GhostedMe

You go for a vacation in the great outdoors to liberate your soul and invigorate your spirit. You found the perfect spot and you are fully enjoying every minute from the stresses of modern life. However, something happens during a short hike to explore the beautiful surroundings and your perfect spot, no cell reception, has become a liability. You are hurt and stranded, somewhere. What would you do?

How you deal with this scenario will greatly depend on your survival skills. Here is a list of skills that can help you survive this scenario and come out alive.

Camping Survival

There is no better place or opportunity to practice survival skills than camping. Skills like Fire making from scratch, Shelter using available resources, Water purification, Gather food like fish from a stream or river and Plant identification (medicinal, edible or poisonous).

Outdoor Survival Hacks

Being prepared for the worst case scenario is vital for survival. That’s why it’s important to learn outdoor survival hacks such as these, so you’ll have a backup plan when technology fails you. Just because you’re out in the wilderness doesn’t mean you can’t improvise.

Make a lamp from a tuna can, Crayons make great candles, Another lamp from an aluminum can, Make fish hooks from can tabs, Use a piece of cloth to filter water, Make a camp stove from a can or Use plants to repel mosiquitoes and other pests.

Survive the Rain while Camping

To some campers, rain is a curse. For survivalists, it’s an exciting challenge. Camping in a rainstorm can teach you how to pack smartly and lightly, how to use your resources in the wilderness, and how to maintain a fire in the rain.

How to Shoot

Because being out there exposes you to many dangers. And of course, you need to hunt for food.

No matter if you’re a first time firearms owner or a seasoned hunter, knowledge of your weapon is paramount. This means practicing to hone your shooting skills to a fine point.

When it comes to shooting, everyone has that one thing that they need to work on. For you it could be sighting in your gun and focusing, or you pull your shot (trigger control), or it’s your follow through. Whatever it may be, it is practice that will improve your skills and ensure you have shooting the proper form and technique.

Build a Fire

It may be elementary, but building a fire is really an essential survival skill.

Building a fire might sound extremely simple, just pile up some wood and light a match – easy, right? However, good fire starting technique is a bit more involved. With the right combination of oxygen, fuel, and heat you can produce a flame, but building the fire correctly is the key to any successful and sustaining fire.

When using only natural materials, to make your fire, one of the most important elements to remember is to start with tinder and small sticks. A match is not really capable of lighting anything much larger than itself in diameter. Therefore you must create a layered fire with the smaller branches and twigs at the bottom with bigger and bigger braches building up to the larger logs. This layering system with give you a longer lasting fire and will light easier.

Build a Shower

Being in the wilderness makes you vulnerable to diseases so try to maintain good hygiene. Having the knowledge to build an outdoor shower is extremely important whether you’re camping, hiking, or surviving in the great outdoors. Because maintaining basic hygiene skills is another form of maintaining preventative medicine and infections from injury is likely to happen without proper medical tools or supplies available.

As your adventure takes you deeper and deeper into the wilderness your access to fresh running water can become limited. Therefore the knowledge of gathering an appropriate amount of water from lakes and other large bodies of water is a valuable skill.

Outdoor Survival Tactics

When things go from bad to SHTF, you need these survival tactics.

Find water, Make survival shelter, Start a fire, Know your local plants (what is safe & what is dangerous), Finding food, First Aid skills, Protect yourself from the animals & Protect yourself from other people.

Let People Know Your Plans Before Going On a Trip

You just wanted to go for a hike on a beautiful day, then after a few hours of walking you find that you’re lost. You didn’t bring anything because you had no plans to be away for too long. Now what? Does anyone know that you are even out here? Did you leave an itinerary or note or text for someone to be able to know that you are lost/missing? It does sound trivial but when things go wrong, your loved ones have to know where you have gone.

Help Yourself

Here is a little advice from a Search and Rescue expert friend of mine.

Help Yourself - Anticipate possible difficulty and have confidence in your ability to solve your own problems. Instead of simply resting, nursing your blisters, and calling for help, you need to adjust your trip itinerary to fit a new reality to get yourself out in one piece.

Study Up - Thoroughly research the terrain in which you will be traveling and become extremely Knowledgeable with the topographic maps. Plus, ask park rangers for information about water availability and other route specifics BEFORE you set off.

Outsmart Summer – It is best to hick at night and sleep during the heat of the day. The tent, sleeping bag, and stove should also stay at home to achieve minimal pack weight. What really matters is that you adapt your style and technique to be part of the natural world you’re entering.

Deal With the Heat - Wear the right clothes. Choose apparel made of breathable, moisture-retaining fabrics (like cotton) for your hike. And don’t forget a hat that shades your face. Embrace the sweat. Sweating cools your body through evaporation. On hot days, you should worry if you’re not sweating. Go slow. It takes 8 to 10 days to acclimatize to a hot environment. Know when to stop. Heat exhaustion (symptoms: confusion, nausea, vomiting) can lead to heatstroke, which can be deadly.

Downsize – Over packing is the root cause of much hiker misery. Also, scale back on the distance that you plan to travel.

Avoid Falling – Pick up your feet when walking – do not drag your feet, even when you are tired. Make sure your shoe laces stay tied. Wear boots or Trail runners with good traction. Take your time. Stay clear of edges and steep drop offs. Work out – fit joints are sturdy joints. Balance is important so be sure you have good balance.

Staying Clean – Alternative Outdoor Toilet paper

Human waste is one of the top sources of disease. Stay clean even when you’re outdoors.

Even the experienced camper and outdoorsman will forget this crucial item (toilet paper) from time to time. Fortunately though, there are several solutions that can be used as an alternative if it has been accidentally left behind.

Coffee Filters, Napkins, Pages from a phone book, Rags, Towels, Strips of clothing, Socks, Paper bags, Leaves (make sure they are not poisonous), Moss, Corn husks and Finally water can be used.

Removing Splinters

It’s easy to get a splinter out in the wilderness. The most common first thought is “Where are the tweezers?” However, with tweezers, it can be a long process and can sometimes make the splinter go deeper into your skin. Here are a few methods for removing them safely.

Bacon Fat - Cut a pea-sized piece of white fat from a raw strip of bacon and place directly onto the splinter. Secure the bacon fat with a Band-Aid and leave on overnight. The bacon fat should draw out the splinter from your skin.

Hydrogen Peroxide - Submerge the affected area in hydrogen peroxide. Splinter should get drawn out within minutes.

Onion - Tape a fresh onion slice onto the splinter and leave on overnight. The splinter will be drawn close to the surface of your skin and will be easy to remove.

Epsom Salt - Soak the affected area in an Epsom salt bath until the splinter gets drawn out.

Wide Mouth Bottle and Hot Water (Hand) - Fill bottle almost full with hot water. Place hand with splinter over the opening of the bottle so the opening of the bottle is completely covered. Steam and suction caused by your hand should draw out the splinter from your skin.

Clear Nail Polish - Apply clear nail polish over the affected area and let dry. Peel off in the opposite direction of the splinter. The splinter should come right out.

Essential Oils - Add a few drops of lavender or clove essential oil to the affected area. This allows the splintered skin to naturally swell. The splinter should come right out.

Castor Oil - Rub castor oil into the affected area. Cover with Band-Aid and leave on overnight. This softens the skin and the splinter should be easier to remove.

Tomato - Apply a small piece of tomato directly onto the splinter with a Band-Aid and leave on overnight. This should draw the splinter right out.

Hike Safely

Hiking is a great way to hone your bugging out skills. Make safety a top priority.

A few thing to include in your hiking kit – Mirror or CD-Rom (reflects light), Brightly-colored bandana (helps SAR spot you), a Whistle (to call to rescuers), Plastic poncho (shelter & warmth) and some glow sticks (no batteries requires & last for up to 12 hours).

Finding True North Without a Compass –place a stick in the ground and mark the location of the shadow||Wait 10 minutes and mark where the shadow is now||Shadows move west to east, so the first mark indicates west and the 2nd mark indicates east||Stand between them and you can find north.

What to Do When Lost – Stop Walking and stay in one place||Find shelter as nearby as possible||Display bandana and CD\Mirror to attract search & rescue||Drink water and conserve energy while you wait.

Identifying Poisonous Plants

You need to know what plants to avoid, like Poison Ivy, Oak and Sumac. An allergic reaction is the last thing you want to have out in the wild.

Poison Ivy is a common plant on the North American continent, noted for its ability to create an itchy rash on contact with skin. It is an extremely adaptable, persistent type of vegetation and as a result, it can be easy to accidentally become affected. "Leaves of three? Let them be!" or "One, two, three? Don't touch me."

Poison ivy has leaves that grow in groups of three.

Poison ivy leaves are pointed at the tip.

Poison ivy is usually green in the spring and reddish-orange in the fall.

Poison ivy grows as both a vine and as a shrub.

Poison ivy flowers with small clusters of white berries in the spring that last throughout the winter.

Poison Oak, whether it is growing as a shrub or a climbing vine, has a trifoliate leaf structure. This means that the leaves grow in sets of threes off the stem. The edges of the leaves have a wavy or scalloped appearance. As the name suggests, the leaves look a bit like oak leaves. The top side of the leaves are typically a glossy green color. They can also be yellowish, reddish, or brownish depending on the health of the plant and the season. On the underside of the leaf, there is less sheen, less green, and more of a velvety appearance.

Stems tend to be a bit greyish in color, though, given the lighting in some forested areas, this can be difficult to see. The stems will also be covered in tiny hair or thorn-like structures.

Poison oak has yellowish-green small flowers in the spring. The plant will also produce light green berries throughout the summer and into the fall. In the winter, it loses its leaves and looks like reddish-brown sticks (sometimes a few poking up from the ground, sometimes a big clump) with alternating stubs. You can also find it as a thick vine climbing up a tree, sometimes (depending on the season) with small poison oak leaves coming out of it.

Poison Sumac is a plant native to the eastern United States and Canada. Most people develop a painful allergic reaction upon contact with any part of the plant, resulting in a red, itchy rash or blisters.

