “ “

New Scientist.com”

check it out

“ “ “

....Now then, if you need to know anything about Frank Tippler, let me tell you, You need to know that he is a physicist and is a theoretical mathematician. When it comes to mathematics nobody on this earth understands what the fundamental meaning of the numbers is better than this man. So if he says the mathematics dictates and predicts the universe to behave according to this mathematics, well then either the entire fundamental method by which Western mathematics does calculation is somehow incorrect… or he knows what he's talking about and you should just trust him on that. Why? Because, he spent his life learning how to do theoretical mathematics for the simple point that he can tell you what he discovers in the mathematics that you could never figure out for yourself.

And you can apply the above statement to any other documents that I refer to you.

PS. So just open your mind and understand that 200 years ago we didn't know there was any such thing as oxygen, hydrogen or nitrogen, we called it air or ether.

…

It is not the objective of this book to argue about whether we have already reached, or when we will reach maximum population density or that there are several asteroids with eminent impact probabilities headed towards Earth as I write this, dramatic global climate change or any of those end of the world scenarios…. And We don’t need an end of the world catastrophe scenario anyway…

…

We did not go to the moon just so the US could snub the Russians. No, the United States went to the moon to prove escape velocity possible, exit of the atmosphere possible. This was done as a necessary prelude to lunar colonization for military purposes and mining.

As I write this the U.S., Russia, European space agency, China and India all have Orbital satellites with 1 meter resolution circling the globe and spying on one another as well as inspecting Earth perimeter out to the Moon and beyond for military purposes. Why? Because we (As a species) have ambitions of expansion throughout our solar system and beyond not just the US or government but all human beings.

It is the nature of us as “two leggers” to explore everything we can reach, and everything we can reach we go and inhabit, and everything we inhabit we possess and we claim, and then we spread out from there.

That is the nature of human beings thus far and the last two million years.

…

I will however make the observation that all organisms on this planet are constantly reproducing not only human beings but every other animal as well and maximum population density is inevitable. Therefore it is not a question of if or even when. The matter is simply inevitable and unescapable. Therefore the sooner that you can organize and mobilize the necessary personnel equipment materials cash etc. In the necessary directions for survival of this biosphere as well as every species on it, the sooner all will be better off.

…

In other words, like a baby bird we are almost ready to leave the nest and the problems with the vast distances and the amount of time it takes to travel will be surmounted by the effort put into overcoming them.

In other words the sooner we get out there the quicker we’ll figure it out we ain’t going to do it on the beach…

I don’t expect you to take my word for it. Whatever I say is my own personal opinion. I am sure that there are plenty of people with doctorates, professional credentials, and various college degrees that want to argue with me. And while I respect their education credentials and opinions.. (after all it is their documents that I research for my books). But I don’t have the time for them… this book is not about theoretical science but applicable technology.

If you don't believe me, then just follow the links I provide in this text.

Below is Google search parameters for the next chapter.

