Neues Aus Kanada

Jennifer Wells, in “Complexity and Sustainability ” ( p. 162, 2013).

Interesting paper, exploring the new methods to analyze collective actions on the basis of structural variables and core relationships and their combination.

relevant structural variables for successful collective action are: 

1. the number of participants involved

2. whether benefits are subtractive or fully shared (i.e.,public goods vs common-pool resources)

3. the heterogeneity of participants

4. face-to-face communication.

5. information about past actions;

6. how individuals are linked; and

7. whether individuals can enter or exit voluntarily

Core relationships that influence cooperation:

1. Reputation

2. Trust

3. Reciprocity

A matter of scale

One of the founding papers for cybernetics

“active-purposeful-second order predictive behaviour”

“directed by negative feedback-loops”