Poison sumac typically grows into a shrub or tree about 5–20 feet (1.5–6 m) in height, but may occasionally grow even taller. The branches may or may not be covered with leaves along their length, but either way the growth pattern of poison sumac tends to produce a fairly open result, rather than a thick bush of foliage. Large poison sumac trees, like other species of sumac, often grow long, thin branches that sag or tilt downward. Before poison sumac grows into a full sized shrub or tree, it may be relatively upright, with small branches with red stems growing along the entire height of the trunk. In this case, its leaves and branches usually have a noticeable upward tilt, especially near the top of the tree.

Poison sumac has a pinnate leaf structure, meaning that each stem has two parallel rows of leaves growing along its length. Each stem usually has between six and twelve leaves, plus an additional single leaf at the end.Young stems are typically red or red-brown, but this color may fade to brown or grey as the plant ages. The leaves of this plant have an oval or oblong shape, tapering to a wedge or point on each end. The sides of the leaf may appear wavy or smooth, but will not have the jagged "tooth" appearance of some non-poisonous sumac trees.

Poison sumac is deciduous, so the leaves change color throughout the year. Newly grown spring leaves may be bright orange, becoming light green during spring and summer, changing to red during autumn, then falling off the plant entirely.The underside of poison sumac leaves, at any time of year, may be either smooth or hairy, making it a poor way to identify the plant.

Warning: The fallen leaves may still be poisonous to the touch. Never burn leaves or wood collected near a poison sumac tree, as inhaling poison sumac smoke can be dangerous or even fatal.

Getting Around in the Wilderness

In this day and age, with all the smart phones, GPS and other technology we have, knowing how to use a map and compass is becoming a dying art. However, this is a very valuable skill for any survivalist or outdoor enthusiast.

When smart phones and GPS devices fail. Due to dead batteries, they get broken, or get wiped out by an Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP). A map and compass, on the other hand, will never fail you. So long as you know how to use them, these two tools will get you anywhere you need to go.

Learn to use the Compass

The compass might save your life if you get lost. Learn how to use it now.If you’re lost in the woods, a compass can be a lifesaver. With it you can figure out which way you’re going and make sure you stay on course. But only if you know how to use it. Fortunately, using a compass is pretty simple once you learn the basics.

Here’s how to use a basic compass. || Hold the compass flat in the palm of your hand at chest level || Move your body around until the Red end of the needle, usually marked with an “N” lines up with the “N” on the face of the compass, now you know which way is North.|| So long as you keep the red magnetic needle lined up with the “N” on the compass – you will always be able to get your bearings and know how to travel in any direction you wish. Some simple compasses also have a rotating clear bevel on top with a clear Lucite arrow. These are a good idea if you have never used a compass. With such a compass, once you have identified North as above, and you want to travel east for example, turn the Lucite arrow so it lines up over the “E”, and head in that direction. Leave the arrow there as a reminder of the direction you want to move in, and every 100 paces or so, realign the red compass needle to the North, to be sure you are moving in the desired direction.

Stay Hydrated

When SHTF, you may have no other choice but proceed to a bug out location on foot. As you walk, you’re using up your body fluids. One of the most important aspects of hiking is staying hydrated.

If you are walking to a distant place, then carrying water can be a problem. You can only carry so many water bottles efficiently before they actually get in your way. The one thing that you want to prevent from happening is dehydration. Man cannot survive more than 3 days without water.

Learn how to find water, filter it and know how much you need to survive.

Camping Techniques

Camping becomes easier and more fun when you know these tricks.

If you set up a clothesline, use bread bag clips as clothespins||Instead of bags of ice, pre-freeze bottles of water for your cooler. This will keep your food from getting soggy and once they melt you will have fresh, clean drinking water.||To avoid tripping over your guylines at night, wrap a small square of tinfoil around it with part of the foil draping down. This creates a reflective surface and keep you from tripping.||When setting up your fire pit, include a flat, stable rock to set your food on.||Apply a small dab of toothpaste (NOT gel) to a mosquito bite to heal it and keep it from itching.

Building a Fire

Having a fire in the wilderness is a boost to anyone morale – it keeps you warm at night, if lost makes a great signaling device at night, you can cook food and it will keep most animals at bay. Here are some tips for building a fire.

The fire triangle – a fire needs oxygen, heat and fuel to survive. Take one of these away and it will go out. ||The ideal location for a fire is at least 15 feet away from trees, bushes and structures. If camping out make sure you are permitted to have a fire where you are. ||create a protective pit by clearing out a 10 foot diameter area of any grass, twigs, leaves and firewood. Dig a small hole and surround it with rocks. Place some tinder in the center of your pit. Stack your kindling in either a Tipi format, Lean-to, Cross method or a Log Cabin method. These 4 methods all have the same rule put the smaller sized kindling in the center with the largest branches on the outside.|| Light the tinder at the center, adding more tinder at the base to keep it going until the larger kindling catches fire|| Gradually add the larger sticks & logs to make the fire bigger and keep it burning steadily.

Fire safety – be aware of low hanging branches. Place any unused firewood upwind and away from the fire. Keep the fire small and under control. Use very dry wood with bark removed to cut down on smoke. Do not leave your fire unattended or burn dangerous materials or just bury the fire as it may just smolder underneath to later burst back to life. Make sure the fire is totally out before moving on.

Find Dry Wood

When you need a fire the most, conditions are often the worst for it. No matter how much work you put into getting a fire started, using wet wood will leave you cold and frustrated. Even if you do get the fire going it will be inefficient, requiring much more maintenance to keep it going through the night.

Because of the water contained in the wood that is absorbing the heat, preventing the wood from absorbing enough heat to ignite is the reason for this dilemma. As you continue applying heat to the wood, the water turns to vapor, absorbing most of heat in the process. It isn’t until this process is finished that the hydrocarbon gasses start leaving the wood so that they can then catch fire.

Basically to get a fire started it is best to make sure that you start with the driest tinder, kindling, and fuel possible. Here are a few ways to check if the wood is good to burn.

The Snap Method -- This method uses the idea that dry kindling is devoid of a high water content and will snap easily instead of bending.Take your smaller bits of kindling no thicker than your thumb and grasp them at both ends. Pull the ends toward the middle. The kindling should snap in the middle. Look for twigs, sticks and other kindling that snaps cleanly and easily and is an indicator of dry kindling.

The Percussion Method – This method works off the idea that as wood dries out, it’s acoustical properties change.To test the wood just grab two sample pieces of wood at one end and let them dangle, one from each hand. Swing the bottom ends together and listen to the sound at impact. Dry wood will “ring” or “bank” when they hit each other. Wet wood, however, will issue a dull thud on impact.

Cracking the Code – With this method it surmises that as wood pieces dry, the wood fiber shrinks, which causes visible radius cracks to open up on the ends of the wood. Therefore by examining the ends of a sample piece, looking for cracks that radiate from the core to the bark. You want to find big, deep radius cracks which are a good indicator of well-seasoned wood.

However, because the wood can re-absorb water without the cracks closing back up, this is the least reliable method for locating dry wood for your fire.

Bow Drill Fire Tips

Creating a fire is one of the best (and oftentimes worst) test of any survivalist. Using gas and a lighter is one way to do it but in any survival situation how often do you have gasoline just lying around. Sometimes you do not even have a lighter or matches, therefore learning how to create fire by friction is a very useful skill for anyone. It may not be the easiest fire to start, but once mastered it will give you an advantage in the wilderness.

The bow-drill method

First collect some kindling from the surrounding area. Things like small twigs, leaves and pine needles are a good source. Also, collect the larger branches and logs that will keep the fire going for a while once it gets started. Keep these items as dry as possible.

To get your fire started using this method will require you to create friction. Taking two sticks of wood and rubbing them together will create friction, but unless you have the stamina or strength of Superman this will take far to long to light any fire. Just ask Tom Hanks.

One of the better alternatives for starting your friction fire is using the bow-drill method. To make a fire using this method you will need the following items from the surrounding area: –

One 8″ long stick that will become your “drill” – hardwood is preferred. One 24″ long stick that is capable of bending into a the bow One flat stone that is about 3″ round with a small indent or wood with notch in middle. One flat piece of wood approx. 12″ long and 4″ wide. One Length of Para cord or bootlace. Something to make the string for your bow. Tinder such as Maya dust or cotton wool

1. Take the 8″ stick for your drill and sharpen one end to a point like a pencil then round of the other end. 2. Take the 24″ stick for your bow and fix the bootlace/paracord to one end. 3. Twist the bootlace/paracord once around the drill stick, tie the remaining end of bootlace to the other end of bow stick to finish the bow. 4. Next take the flat piece of wood approx. 12″ long and 4″ wide and make a small notch on the side with your knife. The rounded end of the drill will sit onto this notch. 5. Place the flat piece of wood on to level ground and place some of your kindling into and around the notch. 6. Whilst kneeling on one knee hold the wood in position with your other boot. 7. Hold the bow and drill in one hand with rounded end of drill placed into the notch. 8. Place the indented stone onto the pointed end of the drill and apply downward pressure with one hand. 9. Slowly use a sawing motion, moving the bow back and forth allowing the drill to spin and generate friction, which in turn will create heat and then fire. If the drill is not moving freely release downward pressure slightly. 10. You will need to increase speed until the tinder begins to smolder. You may have to carefully blow on the smoldering “ember” to get the flame going.

When you have a flame, you can start to slowly add the dry wood, leaves and foliage. Do not add too much until you are sure your fire is going well. Remember to keep a stock of wood nearby to keep adding to you campfire.

Hide in Plain Sight

Humans are easy to spot in the wild; use camouflage. Camouflage is one of the survival basics, and it can be used in a wide variety of survival situations. Whether you’re hunting, bugging out, or evading an enemy, the right camouflage can keep you concealed and out of sight. The best use for camouflage after a disaster or the aftermath of the unthinkable, apart from helping you escape captors, is for hunting game to be used as food.