‘pdf’+’current extinction event

~~~~

Google search parameters for next chapter …

https://www.google.com/search?q=current+Extinction+event&oq=current+Extinction+event&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l3.7853j0j9&client=ms-android-americamovil-us&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8

Further Google search parameter recommended for this ongoing dialogue…

…

‘ PDF’+' scientifically proven Extinction events’

…

‘ pdf’+' bottle neck theory’+' evolution of societies and species’

Google search results:::

::::

The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the Sixthextinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly as a result of human activity.

Holocene extinction - Wikipedia

Wikipedia › wiki › Holocene_extinction

Feedback

About this result

PEOPLE ALSO ASK

When was the last extinction event?

What are t…

…

How many extinction level events have occurred?

Feedback

Holocene extinction - Wikipedia

Wikipedia › wiki › Holocene_extinction

…

The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly as a result of human activity.

Definitions

Anthropocene

Influences

Competition by humans

Defaunation

History

Recent extinction

Earth's sixth mass extinction event under way, scientists warn

The Guardian

Jul 10, 2017 · Researchers talk of 'biological annihilation' as study reveals billions of populations of ...

The Extinction Crisis - Center for Biological Diversity

Center for Biological Diversity › programs

We're currently experiencing the worst spate of species die-offs since the loss of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

Sixth extinction: The era of 'biological annihilation'

CNN.com

Jul 11, 2017 · Scientists have said it's clear that Earth is entering its sixth mass-extinction event; Study: A ...

Earth Is Not in the Midst of a Sixth Mass Extinction - The Atlantic

The Atlantic › archive › 2017/06

Jun 13, 2017 · Like all extinction events, so far this one has been phased and ... the current situation and past mass extinctions don' t have a clue ...

Earth is on its way to the biggest mass extinction since the ...

Washington Post

Jul 12, 2017 · The study says the losses are indicative of the planet's “ ongoing six major extinction events” and has ...

Earth has entered into a sixth mass extinction event

Wired UK › uk

Jul 11, 2017 · Earth has entered into a sixth mass extinction event ... The maps were generated by comparing historic and current geographic ranges.

Breaking: the next mass extinction event is already underway

Raidió Teilifís Éireann › ie

Feb 23, 2018 · We are at the beginnings of a mass extinction event. ... range of vertebrate species and estimates current extinction rates are up to ...

Evolution: Library: The Current Mass Extinction - PBS

PBS › wgbh › evolution › library

The aerial photograph on the left shows the Transamazonian highway just after completion. The satellite photograph ...

The misunderstood sixth mass extinction | Science

Science Magazine › science › content

by G Ceballos · 2018 · Cited by 4 · Related articles

The Bigger Picture

...

Hey what's up Y’all I am the author of this book. Folks in Albuquerque called me,“ Smokey” so just ' holla ‘

“ Smokey $moke “

What’s going on everyone?? As you can tell right off the break, I keep things real relaxed and casual. But that doesn’t mean I'm an idiot; ‘Real Talk’. (‘as we would say in Greenwood S.C. But I digress. I do that sometimes…), and it doesn't mean I'm blind either. So I'm going to list some facts of life here. Just check it out… (For real. You can check them out for yourself. Just follow the Google search PDF parameters that I list occasionally along the way for each chapter).

This book is to get you to think. Think about some things… And to talk to your friends and your family and your neighbors about some of these things… And really more important of all… To try to get social media, and crowdfunding, and some technical engineering with realistic deadline projections

things like that…

Really Making Some Major Impacts On The Direction Of Our Species...

Don’t you think we sat around as spectators long enough…

...

I'm going to tell you this because it's a fact and if I don't tell you this up front you'll be scratching your head like what is up with this dude...

.

I am not like any person you have ever met in your natural life. I have not gone through the same experiences as you or most of the people you know.

therefore I have a different perspective on most things that involve existence.

That sounds crazy but you have never lived for 5 years in the raw desert with no water, no electricity, no propane. “ I did that “. I did that voluntarily. I chose to live off grid . 5 years later I am editing this book at my homestead somewhere in the desert of central New Mexico.

You have probably never dealt drugs in a major city (most likely in the way that I do).

For 35 years I've been a street corner drug dealer. I've always paid my rent, I've always paid my utilities and most of the time I had a pay check job too. but when I was a young man I had a friend who was a Rasta and he told me “ Brudder J you must learn from the book, from the crook, the priest and the thief because each one has a critical message to teach you and if you don't understand the lesson each of them has to teach; you will suffer in life.

this gentleman's name was Bruce Joseph and I'm indebted forever more for departing this piece of information to me cuz it's been critical to my survival in the most profound ways that words cannot really communicate.

.

Because I have faced frozen fingers and frostbitten toes without exaggeration.

