Gridlock Lacquer

What’s 5-Free Nail Polish and why does it matter?

In the past few years the terms “3-Free” and “5-Free” are thrown around as common nail polish buss words.  But what do they mean exactly?  These terms are referring to a lack of chemicals that has historically been included as ingredients in the majority of nail polish formulas. 

“3-Free” eliminates the toxic trio of: Formaldehyde, Toluene and Dibutyl Phthalate.  “5-Free” takes it one step further and also eliminates Camphor and Formaldehyde Resin.  Here’s the low down on why each of these chemicals were included in nail polish formulas and why they are now starting to be eliminated.

Dibutyl Phthalate is a commonly used plasticizer.  Plasticizers are used to increase fluidity, as a solvent for dyes and as a method to decrease brittleness.  Use of DBP has been declining by major nail polish brands since 2006.  Issues with DBP include complications with the endocrine system.  DBP can be absorbed through the skin and has been known to increase the ability of other chemicals in causing genetic mutations.  It is also suspected to cause liver and kidney failure in young children and interfere with fertility.

Formaldehyde is best known as an ingredient in industrial solvents and for use in preserving biological specimens and the embalming of humans.  It’s contribution to nail polish is working as a hardener to preserve the polish once it has been applied.  Formaldehyde is a carcinogen, meaning it’s capable of causing cancer in living tissue.

Toluene is a commonly used solvent, heavily utilized in paint thinners.  It allows other substances to be dissolved in liquid.  Toluene has shown to cause issues with the human nervous system, can cause headaches, nausea and dizziness and can affect kidney function.  Exposure to toluene during pregnancy can also have adverse effects on unborn children.

Formaldehyde Resin is a synthetic derivative of Formaldehyde commonly used in making paints and is an effective hardener.  This has shown some evidence of immune system toxicity and allergens.

Camphor is another plasticizer and is often used as bug repellent, in embalming and in fireworks (as it’s flammable).  Camphor can be absorbed through the skin and can cause disorientation, cramps, vomiting and seizures.  This is generally only a concern when exposed to large doses.