A survivalists really can’t go without camouflage, especially in a wilderness survival situation. In many survival situations, it’s important that you go without being noticed, and camouflage is the best way to achieve this. You want to resemble your background, to confuse the human eye, and you want your shelter to blend in as well. Humans instinctively look for and try to identify a face in virtually any situation. This is likely an instinctive reaction that was used thousands of years ago to locate predators in the brush.

You skin will reflect light or shine, and thus must be subdued with mud, “camo” sticks or paint, wood ash, boot polish or charcoal. Oily skin in particular will shine. You want to break up the face, so it is not recognizable as a face as the eyes pass over it.

Camouflage in the context of survival is used to escape from the enemy and avoid confrontation as much as possible. Remember that your goal is to be alive and stay alive.

How to Use a Poncho

There’s more than one way to use a poncho. Its traditional use is to protect from rain and the elements, but that’s far from the only thing you can do with it. Check out its survival uses.

As a tarp to cover your gear||Create a tent - Tie a rope between two trees. Drape the poncho over the rope and tie it down.||Ground Cloth – When you need to get down on the ground to rest, eat or prepare your stuff||A boat sail – Attach the poncho to a pole or sturdy stick and use it as your sail.||A smoke signal device - Put two sticks together into an X and tie the other ends to make a strong structure to control the smoke.||Make a dummy or decoy – to help evade your enemies||a Sleeping tarp – put it over your sleeping bag to keep yourself and the bag from getting wet||To make a stretcher - Attach the poncho to two long sticks and you have a stretcher.||A Water collector - In the dry season, spread it out at night so it collects the moisture.

Cooking Food Off-grid

If the power goes out (grid down) due to some disaster and the electricity is off for a period of time or you are stuck in the outdoors, you will need an alternative method of cooking without electricity. Here are a few options you might consider.

Use a wood fire, a ‘Rocket Stove’ is an efficient way to utilize a controlled burn of fire wood, use a Dutch oven cooker – hang it over the fire or directly in the coals, BBQ – always keep a full fuel tank and possible an extra full tank around, Solar Oven can be an effective alternative during summer months.

Make a Lantern

No matter your level of survival expertise, from newly converted enthusiast to seasoned veteran, improvisation is a must have skill. However, the ability to take what’s available and create something practical and useful, is quickly becoming a lost art. Fortunately, improvisational skills can be learned and thanks to the vastness of today’s resources, it’s never been easier.

Light becomes a necessity when the sun goes down in the wilderness. This how to make an improvised lantern was shown on to me by a good friend of mine a few years ago. So now I will share it with you.

Making a Lantern is an easy project that takes about 15 minutes to complete and can be done with things you may already have on hand.||The supplies that you will need are: Kerosene fuel, Small glass bottle, Small cup or container to pour fuel from, Small funnel, Aluminum can, Cotton t-shirt, and Scissors.

Start by pouring approximately 5oz. (depends on size of bottle you are using) of kerosene fuel into a smaller container. Using the cup and funnel, fill your bottle about 3/4’s full.||Next, take the aluminum soda can and using your scissors, remove the top and bottom portions. You can cut using the part where the flat area meets the tapered portion as a guide. Take the remaining piece and cut it in half. Use caution as the edges may be jagged and sharp. Trim the ends by cutting off only enough to remove any jagged edges.||Cut the rectangular piece of aluminum in half. You will only need one piece for the syrup-sized lantern. This will give you an extra piece to make two, or depending on the size of bottle you use, you may have to use the entire piece of aluminum. This is the approximate size for the syrup-sized lantern, 2.75″ X 2.75″. Once you have this, set it aside for just a moment.||To make the lantern’s wick, cut a section of cotton t-shirt out, approximately 5.5″ X 6″. Now, take your section of t-shirt and roll it up tightly. Place the rolled-up section of t-shirt and place it on the piece of aluminum at one end. The t-shirt should stick out a ¼” on one end. You’ll need to roll it as tightly as possible. When finished, don’t let go as it will unravel. Now grab the bottle you previously set aside and remove the lid.|| Insert the t-shirt “tail” into the bottle and continue to thread it in. Once you get to the aluminum portion, you may have to slightly crimp the ends in order for it to go into the bottle. In some instances, the piece of aluminum may be too thick and you may have to trim some off in order for it to fit in the bottle. While inserting the t-shirt and piece of aluminum, sometimes a twisting motion aids in getting it to go into the bottle. You want the aluminum to fit snugly in the bottle opening while still being able to move up and down.|| When you place the cap back on, simply push the aluminum “wick” down flush with the bottle opening and twist the lid on as usual. Make sure to you check the bottle for any leakage. Fix any leaks that happen as some lids may not seal properly to keep the fuel in the bottle. When you are ready to use it, remove the lid and using your multi-tool pliers, grab the aluminum wick and pull it out about ½”. You will need to pull more t-shirt material up through the aluminum as it burns down. Whenever the t-shirt material no longer reaches the kerosene, just carefully pull the wick out and replace it.

That is how you make an improvised lantern with stuff you have around your house. This handy little lantern will make a fabulous new item for your Bug-out bag or EDC gear or camping equipment for sure! Please remember to be very careful while working with the cut aluminum as the edges & corners will be very sharp and of course the flammable kerosene should not be unsupervised either (little hands are everywhere) and fire!

Tie a Square Knot

When I was in the Boy Scouts I learned how to tie many knots but the most recognized is the Square Knot. It is also sometimes referred to as the reef knot. Square knots are used primarily to join two ropes, cords or lines of similar thickness together.

Square knots are easy to tie and the perfect knot choice for many things and is an easy knot to master so add it to your survival skills list.

Some caution about the Square Knot: It is not your best choice when you have two different thicknesses ropes that you wish to join.||Square Knots slip when you tie them with nylon rope.||Square Knots will slip if it is not under tension.||Square Knots can be dangerous if misused. It should never be used in a critical emergency situation where lives might be at risk, because it is not the most “secure” of knots.

Follow these easy steps : 1. Remember this “right over left, left over right” 2. Take one line in your right hand, and one in your left and lay the right over the left. 3. Pass the right end over the left end and back under the left. 4. Pass the left end over the right end and back under the right. 5. Check the knot (the two loops should slide on each other) 6. Tighten by bulling both strands on each side of the knot. 7. Backup the square knot by making an overhand knot using the working end of each side of your knot. 8. Backing up a knot is important with a knot like the Square Knot, otherwise, it can slip.

If you get it wrong you will get a Granny Knot instead.

Keep Bugs Off

Check the Active Ingredient for any insect repellent that you use. One of the best is DEET, however it does include some risks. <The Environmental Protection Agency judges DEET safe when used as directed, but it has caused rare toxic reactions when misused. Don’t use it on infants less than 2 months old. The American Academy of Pediatrics advises against using repellents with DEET concentrations higher than 30 percent on any children. We think that no one needs a repellent with more than 30 percent DEET>.

Another active ingredient found in some insect repellents is oil of lemon eucalyptus, however It is not recommended for children under 3. While a third ingredient is called Picaridin.

When applying any repellent, follow directions. Use your hands to apply it to your face, avoiding your eyes and mouth, and don’t apply it to cuts. Use just enough to cover exposed skin. Some directions suggest using it on clothes, but most tested repellents damaged leather and vinyl, and some of them stained synthetic fabrics. Wash repellent off your skin and launder treated clothes.

The national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that you avoid products that mix sunscreen with DEET insect repellent. Unlike repellents, sunscreens are meant to be applied liberally and often, so using a combination product could result in unnecessarily high exposure to repellents.

For extra protection:

Wear light-colored, loose clothes and avoid using scented products when outdoors, especially at peak feeding hours—dusk to dawn for most mosquitoes.

Remove standing water near your house. It can be a mosquito breeding ground.

To avoid ticks, tuck pants into socks and wear closed shoes and a hat.

Inspect yourself for ticks after venturing into wooded or grassy areas.

Here are 3 all natural mosquito spray repellent recipes:

#1: What you’ll need: 4 oz spray bottle 2 oz of witch hazel 2oz of distilled water Essential Oil (20-25 drops for ages 3 and up) (40-50 drops for ages 10 and up)

Essential oil combinations safe for ages 3 and up (use just one of these combination at a time): 10 drops of lavender + 10 drops of citronella 8 drops lavender + 5 drops geranium + 7 drops cedarwood 10 drops lemon eucalyptus + 10 drops lavender 5 drops lavender + 5 drops geranium + 2 drops patchouli + 8 drops spearmint 5 drops geranium + 5 drops citronella + 2 drops patchouli + 3 drops lemon eucalyptus + 3 drops lavender + 3 drops spearmint 10 drops citronella + 5 drops lemon eucalyptus + 3 drops patchouli + 3 drops lavender

Essential oil combinations safe for ages 10 and up (use just one of these combination at a time): 10 drops geranium + 15 drops lavender + 5 drops patchouli + 10 drops lemongrass + 10 drops citronella 15 drops lemongrass + 15 drops eucalyptus + 20 drops citronella 20 drops lavender + 20 drops lemongrass + 10 drops peppermint 20 drops rosemary +  20 drops Cedarwood + 10 drops peppermint 15 drops lavender + 10 drops basil + 10 drops rosemary + 15 drops spearmint 15 drops eucalyptus + 20 drops lavender + 15 drops lemongrass

Add all ingredients to the spray bottle; shake well and apply as needed. Shake well before each application. Avoid spraying on your face. If you get any of this repellent on your hands avoid touching your eyes and mouth. Ages under 2, spray on their clothes ONLY.

**This spray also repels flies, gnats, and ticks.

#2: What you’ll need: 16 oz spray bottle ½ teaspoon of vegetable glycerin 14 oz of witch hazel 40 drops of either lavender, lemongrass, citronella, OR tea tree oil

Mix all ingredients in the 16 oz bottle and shake well and apply as needed. Shake well before each application.

#3: What you’ll need: Plastic spray bottle 8 oz of distilled water A pinch of Epsom salt 10-12 drops of peppermint oil 10-12 drops of purification oil

Add all the ingredients to spray bottle and shake well. Spray your skin and clothes generously, avoiding your face.