Because I have walked through the desert of New Mexico in Valencia county for two days without water or food and understand what sleep deprivation, dehydration and malnutrition on the verge of starvation is really all about.

To think that I might die in the next step.

to understand that every person has a capability in a capacity and an experience worth sharing but most people have severe personal flaws and cannot be trusted for more than a micro second before you need to walk away or take action for your own preservation.

Because I've looked into the face of a tornado, a hurricane, a flash flood, a house fire and I've come out of all of those alive not through my ability or strength but by the blessing of my Abba Yahweh my creator in my father.

because I'm college educated and have four year of study in fine arts, graphic design (Corcoran School of Art , Washington DC), I’ve study three years of physics. ( the University of the district of Columbia) (Maryland University ) and one on my own time in trigonometry.

I understand the analytical subjects that are discussed by the analytical men of modern society.

.

Now this is kind of like my resume and people could take it to mean that I'm trying to say that I'm this or that or whatever. I am nothing, I'm just a mold of dust floating in this vast spectrum of the universe...

And all of the technical and scientific game information that I derive my hypotheses from come from men that are much more educated than me. So I defer to them when it comes to the science and technology. But I trust in the publications and the scientists and technicians to say that these things are real, they are here, they are waiting on you, on me, on us...

...

I want to suggest that you read a few books along the way as I write this. The first book I want to recommend to you is

“ “ “

Frank Tippler, “ the physics of immortality”

“ “ “

…

And a website that I frequently referred to

“ “ “

New Scientist.com”

check it out

“ “ “

....Now then, if you need to know anything about Frank Tippler, let me tell you, You need to know that he is a physicist and is a theoretical mathematician. When it comes to mathematics nobody on this earth understands what the fundamental meaning of the numbers is better than this man. So if he says the mathematics dictates and predicts the universe to behave according to this mathematics, well then either the entire fundamental method by which Western mathematics does calculation is somehow incorrect… or he knows what he's talking about and you should just trust him on that. Why? Because, he spent his life learning how to do theoretical mathematics for the simple point that he can tell you what he discovers in the mathematics that you could never figure out for yourself.

And you can apply the above statement to any other documents that I refer to you.

PS. So just open your mind and understand that 200 years ago we didn't know there was any such thing as oxygen, hydrogen or nitrogen, we called it air or ether.

…

It is not the objective of this book to argue about whether we have already reached, or when we will reach maximum population density or that there are several asteroids with eminent impact probabilities headed towards Earth as I write this, dramatic global climate change or any of those end of the world scenarios…. And We don’t need an end of the world catastrophe scenario anyway…

…

We did not go to the moon just so the US could snub the Russians. No, the United States went to the moon to prove escape velocity possible, exit of the atmosphere possible. This was done as a necessary prelude to lunar colonization for military purposes and mining.

As I write this the U.S., Russia, European space agency, China and India all have Orbital satellites with 1 meter resolution circling the globe and spying on one another as well as inspecting Earth perimeter out to the Moon and beyond for military purposes. Why? Because we (As a species) have ambitions of expansion throughout our solar system and beyond not just the US or government but all human beings.

It is the nature of us as “two leggers” to explore everything we can reach, and everything we can reach we go and inhabit, and everything we inhabit we possess and we claim, and then we spread out from there.

That is the nature of human beings thus far and the last two million years.

…

I will however make the observation that all organisms on this planet are constantly reproducing not only human beings but every other animal as well and maximum population density is inevitable. Therefore it is not a question of if or even when. The matter is simply inevitable and unescapable. Therefore the sooner that you can organize and mobilize the necessary personnel equipment materials cash etc. In the necessary directions for survival of this biosphere as well as every species on it, the sooner all will be better off.

…

In other words, like a baby bird we are almost ready to leave the nest and the problems with the vast distances and the amount of time it takes to travel will be surmounted by the effort put into overcoming them.

In other words the sooner we get out there the quicker we’ll figure it out we ain’t going to do it on the beach…

I don’t expect you to take my word for it. Whatever I say is my own personal opinion. I am sure that there are plenty of people with doctorates, professional credentials, and various college degrees that want to argue with me. And while I respect their education credentials and opinions.. (after all it is their documents that I research for my books). But I don’t have the time for them… this book is not about theoretical science but applicable technology.

If you don't believe me, then just follow the links I provide in this text.

Below is Google search parameters for the next chapter.

‘pdf’+’current extinction event

