Who are the Europeans?
115.000 - 10.730 (?9.700?) BC large parts of Europe were ice deserts and tundra (no forests or any special fauna) -> A few Neanderthals lived on the edge of the wasteland.
And then the warm period -> over a few millennia came grasses, bushes, the first trees -> huge beech forests and hunters and gatherers (new humans) from Africa via the Levant. From Spain/Greece to Scotland/Scandinavia and Russia. [Animism and Shamanism]
From 9000 BC, farming cultures slowly migrated from southern Anatolia/northern Mesopotamia via Greece -> Balkans and the southern Mediterranean. Around 4000 BC, almost all of Europe belonged to the farming culture. Except Lapland and other remote places. There were fertility cults everywhere!
From around 2000 BC (no one knows for sure), Caucasian warriors, perhaps also settlers from the Ural region or perhaps from the Siberian "advanced culture", moved to Europe and subjugated the peoples. They formed the basis of the Indo-European languages ​​-> ancient peoples such as the ancient Greeks, the Latins, Celts, Germanic peoples and Slavs emerged from the conquerors. War cults emerged everywhere. Whether Celtic, Germanic, Slavic, Greco-Roman, all the important gods were suddenly warriors. In a few regions, farmers were able to resist. One of the most famous peoples are the Basques (do not speak any Indo-European language) / one is not so sure about the Baltic peoples (genetically proven in the blood - a lot from hunter-gatherer and farming cultures).
Hardly any region on earth has experienced as much war and upheaval in the last 10 thousand years as Europe -> We have the direct heritage of hunters/gatherers, farmers and brave warriors with a touch of Neanderthals.
And the sword of Darmocles always hovers over us. For around 30 million years (with the glaciation of Antarctica) the earth has been in the ice age, which consists of warm and cold periods. The climate has been going crazy for around 5 million years. At least 7 cold periods have been proven in Northern Europe. The duration of the cold periods tends to become longer and longer and the warm periods become shorter and shorter. Our current warm period (Holocene) is already around 2 thousand years longer than the one before it (Eam warm period). Whatever triggers a cold period, should it happen, most of Europe will be uninhabitable for at least 100-150 thousand years. From a European perspective, warming may not be so bad. Over 100 years ago, when we were very close to the climate activists' wet dream in terms of global average temperature. There were several years without summer harvests in the 19th century. The years were too cold. These were years with large waves of emigration. Incidentally, according to drilling data (sediment and ice), the last warm period (Eam) was much warmer than the Holocene. Not to mention the global average temperatures of the Tertiary, back before Antarctica was an ice pole. If the outer astronomical constellations are responsible for the last 5 million years, the bad news is: our solar system will continue to "travel" through the problematic region for the next million years.