Drink for Life

You have probably heard the “Rule of 3” before but let me repeat it: you can survive for 3 minutes without air, 3 hours without shelter, 3 days without water, and 3 weeks without food.

Keep in mind that in a stressful disaster, survival, collapse, or SHTF situation, you are going to need to be healthy, alert, and physically able to deal with the toils of the environment and the chaos around you. And for that, you need to be hydrated. Here are a few reasons why it is important, other than the obvious.

Protect Your Immune System: The lack of water can dry out the mucous membranes of your lungs, stomach, intestines, and sinus passages. This causes you to lose your resistance to disease since only when you are fully hydrated can these barriers protect your body against bacteria, viruses, and pollutants.

Lose or Maintain a Healthy Weight: By drinking water you quench your appetite so you eat less. Along with having a well-hydrated body increases the level of oxygen in the bloodstream, which translates into an increased ability to burn fat as fuel.

Prevent Headaches: Whatever the type, a headache is no fun and a severe headache, such as a migraine, can be debilitating for hours if not days. Drinking plenty of water can mitigate these headaches by increasing fluids and electrolytes in your body.

Prevent Indigestion and Constipation: Your digestive track uses water to assist in keeping things moving. Therefore, drinking water helps keeps the solid waste moving through and you stay regular.

Relieve Fatigue: Fatigue is a result of dehydration which causes a decrease in mental concentration and physical coordination. Dehydration forces your body to work harder simply to perform its most basic functions, killing energy and leaving you exhausted. Get an instant energy boost by drinking water.

Energize the Muscles for Better Exercise: Muscle fatigue can be the result of your cells not maintaining their balance of fluids and electrolytes which cause them to shrivel up. When muscle cells don’t have adequate fluids, they don’t work as well and performance can suffer. To stay fit, keep your workouts at their peak efficiency by staying well hydrated – drink plenty of water.

Note: the guidelines from the American College of Sports Medicine recommends that people start drinking fluids about two hours before exercise. They recommend that while exercising people start drinking fluids early, and drink them at regular intervals to replace fluids lost by sweating.

Healthy Looking Skin: This may be a unique thought but your skin is an organ, and like any other part of your body it is made up of cells which are made up of water. Your skin will react to lack of hydration by turning dry, tight and flaky. Dry skin has less resilience and is more prone to wrinkling. No matter how much cream, ointment, or salves you apply will improve your skin, if you do not keep your body adequately supplied with water.

A Positive Outlook: According to the Mayo Clinic, even mild levels of dehydration can hinder your emotional state. Although drinking water is not known to directly cause positive moods, it can give you a lift by preventing lethargy. You will feel good and that in itself will make you happy.

The most obvious clues that you are dehydrated are thirst and dry mouth. Besides headache, fatigue, sallow and dry skin, constipation and other woes, the color of urine can be a clear indication of your hydration levels. The darker the yellow, the greater the level of dehydration.

Here is a list of the symptoms of dehydration:

Little or no urine, or urine that is darker than usual, especially if it is almost orange Dry mouth Sleepiness or fatigue Extreme thirst Headache Confusion Feeling dizzy or lightheaded No tears when crying

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, grab some water fast. Better yet, since your electrolytes most likely are also low, add a quarter to a half a teaspoon of sea salt to your glass of water and you will feel a lot better sooner.

How Much Drinking Water Do You Need? The answer is to store 1 gallons of water per person per day. Okay, but how much does your body really need? Use this formula as a general guideline -- Take your body weight in pounds, divide in half, and that is, in ounces, the amount of water you need to consume daily for normal activity. However, if you are more active like maybe fighting off bad guys, chopping wood for your fire or otherwise exerting yourself in a survival situation, the amount will be more.

What will you do for wellness and medicine when that total collapse of society happens? Or you just are tired of all the side effects of most pharmaceutical drugs? With the collapse you will find that the corner drugstore and pharmacy will be gone. Which means that you will no longer be able to get the medicines that you have come to rely on for every ailment that occurs with life. You may have stocked some of these medicines in your survival pantry, but will it be enough? It is a good thing that there are some plants in nature that will help you carry on.

Another reason to go natural is the cost effectiveness of growing your own medicine and wellness plants. Plus your body will, in most cases, accept these natural remedies far easier than the pharmaceutical alternatives.

With all that is going on in the world today, being prepared for disasters, whether natural or not, has become imperative and being able to grow some plants that will help ease the bumps and bruises of daily life as well as plants that have been known to fight infections, is a God send.

Here are a few vital medicinal herbs to have as part of your medical arsenal.

Lemon Balm

Lemon balm, a member of the mint family, is considered a calming herb. It was used as far back as the Middle Ages to reduce stress and anxiety, promote sleep, improve appetite, and ease pain and discomfort from indigestion (including gas and bloating, as well as colic).  Lemon balm can be taken as a tea or as a supplement. The reason this plant is called lemon balm is because of the lemon minty scent of the leaves.

Native to Europe, lemon balm is grown all over the world. It is grown not only in herb gardens or to attract bees, but also in crops for medicine, cosmetics, and furniture polish manufacturing. The plant grows up to 2 feet high, sometimes higher if not maintained.

Lemon balm is loaded with antioxidants that keep your cells safe from free radical damage. Based on the research so far, lemon balm appears to have a positive influence on blood sugar. Beyond the positive effect on memory, thinking, and calmness, research suggests lemon balm protects the physical brain from damage.

The flowers, which appear during the summer, are full of nectar.

The crushed leaves can be used as a typical for: Mosquito repellent, Herpes, Sores, Gout and Insect bites.

Infusion of the leaves with water are known to treat: Colds, Fevers, Indigestion due to nervous tension, Digestive upsets in children, Hyperthyroidism, Depression, Mild insomnia and Headaches.

Aloe Vera

Sometimes referred to as the “burn plant,” “lily of the desert” or the “wonder plant,” aloe vera likely originated in the Sudan. Aloe vera is part of the succulent family, a type of plant with shallow and intricate root systems that allow for quick water absorption. Succulents can store water for an extended period of time making them an easy-to-maintain plant. Aloe Vera is a pretty common houseplant, however if you live in a warm climate it grows great outdoors. For best results keep it in a highly sunny area with dry or moist soil.

Aloe vera includes several necessary vitamins: A, C, E, B1, B2, B3, B6 and B12. Vitamins A, C and E are antioxidants and help fend off free radicals which can contribute to cancer, heart disease and other illnesses.

Aloe Vera is not high on the tasty charts, but it is still edible and you can extract the juice to drink.

The sap from Aloe Vera is extremely useful in speeding up the healing process. It reduces the risk of infections and can be used to treat: Wounds, Cuts, Burns, Eczema and Reducing inflammation.

Taken internally in the treatment of: Ulcerative colitis (drinking aloe vera juice), Chronic constipation, Poor appetite and Digestive problems.

Great Yellow Gentian

The tough fibrous roots were once used herbally for putative alimentary cures, and the name gentian derives from Gentius, king of ancient Illyria around 180 BC and alleged discoverer of the plant’s medicinal value.

Yellow gentian is the mother of all bitter tonics, used to stimulate the digestive tract into vibrant action and the body to renewed vigor. Indigenous to the mountainous parts of Middle and Southern Europe and is found growing in the Pyrenees, the Islands of Sardinia and Corsica, the Alps, and elsewhere. Gentian is mentioned by both Pliny and Dioscorides and is one of the oldest European digestive tonics.

The great yellow gentian root is a bitter herb used to treat digestive disorders and fatigue from chronic diseases. It stimulates the Liver, Gallbladder and Digestive system.

Internally, it is taken to treat: Exhaustion, Debility, Gout, Tuberculosis, Systemic tuberculosis, intermittent fevers, Malaria, Chronic malaria, Splenic enlargement associated with malaria, Exhausting illnesses of malarial origin, Diseases of phlegmatic or torpid nature, In the decline associated with protracted fevers where recovery depends upon the patient taking in food, Enfeeblement caused by protracted illness, Dyspepsia, Diarrhea, Worms, Irritable conditions of the stomach, Atony of the stomach and the bowels, With feeble slow digestion, chronic and atonic digestive diseases, Liver complaints, Indigestion, Gastric infections, Anorexia and Used to augment vitality in the young, the old, and the ill.

Marsh Mallow

Marsh Mallow is a tall pink-flowered plant that typically grows in brackish marshes. This is also the plant that its roots were once used to make marshmallows. It was originally used medicinally by the Egyptians. Its usage was later adopted by the French. Today, it has a wide variety of medicinal uses. It has a soothing effect on inflamed membranes in the mouth and throat when ingested orally, specifically to treat a sore throat. The antitussive properties help reduce dry coughing and prevent further irritation.

Unlike Aloe Vera, the leaves are very edible and have a pleasant taste.

The root of the plant can be taken internally to treat: Inflammation and irritation of the urinary tract and respiratory mucus membranes, Counter excess stomach acid, Peptic ulceration, Gastritis and Crohn’s.

For external application the root is applied to: Bruises, Sprains, Aching muscles, Insect bites, Skin inflammations such as eczema & contact dermatitis and Splinters.

Burdock Root

Burdock root has been used for thousands of years in Asia & Europe and more recently in North America. Burdock root is a slender, brown-skinned root vegetable that typically grows to be more than two feet in length. It consists primarily of carbohydrates, volatile oils, plant sterols, tannins and fatty oils.

It is eaten like a vegetable in Japan and the young leaves can also be consumed once cooked. The burdock fruit has been used continually for thousands of years in Chinese medicine. It’s typically associated with the lung and stomach meridians, is known to cool internal heat, and is commonly used for supporting skin health. In European folk medicine, an infusion of the seeds was often employed as a diuretic, enhancing health by supporting the processes of digestion and elimination.

This plant requires moist soil and can grow without much or any shade.

The great burdock is well known in detoxification in both Chinese and Western herbal medicine.