~~~~

Google search parameters for next chapter …

https://www.google.com/search?q=current+Extinction+event&oq=current+Extinction+event&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l3.7853j0j9&client=ms-android-americamovil-us&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8

Further Google search parameter recommended for this ongoing dialogue…

…

‘ PDF’+' scientifically proven Extinction events’

…

‘ pdf’+' bottle neck theory’+' evolution of societies and species’

Google search results:::

::::

The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the Sixthextinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly as a result of human activity.

Holocene extinction - Wikipedia

Wikipedia › wiki › Holocene_extinction

Feedback

About this result

PEOPLE ALSO ASK

When was the last extinction event?

What are t…

…

How many extinction level events have occurred?

Feedback

Holocene extinction - Wikipedia

Wikipedia › wiki › Holocene_extinction

…

The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly as a result of human activity.

Definitions

Anthropocene

Influences

Competition by humans

Defaunation

History

Recent extinction

Earth's sixth mass extinction event under way, scientists warn

The Guardian

Jul 10, 2017 · Researchers talk of 'biological annihilation' as study reveals billions of populations of ...

The Extinction Crisis - Center for Biological Diversity

Center for Biological Diversity › programs

We're currently experiencing the worst spate of species die-offs since the loss of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

Sixth extinction: The era of 'biological annihilation'

CNN.com

Jul 11, 2017 · Scientists have said it's clear that Earth is entering its sixth mass-extinction event; Study: A ...

Earth Is Not in the Midst of a Sixth Mass Extinction - The Atlantic

The Atlantic › archive › 2017/06

Jun 13, 2017 · Like all extinction events, so far this one has been phased and ... the current situation and past mass extinctions don' t have a clue ...

Earth is on its way to the biggest mass extinction since the ...

Washington Post

Jul 12, 2017 · The study says the losses are indicative of the planet's “ ongoing six major extinction events” and has ...

Earth has entered into a sixth mass extinction event

Wired UK › uk

Jul 11, 2017 · Earth has entered into a sixth mass extinction event ... The maps were generated by comparing historic and current geographic ranges.

Breaking: the next mass extinction event is already underway

Raidió Teilifís Éireann › ie

Feb 23, 2018 · We are at the beginnings of a mass extinction event. ... range of vertebrate species and estimates current extinction rates are up to ...

Evolution: Library: The Current Mass Extinction - PBS

PBS › wgbh › evolution › library

The aerial photograph on the left shows the Transamazonian highway just after completion. The satellite photograph ...

The misunderstood sixth mass extinction | Science

Science Magazine › science › content

by G Ceballos · 2018 · Cited by 4 · Related articles

BY

Hill Bowman

…

Born :

2472 BCE

First Transition, Past

.

2472 BCE

April / May

............................................

Copyright © September - 15th, 2018

..............................................

Table of contents:

..............................................

Table of contents:

forward:

Prologue:

Historic review:

Preamble:

Preface:

Article publication preface:

Chapter 1,

Chapter 2,

Chapter 3,

Chapter 4,

Chapter 5,

Chapter 6,

Chapter 7,

Chapter 8,

Chapter 9,

Chapter 10,

Chapter 11,

Final Note

.............................................

Forward

" In The Service Of…":

.

Long before the advent of organized astronomy ancient man had the capacity to perceive his natural and created environment.

The presumption that ancient man is less intelligent or analytical than technological Modern Man is a fallacy.

.

After all, how do you think we got here.

.

Further, the hypothesis that Humanity will be ( in the far flung future ) somehow morally better as a biological organism or individual then the man of today is also a fallacy.

The fundamentals psychological objectives of humanity as a species and man as an individual has been exactly the same since the dawn of time. Man will continue to operate on the fundamental psychological frame work we now have through out the continuum of humanity as a species.

The bulwark of human psychology is in individual and as a species is as follows…

Curiosity:

To explore:

To claim:

To occupy:

To conquer:

To discriminate:

To wage war:

Rinse & Repeat:

.

This is been the Hallmark of humanity sense the dawn of time. To expect the human psychology to alter in any significant way is rubbish.

Anyone who professes that the human psychology will ultimately grow morally lives in delusion and has forgotten the fact that singular man is the apex predator on this planet.

Period.

...

Prologue:

.

Location:

~~Somewhere along the~~ northwestern Fringe of what would become the Persian empire within the geography of what was still considered the Sumerian city-state.

...

2472 BCE

Second Transition

2472 BCE

September / October

.............................................

.............................................

Chapter 1

First breath

.

Location:

~~At a local trade market~~ somewhere along the borderlands of the Persian & Assyrian empires.

...

History, Environment:

2450 BCE

.

In the land that would soon be the ruins of the Sumerian (first dynasty) which was crumbling due to constant warfare with neighboring societies. Further, overgrowth of population and reduction of raw resources due to a changing natural environment sealed the coffin on Sumer as well as Arcadia and open the door for the Assyrian and Persian Empire’s.

.

All the while... The first dynasty of upper Egypt was steadily cruising right along.

...