Used traditionally as a “blood purifier”, also diuretic. Used to treat: Defends against Diabetes, Boils, Fight Tonsillitis, Rashes, Liver & kidney ailments, Psoriasis, Helps treat an enlarged Spleen, Burns, Combats Cancer, Bruises, Gout, Herpes, Eczema, Acne, Improves arthritis, Impetigo, Ringworm and Insect bites.

The leaves and seeds can be crushed and applied to Bruises, Burns, Ulcers and Sores.

Gotu Kola

Gotu kola is a perennial plant native to India, Japan, China, Indonesia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and the South Pacific. A member of the parsley family, it has no taste or smell. It thrives in and around water. It has small fan-shaped green leaves with white or light purple-to-pink flowers, and small oval fruit. The leaves and stems of the gotu kola plant are used as medicine.

The gotu kola acts in various phases of connective tissue development and stimulates healing of: Ulcers, Skin injuries, Decreases capillary fragility, Stimulation of the lipids and protein, Necessary for healthy skin, Varicose veins and preventing scars after surgery.

The leaves of this plant are thought to hold the secret to the Fountain of Youth.

Crushed the leaves to treat open sores.

The gotu kola can also be used to: Treat leprosy, Revitalize the brain and nervous system, Increase attention span and concentration and Treat venous insufficiency.

Camomile

Chamomile is one of the most ancient medicinal herbs known to mankind. A composite plant, Chamaemelium nobile (or Anthemis nobilis), native to the Old World, having strongly scented foliage and white ray flowers with yellow centers.

With its sweet, crisp, fruity and herbaceous fragrance, this plant has long been used medicinally as a remedy for problems regarding the digestive system.

It has a soothing and calming effect in the area of aromatherapy and can be used to end stress and aid in sleep.

The dried flowers of chamomile contain many terpenoids and flavonoids contributing to its medicinal properties. Chamomile preparations are commonly used for many human ailments such as Hay fever, Inflammation, Muscle spasms, Menstrual disorders, Insomnia, Ulcers, Wounds, Gastrointestinal disorders, Rheumatic pain, and Hemorrhoids.

The entire herb is used to treat common aches like Toothache, Earache, Shoulder pain and Neuralgia.

Pot Marigold

The name Pot Marigold actually came from the fact that the flowers are edible and was called a “pot herb” because it was tossed into the stew or vegetable pot. This plant is best planted in a sunny site in your yard or garden. They enjoy loamy soil, but aren’t particularly fussy and are able to grow in almost any type of soil. It can tolerate nutritionally poor, very acidic or very alkaline soils, so long as it’s in moist conditions.

It can be used as an antiseptic, cleanser, skin healer (including mild burns as well as sunburn), and detoxifier. It also has antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Well known as a remedy for skin problems, the deep-orange flowered pot marigold variety is applied externally to: Bites, Stings, Sprains, Wounds, Sore eyes and Varicose veins.

If used internally it treat Fevers and Chronic infections.

The tea made of the petals, improves circulation and if taken regularly, eases varicose veins.

Applying the crushed stems of the pot marigold to corns and warts aid in their removal.

Globe Artichoke

Native to the Mediterranean area, artichokes have been cultivated and used in Greece for thousands of years. A bitter tasting plant that requires a lot of sun, the cardoon has become important as a medicinal herb in recent years. They are very high in a certain antioxidant known as phytonutrients in the form of cynarin and silymarin. It also needs good soil, regular water and fertilizer to grow well.

The cardoon leaves are best harvested before flowering, helps treat: Loss of appetite, Indigestion, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, constipation, flatulence, Improve liver and gallbladder function, Gallstones, Treat chronic liver and gall bladder diseases, Stimulate the secretion of digestive juices, Lower blood cholesterol levels, Jaundice, Irritable bowel syndrome, Hepatitis, Arteriosclerosis, Early stages of late-onset diabetes and urinary stones.

Chinese Yam

This type of yam that can be eaten raw and can be easily grown, succeeding in fertile, well-drained soil in a sunny area. Chinese yam is a root that is used in traditional Chinese medicine and is native to China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, where it can be found growing wild on hill slopes and in valleys.

It is sweet tasting and soothing to the stomach, spleen and has a tonic effect on the Lungs and Kidneys.

The leaf is used to treat Snakebites and Scorpion stings.

It is used internally to treat: Tiredness, Weight loss, Loss of appetite, Decreased digestion, Chronic diarrhea, Asthma, Dry coughs, Frequent urination, Emotional instability, Leukorrhagia (excessive vaginal discharge), premature ejaculation, the symptoms associated with diabetes, and chronic wheezing (whistling sound caused by breathing difficulty).

Externally, it is applied to: Ulcers, Boils and Abscesses.

Echinacea

Echinacea grows in any well drained soil, as long as it gets sunlight. Used as a traditional herbal remedy for more than 400 years by the Great Plains Indian tribes or North America.

Technically classified as an herb, several species of the Echinacea plant are used to make medicine from its flowers, leaves and roots. Considered one of the world’s most important medicinal herbs. By making a tea of the flowers, Echinacea can stimulate the immune system. It also has antibiotic properties that helps relieve Allergies and the Common Cold. The roots are beneficial in the treatment of Sores, Wounds and Burns by making a paste.

Alleviates pain from Headaches, HSV (herpes), Gonorrhea, Measles, Sore throat, Stomach Ache, Tonsillitis and Toothache.

It was once used by Native Americans as a treatment for Insect bites, Stings and Snakebites.

Siberian Ginseng

Siberian ginseng or Eleuthero has been used in China for 2000 years as a folk remedy and has a wide range of health benefits, mostly as a powerful tonic herb that maintains good health.

Its medicinal properties are used for: Bronchitis, Heart ailments, Rheumatism, Menopausal problems, Geriatric debility, Physical and mental stress, Treat bone marrow suppression caused by chemotherapy or radiation, Angina, Hypercholesterolemia & neurasthenia with headache, Insomnia, Poor appetite, Respiratory tract infections, Increasing stamina & endurance, Memory improvement, Anti-inflammatory purposes, Immunogenic purposes, Chemo protective purposes and Radiological protection.

Sea Buckthorn

Sea Buckthorn is a super fruit with Antioxidants, full of all the Omegas – 3, 6, 9 and the rare 7, plus other healing nutrients. Used to heal psoriasis and make skin glow, boost immunity, slow aging, and lower cholesterol. It is also a superior source of vitamins and minerals we all need.

The sea-buckthorn has been utilized throughout the centuries in China to Relieve cough, Aid digestion, Invigorate blood circulation and Alleviate pain.

The fruit grows primarily high in the Himalayan Mountains (Spiti Valley), which makes it particularly hearty. It is even called “Holy Fruit” among the locals there. The branches and leaves are used in Mongolia to treat Gastrointestinal distress in humans and animals.

The bark and leaves are used for treating Diarrhea, Gastrointestinal, Dermatological disorders and Topical compression for rheumatoid arthritis.

With this versatile plant, even the flowers are used as a Skin moisturizer.

The berries are used together with other medications for Pulmonary, Gastrointestinal, Cardiac, Blood and metabolic disorders.

Fresh sea buckthorn berry juice is known to be taken for: Colds, Fever, Exhaustion, Stomach ulcers, Cancer, Metabolic disorders, Liver diseases, Inflammation, Peptic ulcer, Gastritis, Eczema, Canker sores, General ulcerative disorders, Keratitis and Trachoma.

Tea Tree

Tea tree, also known as melaleuca, is well-known for its powerful antiseptic properties and ability to treat wounds. Aborigines have long been using the tea tree leaves for medicinal purposes, like chewing on young leaves to relieve headaches.

The paperbark itself is extremely useful to them as it serves to line a coolamon (a basinlike dish made by Australian Aborigines) when used as cradles, as a bandage, as a sleeping mat, as material for building humpies (any crude Aborigine hut or shelter), as an aluminum foil, as a disposable rain coat and for tamping holes in canoes.

The leaves and twigs can be made into tea tree oil, which possesses anti-fungal, antibacterial, antiseptic properties.

Tea tree oil can be used to treat: Bacterial infections, Cystitis, Glandular fever, Chickenpox, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Dry cuticles, Thrush, Vaginal infections, Acne, Earaches, Athlete’s foot, Verrucae, Warts, Insect bites, Cold sores, Head lice, Nits, Minor burns and Congestion & Respiratory tract infections.

Peppermint

The ancients certainly were aware of the mint family's medicinal value, having been used as herbal medicines in ancient Egypt, Greek and Rome thousands of years ago. Dried peppermint leaves have even been found in several Egyptian pyramids carbon dating back to 1,000 BC.

Modern scientific investigations today are revealing an abundance of potential health benefits of the peppermint plant, including aroma therapeutic, topical and internal applications.

Peppermint is naturally high in manganese, vitamin A and vitamin C.

Crushed leaves rubbed on the skin help soothe and relax the muscles.

Infused peppermint leaves are used to treat: Irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, Colonic spasm, Against upset stomachs, Gastric disorders, Respiratory Benefits, Inhibit bacterial growth, Treat fevers, Flatulence, Breast feeding associated nipple pain & damage, Tuberculosis, Hay Fever, Shingles-associated pain, memory problems, Prostate cancer, Radiation damage and Headaches.

Ginseng

In the eastern and central US and Canada, American ginseng is found in rich, cool woods. Asian ginseng is cultivated in Korea and China. For more than 2,000 years, various forms of ginseng have been used in medicine. As one of the most highly regarded medicines in the Orient, ginseng earned its reputation for its ability to promote health, general body vigor and prolong life. Ginseng root's man-shaped figure (shen-seng means “man-root”) led proponents of the doctrine of signatures, an ancient philosophy, to believe that the root could strengthen any part of the body.

The roots are used to treat: Hardening of the arteries, Stimulate and relax the nervous system, Anticancer, Encourage secretion of hormones, Improve stamina, Lower blood sugar levels, Lower cholesterol levels, Increase resistance to disease, Cardiovascular, Treat debility associated with old age, Treat lack of appetite, Insomnia and Colitis.