2334 BCE: "

Sargon the Great":

2334 BCE:

Sargon began conquering weaker city-states. Although the civilization of Ur existed as direct predecessors and Arcadia as a contemporary of The Sumerian Empire. The Arcadian Empire is considered by many modern historians to be the first Empire in human history

...

Story line Date:

2451 BCE

First Transition, Past

2451 BCE

April / May

.............................................

Chapter 2

Some is choice, Some is fate…

.

Location:

~~At a local market~~ somewhere along the borderlands of the Persian & Assyrian empire...

…

History, Environment:

2450 BCE

...

In the land that would soon be the ruins of the Sumerian civilization (first dynasty) which was crumbling due to constant warfare with neighboring societies, overgrowth of population, reduction of raw resources due to a changing natural environment.

.

2334 BCE: "

Sargon the Great":

Sargon began conquering weaker city-states. Although the civilizations of Ur and Sumer existed as direct predecessors of The Arcadian Empire. Considered by many modern historians to be the first Empire in human history

...

Story line Date:

.

2450 BCE.

Second Transition, prior

.

2450 BCE.

August / September

.............................................

Chapter 3.

Some things never change...

And some things change forever.

.

Location:

~~ Sol 4 ~~

Mars

agricultural settlement

:plot 10,184

34 longitude, 18 latitude

.

Historic Environment:

2086 AD.

Many people consider the date May, 5 - 2086 AD. as the inauguration of the first real, population propelled expansion of the human species in to space as in enter planetary / enter galactic space fairing species…

… Upon receiving transmission confirmation that the first Stepping Stone’ enter-planetary space vessel had achieved stable orbit and was beginning to harvest resources around the planetoid of Pluto

.

2086 AD.:

The end of Nations:

With the idea long in the minds of world leadership from decades back 132 countries around the face of the planet capitulate to establish the UN as international singular world government.

...

Storyline date:

2148 AD.

January, 22

2148 AD.

Deep Cold

............................................

Chapter 4

Man Perpetual

Location:

~~Along the southern Coast ~~ of Venice Italy.

Historic Environment:

The Era of Papal Supremacy

…

1492 AD.

July, 23

1492 AD.

Deep Heat,

............................................

Chapter 5

On A Tour Of Every Ghetto In America

Location:

~~Some where in the desert~~

of Central New Mexico

…

Historic Environment:

The era of Corpratocracy in the guise of

‘free and elected government’.

…

2024 AD.

June, 1

2024 AD.

Deep Heat, Prior

.............................................

Chapter 6.

Title ??

...

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

Date.

Date.

.............................................

Chapter 7.

Title ??

.

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

…

Date.

Date.

…

Chapter 8.

Title ??

...

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

Date.

Date.

.............................................

Chapter 9.

Title ??

.

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

…

Date.

Date.

Chapter .

Title ??

...

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

Date.

Date.

.............................................

Chapter 10.

Title ??

.

~~Location~~

Historic Environment:

…

Date.

Date.

………………………………………..

This page for your notes and thoughts:

ISO... Historic review and prologue

~~~

History Review:

…

Ducksters

History Biography Geography Science Games.

" " "

Search Ducksters

Search Ducksters

Ancient Mesopotamia

Timeline

History >> Ancient Mesopotamia

...

" " "

Ancient Mesopotamia is called the cradle of civilization. The first cities and empires formed here.

Power changed hands many times throughout the ancient history of this area. It went from the Sumer to the Akkadians to the Babylonians to the Assyrians back to the Babylonians back to the Assyrians and finally to the Persians.

5000 BC - Sumer form the first towns and cities. They use irrigation to farm large areas of land.

4000 BC - Sumer establish powerful city-states building large ziggurats at the center of their cities as temples to their gods.

3500 BC - Much of lower Mesopotamia is inhabited by numerous Sumer city-states such as Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Kish, Lagash, and Nippur.

3300 BC - The Sumerians invent the first writing. They use pictures for words and inscribe them on clay tablets (Cuniform).

3200 BC - The Sumerians begin to use the wheel on vehicles.

3000 BC - The Sumerians start to implement mathematics using a number system with the base 60.

2700 BC - The famous Sumerian King Gilgamesh rules the city-state of Ur.

2400 BC - The Sumerian language is replaced by the Akkadian language as the primary spoken language in Mesopotamia.

2330 BC - Sargon I of the Akkadians conquers most of the Sumerian city states and creates the world's first empire, the Akkadian Empire.

2250 BC - King Naram-Sin of the Akkadians expands the empire to its largest state. He will rule for 50 years.

2100 BC - After the Akkadian Empire crumbles, the Sumerians once again gain power. The city of Ur is rebuilt.

2000 BC - The Elamites capture Ur.

1900 BC - The Assyrians rise to power in northern Mesopotamia.

1792 BC - Hammurabi becomes king of Babylon. He establishes the Code of Hammurabi and Babylon soon takes over much of Mesopotamia.

1781 BC - King Shamshi-Adad of the Assyrians dies. The First Assyrian Empire is soon taken over by the Babylonians.

1750 BC - Hammurabi dies and the First Babylonian Empire begins to fall apart.

1595 BC - The Kassites take the city of Babylon.

1360 BC - The Assyrians once again rise in power.

1250 BC - The Assyrians begin to use iron weapons and chariots.

1225 BC - The Assyrians capture Babylon.

1115 BC - The Second Assyrian Empire reaches its peak under the rule of King Tiglath-Piliser I.

1077 BC - Tiglath-Piliser dies and the Assyrian Empire becomes weaker for a time.

744 BC - The Assyrian Empire becomes strong once again under the rule of Tiglath-Piliser III.

721 BC - King Sargon II takes control of Assyria. The empire grows stronger.

709 BC - Sargon II takes control of the city of Babylon.

705 BC - Sargon II dies and Sennacherib becomes king. He moves the capital to Nineveh.

668 BC - Ashurbanipal becomes the last great King of Assyria. He establishes a great library in the city of Nineveh.

626 BC - Ashurbanipal dies and Assyria begins to crumble.

616 BC - Nabopolassar takes control of Babylon back from the Assyrians and crowns himself king. The neo-Babylonian empire begins.

604 BC - Nabopolassar dies and Nebuchadnezzar II becomes King of Babylon. He will rule for 43 years and bring the Babylonian Empire to its peak.

550 BC - Cyrus the Great rises to power and the Persian Empire begins.

539 BC - Cyrus the Great takes the city of Babylon and lets the Jewish people return to Israel.

522 BC - Darius I becomes King of Persia. He expands the empire and divides it up into states each ruled by a governor called a satrap.

518 BC - Darius I establishes the capital of the Persian Empire at Persepolis.

490 BC - Darius I attacks the Greeks. He is defeated at the Battle of Marathon.

480 BC - Xerxes I tries to conquer the Greeks with a huge army. He is eventually turned back in defeat.

333 BC - Alexander the Great invades the land and conquers the Persian Empire.

Learn More about Ancient Mesopotamia:

Overview

Timeline of Mesopotamia

Great Cities of Mesopotamia

The Ziggurat

Science, Inventions, and Technology

Assyrian Army

Persian Wars

Glossary and Terms

Civilizations

Sumerians

Akkadian Empire

Babylonian Empire

Assyrian Empire

Persian Empire Culture

Daily Life of Mesopotamia

Art and Artisans

Religion and Gods

Code of Hammurabi

Sumerian Writing and Cuneiform

Epic of Gilgamesh

People

Famous Kings of Mesopotamia

Cyrus the Great

Darius I

Hammurabi

Nebuchadnezzar II

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Works Cited

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History >> Ancient Mesopotamia

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Historic timeline courtesy of

Ducksters.com

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History, biography, geography, science, and games

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Mesopotamia:

Mesopotamia was an ancient land. It lay between and around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Most of it was in what is now the country of Iraq. There are some river valleys like the Nile where yearly flooding is predictable. This was not the case for Mesopotamian rivers. The currents were more violent. That meant people living there had to work harder to produce food. Also, resources like wood were rare. This meant that societies in Mesopotamia had to trade or fight with each other to get the resources they needed. Five thousand years ago, Mesopotamia was a land of city-states.

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Historic foot notes from:

Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians

~~By Bennett Sherry~~

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Google search: free PDF download.

‘pdf’+’Rise of Empires: Akkadians and Assyrians’

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Most people lived in walled cities. There were dozens of city-states. Each was ruled by its own king. The city-states were often at war with each other. Over time, the city of Akkad grew stronger than the others. Around 2334 BCE, it began conquering the other cities.