Turkey Rhubarb

Turkey Rhubarb, also known as the Himalayan rhubarb or Chinese rhubarb, is an herb whose root has some really powerful medicinal properties. It has been an integral part of ancient Chinese folk medicine since before recorded history. The roots of the plant contains certain potent biochemical compounds that could alleviate many health conditions.

Widely known mainly for its positive and balancing effect upon the digestive system. It also has some blood clotting properties that could help in promoting clotting and preventing excess bleeding during menopause.

It is gentle enough to use in the treatment of children.

The roots act as an astringent tonic to the digestive system while larger doses are used as laxatives.

It is also known to treat: Cancer, Chronic constipation, Colon cleanser, Diarrhea, Gastrointestinal problems, Liver and gallbladder complaints, Burns, Hemorrhoids, Fevers, Menopause symptoms, Menstrual problems, Hypertension, Skin eruptions due to accumulation of toxin, Peptic ulcers and High cholesterol.

Evening Primrose

Evening Primrose was formerly cultivated for its nutritious edible roots, it is being increasingly cultivated for the oil contained in its seeds which contains Certain, the essential gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Evening Primrose is a North American native biennial plant. The plants are very tall, often 4 to 5 feet or more in height.

GLA is an essential fatty acid that the body does not manufacture. It is known to help prevent hardening of the arteries, heart disease, eczema, cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis, menopause, PMS, multiple sclerosis, and high blood pressure. GLA has a positive effect on sex hormone response including the hormones Estrogen and Testosterone, aids in lowering cholesterol levels, and is important in treating Cirrhosis of the liver.

Research also demonstrates that Evening Primrose oil helps relieve pain and inflammation. The oil also has a positive effect on the uterine muscles, nervous system and metabolism.

The bark and the leaves are astringent and sedative. They have proved of use in the treatment of Gastro-intestinal disorders, Whooping cough and Asthma.

A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of Obesity and bowel pains.

A finely ground powder made from the flowering stems is used cosmetically in face-masks to counteract reddened skin.

The young roots can be eaten like a vegetable, or the shoots can be eaten as a salad.

Poulticed roots of the evening primrose is applied to piles and bruises.

However, the more valuable parts are the leaves and bark, which are made into evening primrose oil, which is known to treat: ADHD, Multiple Sclerosis, Premenstrual tension, Osteoporosis, Hyperactivity, Eczema, Whooping cough, Acne, Cancer, Brittle nails, High cholesterol, Heart disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Alcohol-related liver damage and Psoriasis.

Sage

Sage is a shrubby perennial herb of the mint family (along with oregano, lavender, rosemary, thyme and basil) native to the Mediterranean. There are over 500 varieties of sage, and most are medicinally useful. The sage plant has gray-green edible leaves and flowers that can range in color from blue and purple to white or pink.

Salvia, the Latin name for sage, means ‘to heal’. Ancient Egyptians used it as a fertility drug. The Greek physician Dioscorides reported that sage was used to stop bleeding of wounds and cleaned ulcers and sores. As well as using sage juice in warm water for hoarseness and coughs. Externally used by herbalists to treat sprains, swelling, ulcers, and bleeding. Use a tea of sage to treat sore throats and coughs. It was particularly noted for strengthening the nervous system, improving memory, and sharpening the senses.

A very important herb to the Native Americans was Sage, which was said to not only heal multiple problems of the stomach, colon, kidneys, liver, lungs, skin, and more. It was also believed to protect against bad spirits and to draw them out of the body or the soul.

Another use of sage is to help keep mosquitoes away by burning it at the edge of a campfire or using it in a torch.

Internally sage can be used for: Gastritis, Diarrhea, Indigestion, Loss of appetite, Flatulence, Liver complaints, Excessive lactation, Excessive perspiration, Heartburn, Excessive salivation, Anxiety, Depression, Female sterility, Menopausal problems and Bloating.

Externally it can treat: Cold sores, Insect bites, Skin infections, Throat infections, Mouth infections, Gingivitis, Skin infections, Vaginal discharge and Swollen nasal passages.

Wu Wei Zi

Wu Wei Zi, aka Schizandrae, Schisandra also spelled schizandra, reveals the qualities of this amazing herb. In the Chinese language, Wu Wei Zi means "Five Taste Fruit." When consumed, you can literally taste all five flavors at once (sour, bitter, sweet, spicy and salty). Wu Wei Zi is the berry of a climbing vine native to northeast China and parts of Russia.

Low doses of this fruit are said to stimulate the central nervous system whilst large doses depress the central nervous system.

As an adaptogen, Wu Wei Zi is a potent general tonic, decreasing fatigue, enhancing physical performance, and promoting endurance. The berry counters stress by reducing the levels of stress hormones in the blood.

It can protect the body from damage due to extreme or chronic stress. In particular, it can protect the liver and adrenals and prevent atrophy due to extreme stress.

It is also beneficial in regulating the cardiovascular system.

The seed is also used in the treatment of Cancer.

Externally, it is used to treat irritations and allergic skin conditions/reactions.

Taken internally it will treat: Lowers blood pressure, Dry coughs, Asthma, Night sweats, PMS, Urinary disorders, Involuntary ejaculation, Chronic diarrhea, Nerve pain, Palpitations, Insomnia, Poor memory, Hyperacidity, Hepatitis and Diabetes.

Milk Thistle

Milk Thistle is a native to Europe and was brought to North America by early colonists. It now can be found throughout the eastern United States, California, and South America. The plant grows up to 6 feet high and has large, bright purple flowers.

Milk thistle has been used for 2,000 years as an herbal remedy for a variety of ailments, particularly liver, kidney, and gall bladder problems. Several scientific studies suggest that substances in milk thistle (especially a flavonoid called silymarin) protect the liver from toxins and silymarin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It may help the liver repair itself by growing new cells.

Taken internally, Milk Thistle helps to treat: Diseases of the spleen, Prostate cancer, Inflammation in the lungs and chest, Malaria, Depression, Uterine complaints, Allergy symptoms, Liver and gall bladder diseases, Jaundice, Hepatitis (liver inflammation), Poisoning from mushrooms, High cholesterol levels, Insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes who also have cirrhosis; The growth of cancer cells in breast & cervical; The effects of a hangover and Alzheimer’s Disease.

Garlic

Garlic is an herb that is grown around the world. It is thought that garlic is native to Siberia, but spread to other parts of the world over 5000 years ago. Garlic was used at the beginning of recorded history and was found in Egyptian pyramids and ancient Greek temples. There are Biblical references to garlic. Ancient medical texts from Egypt, Greece, Rome, China and India each prescribed medical applications for garlic.

In the past, garlic has been utilized as a remedy during the various epidemics such as typhus, dysentery, cholera, influenza, and whenever an epidemic has emerged, garlic has been the first preventive and curative remedy.

Garlic appears to have some benefits for bone health by increasing estrogen levels in women.

Garlic contains antioxidants that protect against cell damage and ageing. It may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Research shows that anti-inflammatory compounds in garlic can also benefit our musculoskeletal system and respiratory system.

Can be used to treat: Cancer, as a detoxifier, Boost the immune system, Infections, Heart health, Toothache, High blood pressure, Improve cholesterol levels, Repel mosquitoes, Warts, Earache, Coughs, Sore throat and Stuffy nose or nasal congestion.

Comfrey

Comfrey is a tall, rough-leaved plant found growing in waste places and old fields. It can become a nuisance since it reproduces rapidly—even from just a tiny bit of root. Well known and widely used by early Greeks and Romans, its very name, symphytum, from the Greek syumphuo means "to make grow together", referring to its traditional use of healing fractures. Comfrey relieves pain and inflammation caused by injuries and degeneration. Comfrey contains Allantoin, a cell proliferant that speeds up the natural replacement of body cells. Both leaves and root are used medicinally, with the root being a bit more potent and mucilaginous (relating to, or secreting mucilage - any of various gummy secretions or gelatinous substances present in plants) than the leaves.

It is reputed to have teeth and bone building properties in children.

Safer to use externally than internally, comfrey is used to treat a wide variety of ailments ranging from: Sore throats, Bronchial problems, Broken bones, Sprains, Arthritis, Gastric & varicose ulcers, Severe burns, Cough, Acne, Cuts, Bruises, Sprains, Sores, Eczema, Varicose veins and Diabetic sores.

Feverfew

Feverfew is native to southeastern Europe. It is now widespread throughout Europe, in North America it grows along roadsides, fields, waste areas, and along the borders of woods from eastern Canada to Maryland and westward to Missouri, and is found in Australia as well. It is a short, bushy perennial herb, a member of the daisy family. Its yellow-green leaves and yellow flowers resemble those of chamomile, for which it sometimes is confused.

A tea made from the whole plant is used in the treatment of Arthritis, Colds & Fevers.

Uses to treat: Migraine headaches, Rheumatoid arthritis, Dermatitis, Fevers, Muscle tension and pain, Lower blood pressure, Lessen stomach irritation, Stimulate the appetite, Improve digestion & kidney function, Colitis, Dizziness, Tinnitus and Menstrual problems.

Fenugreek

Fenugreek is an annual herb with light green leaves and small white flowers. It’s of the pea family and also known as Greek hay. The fenugreek plant stands erect at two to three feet tall, and the seed pods contain 10–20 small, flat, yellow-brown, pungent and aromatic seeds.

As recent research shows, fenugreek helps reduce both internal and external inflammation, in addition to improving your sex life and reproductive function, as well as enhance nutrition for babies!

Fenugreek seeds are high in nutritional value and can be taken for: Constipation, Upset stomach, Encourage weight gain, Mouth ulcers, Boils, Bronchitis, Inhibit cancer of the liver, Lower blood cholesterol levels, Treat inflammation & ulcers of the stomach & intestines, Drain off sweat ducts, For bodybuilding, Cancer, Chronic coughs, For late onset diabetes, Poor digestion, Kidney ailments, Insufficient lactation, Painful menstruation, Labor pains, Gout, Freshen bad breath, Restore a dull sense of taste, Leg ulcers, Eczema and Sciatica.

Slippery Elm

The Slippery elm is a tree native to North America. It is a deciduous tree (meaning it sheds it leaves seasonally) that can grow up to about 65 feet in height and 20 inches in diameter. It grows mostly in the Appalachian Mountains and the damp forests of eastern North America and southeastern Canada.

The inner bark (not the whole bark) is used as medicine by grinding it into nutrient-rich porridge-like soup that serves as an excellent remedy for sore throats. Native Americans used Slippery Elm to create balms or salves to heal Wounds, Burns, Ulcers, Psoriasis and other skin conditions.

Slippery elm is also taken by mouth to cause an abortion.

Used to treat: Coughs, Sore throat, Colic, Diarrhea, Constipation, Hemorrhoids, IBS (Irritable bowel syndrome), Bladder & urinary tract infections, Syphilis, Herpes, Expelling tapeworms, Protecting against stomach & duodenal ulcers, Colitis, Diverticulitis, GI inflammation, and too much stomach acid.

Applied to the skin for: Gout, Rheumatism, Cold sores, Boils, Abscesses, Ulcers, Toothaches and as a lubricant to ease labor.

Stinging Nettle

Originally from the colder regions of northern Europe and Asia, this herbaceous shrub grows all over the world today. Stinging nettle grows well in nitrogen-rich soil, blooms between June and September, and usually reaches 2 to 4 feet in height.

The entire plant is covered with tiny stiff hairs, mostly on the underside of the leaves and stem, which release stinging chemicals when touched.

Long known as a nutritious addition to the diet and as a herbal remedy, the stinging nettle leaves have been traditionally used to: BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), Cleanse the blood, Hay fever, Arthritis, Anemia, Excessive menstruation, Hemorrhoids, Urinary tract infection, Rheumatism, Eczema, Nettle rash, Gout, Chicken pox, Bruises, Burns, Insect bites, Tendonitis and Painful muscles & joints.

Hope that you find this useful.

Thank you and God bless.

When the Fecal Matter Hits the Fan (SHTF) and you find yourself stranded with no help in sight or wake up to a disaster, make sure you have these survival items close at hand. The best solution is a backpack, duffle bag or fanny pack. These “bags” come by many names – Bug-Out Bag (BOB), Everyday Carry kit (EDC), Get Home Bag, 72-Hour kit, Grab Bag, Get Out Of Dodge bag (GOOD bag), I’m Never Coming Home (INCHbag) or Personal Emergency Relocation Kit (PERK), just to name a few.

This article is about preparing to survive an emergency whether it is natural or manmade. These item are must haves or critical to your survival. Without them you may not survive. Because of the limited space in your bag and how much you can physically carry, will ultimately determine what items you include. Therefore, you will need to compromise to make it work for you.

These survival items are ranked in order of priority, which may change from time to time due to environment, season or weather.

Proper Clothing

Prepare for the worst conditions you can imagine. Even just a knit cap and rain Jacket can make the difference. When dressing for cold weather, think loose, layered clothing, wear wool or synthetic underwear as your base layer (next to skin), wear fleece/pile or wool as your insulation layer and wear a good quality outer or shell layer to shield you from wind, rain and snow. Do not wear cotton in wet or cold conditions.

Fire Making Gear

Without fire you have no heat and no hot food. It also keeps most animals at bay. Therefore, make sure that you have several types of fire starters. Waterproof matches or at least in a waterproof container. A Ferro Rod or Firestarter for the 2nd Item, have it on a lanyard to carry around your neck. A great 3rd fire starting device is of course a lighter. Finally, always include a tinder bundle to help get the fire started – things like dryer lint, cedar shavings, cotton balls coated in Vaseline, cattails or birch bark shavings.

Survival Knife

A well-made fixed-blade knife is vital for making shelters, obtaining firewood, cutting rope, Batoning (splitting wood) and skinning game. A high-quality carbon steel blade is crucial for your survival knife. Remember, you are not Rambo, you will not be attacking enemy soldiers, what you need is a reliable survival tool and a good survival knife is vital to your survival. Some recommended feature are 1095 carbon steel, plain blade (no serration) between 4 – 7 inches with the overall length around 11 inches, full tang, drop point blade, a “belly” or curved blade, flat grind and a solid handle that feels good in your hand. For an added feature a blunt end for hammering is also useful.

Whistle

If you are caught in a natural disaster and you end up trapped under a fallen building or you are caught inside the house without any hope of getting out or just lost in the woods/mountains, an emergency whistle can be your last chance. Rescue teams can’t hear your voice over all the noise made by rescue machines and general chaos but the sharp sound of a whistle is easier to perceive. By following the sound of your whistle your friends or a rescue team will be able to find you in time. Three short whistle blasts is internationally recognized as a distress signal so make sure to remember that when in need of help.

First Aid Kit

Whether you are camping in the wilderness, going for a walk, driving to work, or simply surviving a catastrophic doomsday scenario – having a functional medical kit is positively essential for any survival situation. Keeping an organized medical kit is equally as important as any of the contents. In a medical pinch, time is of the essence. Be sure to systematically check for expired medicine. Occasionally, container seals fail, and leakage amongst your supplies is bad. It helps to unpack and repack your entire kit once every few months to take stock and replace whatever is necessary.

Signal Mirror

The signal mirror is one of the best day time emergency signaling devices available. Having a high quality glass mirror is a necessity for any emergency survival kit. But a polished metal one will also work. I would keep it in your first aid kit to shelter it from damage.

Compass

A compass might not be the easiest tool to use but since ancient times it has definitely been the most reliable. A compass shows you directions (North, South, East and West), bearings and other measurements important for navigation. You can also do triangulation with it to determine your location and so a compass can be a very powerful tool together with an appropriate map. As an essential aid in navigation, a quality liquid-filled sighting compass with luminous points, a declination scale, possibly a magnifier, a ruler, large bezel – for use with gloves, and possibly a mirror. Once such compass is the Silva Ranger 515 Compass.

Cord or Rope

Carry, at least, 2 sections of good quality 550 paracord or nylon cord at least 9 feet (3m) long. However, if you have room for more, then by all means carry as much as you can. You can never have too much.

Cooking Pot

If you spent any time in the military, you are familiar with the GI 1 quart canteen cup. Its versatility is great and using it for cooking a meal can be a lifesaver. Add to it the GI canteen or even one of those wide mouthed metal water bottles will give you so much use in your survival kitchen.

Bow Saw

As a substitute for that “heavy” axe, the lighter bow saw is awesome and will make any survival situation easier. A metal-framed bow saw is lighter, easier to use, and takes a bit less energy to cut that an axe. Just as a safety issue, it will not bounce off the wood and stick in your leg.

Shelter

This is a primal survival need, to have shelter from the weather. Make sure that the shelter that you select is appropriate for the Weather and Conditions in your area. Remember that Winter Shelters require wood or snow to build, along with tools. For summer a poncho will make an excellent, if small, shelter because it is multipurpose and versatile.

Extra Items

You might consider these as comfort items. Things like high energy food bars, a headlamp or flashlight, extra layers of warm clothing, a candle, water purification gear, and leather gloves. While these item will make your life easier, they also add to the weight of your kit and what you are carrying.

Conclusions

The items in this list should be with you anytime you are away from your base or home. As you never know when a disaster will strike. When at home they should be some place easy to get to. Be smart in your prepping and always keep you gear up to date and ready for use.

Hope that you find this useful. God bless.

Barter, what is the meaning? According to Merriam-Webster.com it means “to exchange things (such as products or services) for other things instead of for money” or as an Intransitive verb “to trade by exchanging one commodity for another”. In other words it is the trading of goods and/or services for other goods and/or services without the use of money.

Many people still rely on bartering as a way to obtain what they need to live, mostly in rural areas and they have been doing it all of their lives. Even in some places around the world, where they use money, they will kind of barter by negotiating with the seller to get a lower price for the item they wish to purchase. This is referred to as haggling “to talk or argue with someone especially in order to agree on a price”.

Bartering is a very useful skill that can be learned and in a Fecal Matter Hits the Fan (SHTF) scenario, with all forms of currency rendered useless, this will become an invaluable ability to have. You will need it to “buy” anything from food & water to clothing, tools and the basic everyday stuff to survive this brave new world you find yourselves in. Bartering will become invaluable.

The main key to good bartering is if the goods/services are mutually beneficial. Along with, how badly do you value what the other person has, because this will dictate the “price” you will have to pay. I know that is just common sense. Therefore, before you even approach the potential “seller” you need to assign a “value” to that particular item and then put on your “game” face.

But first you must have goods to barter with. Having that in mind, here is a list of a few bartering items to stock up on:

Skills: What can you do to assist the seller? For instance, carpentry, plumbing, construction, welding, mechanic, sewing, blacksmithing, etc. If you’re not particularly skilled at any “trade” … well it would not be a bad idea if you learned one now. Then let your friends and neighbors know about your new found skills.

Ammunition: Get some of the more common calibers like .22LR, 7.62, .223, 9mm, .38, 40mm, .45 ACP, 12 gage, 20 gage, .410.

Water purification gear: We humans cannot survive without water for more than 3 days and if you do not wish to be sick or die, clean water is an absolute must.

Manual Tools: Since the electrical grid will be down power tools will be useless therefore manual tools like hatchets, hoes, saws, screwdrivers, wrenches, etc. will become invaluable.

Fire making gear: Flint & Steel, Ferro Rods, fireproof matches, starter logs, kindling, fire starter kits, fire piston, disposable lighters ...

Liquor: This can be used for more than just drinking or as a medicinal wound disinfectant - small half-pint bottles of moonshine, gin, whiskey, vodka, rum ...

Medications (OTC) over-the-counter: Aspirin/Tylenol/Ibuprofen (for adults AND children), allergy medication, stomach ailments (Pepto-Bismol), treatment for heartburn, antibiotic ointment, sunburn spray, cough syrup, chigger/tick creme, antacids ...

Gasoline/fuel/diesel: For use in generators, motor bikes, tractors, ATVs, cars & trucks (that are still working), etc. This includes two- and four-cycle oils for small engines, kerosene ...

Personal hygiene supplies: Toilet paper, feminine products, toothbrush, toothpaste, floss, shampoo, bars of soap, etc. Those small travel sized containers will work quite well.

Fishing gear: hooks, lines and sinkers.

Coffee and tea: Coffee is reported to have medicinal properties - helps prevent gallstones and kidney stones, less likely to develop type 2 diabetes, Parkinson’s and Dementia, as well as less incidence of certain cancers, heart rhythm problems and strokes! Instant works as well for barter.

Spices for cooking: After SHTF long term food will need help with taste and spices will certainly be in demand. Items like salt, pepper, turmeric, onion powder, garlic powder/salt, thyme, basil ...

Paracord: There is always a need to tie something down or lash something together.

Solar battery charger and batteries: Energy to power lights or electronics will be in demand, therefore using the sun's energy to charge batteries will be very useful.

Regular batteries: AA, AAA, 9V, even C & D sized will be good to have.

Duct tape: Yep, the 1000 and 1 uses tape will always come in handy in a SHTF situation.

Disposable hand and foot warmers: The need to keep warm and still get stuff done will be high on the list of necessities during any survival situation.

Plastic sheeting: For use as protection from the rain, also good for blacking out lights or an infection barrier.

Socks: Heavy duty wool to protect the feet and keep them warm will become rather important when the SHTF.

Condoms: You’ll be surprised at how popular these will be. More than just a contraceptive.

Tobacco: Yep, tobacco in all its forms (cigar, cigarette, chewing, etc.) will still be sought-after, even after SHTF.

Pens, pencils and paper: For use as communication device and possible entertainment. There will always be a need to write stuff down.

Entertainment items: With little or no electricity, all of today's electronic devices will be next to useless. Therefore, there will definitely be a need to keep people entertained during those long nights after SHTF. Items like books, card games, board games, puzzles ... will have their value.

This is not by any stretch a complete list, however, it is a beginning for anyone interested in preparing for the time what the SHTF.

Hope that you found this of some use. God bless.

Elderberries are a uniquely American fruit familiar to the nation's first inhabitants, traditional uses for elderberries by Indians, who made use of every little part of the plant, included tools crafted from the branches, such as arrow shafts and pipes, as well as the berries.

They are a member of the honeysuckle family and is actually a small tree, with an abundance of delicate white flowers emerging as berry clusters generally between August and October, mostly in cool-to-warm areas of the country, like the Northeastern and Northwestern areas of the US and Canada. Of course today you can probable find them at your local grocer.

Caution: When elderberry hunting, only the blue variety (also identifiable by the white surface coating, similar to blueberries) is good for eating. Since the raw berries contain a cyanide-like chemical they require cooking before consumption. Green, unripe, or bright red elderberries (Sambucus ebulus) are bitter and possibly toxic, even when cooked.

As a prepper, my interest in natural remedies became an important pursuit and I heard that elderberries have medicinal properties. So, I started investigating the elderberry and found this fact: elderberries can and do fight the flu and they do it very well. That fact sent me down the path to find out more about the health and wellness properties of this little berry.

More background on the Elderberry

Using these wild berries for both food and medicine has been around since the beginning of time. In the prepper world, the know how to forage for food like berries and other local stuffs to supplement your food stores for the long term is a standard survival tactic for when the fecal matter hits the fan and you must provide for your family's daily needs.

In 1899, it was accidentally discovered by an American Sailor that adding elderberries to cheap port wine helped relieve his arthritis. This may have started the experiments on the healing properties of this berry. Modern research holds that elderberries may have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties.

The black elderberry, or Sambucus Canadensis, is a unique member of the honeysuckle family which grows on a small tree that resembles a shrub and is native to a large area of North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and south through eastern Mexico and Central America to Panama. Early Native Americans would use the durable yet pliable branches to craft their homes, as tools, and smoking pipes plus so much more. Typically used in a recipe, the berries, were enjoyed by all, both young and old. Crushed up and mixed with sugar or honey these tart little berry would be used to make a tasty jam or syrup.

From what I have been able to learn, this versatile little berries were first used as a dye for clothing. Later it began being used for salves, pastes, tinctures, and everything in between.

Flavonoids are another ingredient that places elderberries in the category of "antioxidant-rich," capable of preventing cell damage. The flowers can also be steeped in oil to make a lotion that relaxes sore muscles and soothes burns, sunburn, and rashes.

A few Healthy Benefits

The elderberry is quite potent with several health and wellness benefits.

Fights Flu: This is where elderberry shines, with ample research as a remedy for both influenza A and B. One study suggested that the elderberry extract called Sambucol could shorten flu duration by up to three days.

Treats Wounds: With its antiseptic and mild antibiotic action, elderberry helps fight infection in wounds and the elderberry flowers, as external antiseptic, washes and poultices to treat wounds as a topical ointment.

Powerful Antioxidant: Elderberries are dense in free radical-scouring antioxidants which have been linked to a reduction in cancer cells, Alzheimer’s disease, and heart disease.

Boosts Immunity: They contain 87% of the daily value in vitamin C, which promotes the production of white blood cells and reduces oxidative stress. Plus high amounts of vitamin A, potassium, iron, vitamin B6, fiber, and beta-carotene.

Enhanced Brain Function: A serving of Elderberries, about 3.5 ounces (100 grams), contain 2.32mg of iron or 9% of the daily value, which decreases lethargy and increases mental capacity.

Fight the Common Cold: Elderberry extract called Sambucol is an effective remedy against the common cold by triggering an increased immune response.

Improves Vision: Elderberries are dense in vitamin A content which maintains and improves eyesight.

Efficient Digestion: As a great source of dietary fiber, elderberries help decrease bloating and constipation while also helping facilitate bowel movements. Herbalists still use it to soothe children's upset stomachs and relieve gas.

Your Skin: Elderberries have been used for cosmetic purposes for millennia due to the reputation of distilled elderberry flower water to soften, tone, and restore the skin and lighten freckles. It also provides a natural boost to skin’s moisture and elasticity levels.

Your Bones: Elderberries contain a high level of unique minerals that combined become the perfect cocktail for proper bone density and a healthy skeletal system.

Heart and Cardio: Elderberries are rich in potassium, which increases blood flow in support of a healthy cardiovascular system.

Nasal Congestion: Chemicals in both the flowers and berries may help diminish swelling in mucous membranes like sinuses and help relieve nasal congestion.

Weight Management: Elderberries are reputed to have diuretic and detoxifying properties, and therefore considered good for weight management.

How to Make an Elderberry Tincture & Elderberry Syrup

Homemade elderberry tinctures are easy to make and save you money to boot, when compared to over-the-counter versions and it is a more natural remedy, which is a better choice than synthetics from companies whose primary interest is profit over wellness.

There are many variations for making Elderberry Tincture but here is the version I’ve made, using a recipe from the web.

Elderberry Tincture

Take the berries that you have removed from the stems, remove any bits of stem that got into the bowl (within reason), and place them in a large colander. Rinse well with plenty of cold running water and drain. Place them into a container that you can tip into your tincture jar easily.

Optional: Take a potato masher or put the berries in your blender and mash them a bit. Only for fresh berries, not if you're using dried.

Fill a clean and dried mason jar loosely to about an inch from the neck of the jar with dried elderberries.

Fill the rest of the jar with vodka or your spirit of choice to just below the brim.

Close the jar with a tight-fitting lid like a canning lid and ring.

Mark the jar/lid using a permanent marker with date made, what it is and the type of alcohol used.

Allow the tincture to steep for 2-6 weeks. Each day, shake the jar, and for the first week or so, unscrew the lid and check to be sure the berries are covered with vodka. Top off with additional vodka as needed.

After 6 weeks, strain the tincture through a colander, pressing as much tincture out of the berries as you can. Rebottle it in a clean jar, label it, and store it in a dark place.

Herbal tinctures will stay good for 1-2 years.

They will slowly lose potency after this time. If you ever see mold or smell an "off" smell, don't use the tincture

Dosage for flu: 30 to 60 drops hourly beginning when you first suspect the flu coming on.

Dosage for general health and as a preventative: 1 teaspoon daily, perhaps in a glass of apple juice.

Elderberry Syrup

Add ½ to ¾ cup of dried elderberries (or 1 cup fresh, ripe elderberries if you have them locally) to a pot of 3 cups of filtered water.

Bring to a boil, reduce heat, and simmer on medium-low for 30 minutes.

Mash the elderberries to release any remaining juice.

Strain the mixture into a glass bowl using a cheesecloth or similar item.

When the liquid has come to room temperature, gently stir in 1 cup of honey until dissolved.

Store and label in small, 8 or 12 ounce glass, amber bottle.

This mixture will last many months in a cool, dark pantry or in the refrigerator.

This is a very basic recipe. Try experimenting by adding other herbs and spices with healing benefits such as ginger root, cloves, garlic, cinnamon, and wild cherry bark.

Dosage for flu or an acute infection: 1 teaspoon every hour until symptoms subside (try for a minimum of 4 times a day). As symptoms improve, reduce to 3x day, then 2x, then 1x until symptoms are completely gone.

Dosage for general health and as a preventative:  1 teaspoon daily.

Side Effects of Elderberry

There are some who say that pregnant and nursing mothers should not use elderberry syrups and tinctures.

Some studies have suggested that elderberry tinctures may not be an issue to people with an autoimmune disorder. This is because the elderberry tincture potency might cause their immune system to go into overdrive.

There is some controversy relative to red elderberries and many authorities recommend that you avoid them. That said, if they are toxic, the symptoms are no worse than an upset stomach. Still, I would err on the side of caution and avoid them.

As with all natural remedies, if in doubt, consult with a trusted and sympathetic health care professional first.

In conclusion

Learning about the positive health benefits of the humble elderberry and then putting your knowledge to use is wise during normal times. So, make some elderberry tincture or syrup, and when you feel a cold or flu coming on, use your natural elderberry remedy and see how you respond. Plus start taking a teaspoon a day to build immunity and enjoy the benefits of the wide variety of wellness properties of the elderberry.

Hope that you find this useful. God bless.