CAD Drafting Services

Introduction

Commercial buildings are becoming increasingly complex, with multiple building systems operating within limited spaces. Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing services must work together seamlessly while meeting strict project deadlines and budget requirements. Even a small design conflict can result in expensive delays, material waste, and additional labor costs.

For example, a clash between an HVAC duct and a structural beam can stop installation work, require redesign, and delay project completion. These issues not only increase construction costs but can also postpone tenant occupancy and affect overall project profitability.

To avoid these challenges, project teams rely on MEP Coordination to identify and resolve design conflicts before construction begins. By integrating architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing models into a single coordinated environment, teams can reduce rework, improve installation accuracy, and streamline project delivery from design to handover.

What Is MEP Coordination?

MEP Coordination is a collaborative BIM-based process that ensures all building services fit together correctly before construction starts. Instead of relying only on traditional 2D drawings, engineers combine discipline-specific models into one federated model to detect clashes and optimize system layouts.

The coordination process includes model federation, automated clash detection, design reviews, coordination meetings, and issue resolution. Advanced BIM software such as Revit and Navisworks enables teams to identify conflicts early, improving collaboration throughout the construction process while reducing costly field modifications.

Why Commercial Buildings Need MEP Coordination

Commercial buildings contain dense mechanical rooms, ceiling spaces, vertical risers, and service corridors where multiple systems compete for limited space. Without proper coordination, installation conflicts become unavoidable, leading to expensive rework and project delays.

MEP systems typically account for nearly one-third of a commercial building's construction budget. A coordination failure can significantly impact project costs, schedules, and overall building performance. Identifying clashes during the design phase is far more cost-effective than resolving them during construction.

Benefits That Make MEP Coordination Essential

One of the biggest advantages of MEP Coordination is early clash detection. Conflicts between structural, architectural, and building service elements are resolved before construction begins, reducing the likelihood of expensive on-site modifications.

Another important benefit is improved cost control. Coordinated BIM models minimize change orders, reduce material waste, and provide greater confidence in project budgets. Contractors can accurately plan labor, procurement, and installation activities with fewer unexpected disruptions.

MEP Coordination also supports off-site prefabrication. Since coordinated models contain highly accurate dimensions, components such as ductwork, piping systems, and electrical assemblies can be manufactured before arriving on site. This shortens installation time, improves quality, and increases productivity.

The process further simplifies inspections and regulatory compliance. Coordinated models verify equipment clearances, maintenance access, and code requirements before installation, reducing the risk of inspection failures and commissioning delays.

Accurate coordinated models also benefit facility management by providing reliable as-built information, asset data, and maintenance records that simplify future operations and renovations.

Typical MEP Coordination Workflow

A successful coordination process begins with establishing a BIM Execution Plan (BEP), defining project standards, Levels of Development (LOD), naming conventions, software platforms, and coordination schedules.

Each discipline develops its BIM model before combining all models into a federated coordination model. Automated clash detection identifies hard clashes, clearance conflicts, and workflow issues that require resolution.

Regular coordination meetings enable architects, engineers, contractors, and BIM coordinators to review clashes, assign responsibilities, and monitor progress until every issue is resolved. Final deliverables include coordinated BIM models, clash reports, shop drawings, and accurate as-built documentation.

Common Challenges and Practical Solutions

One common challenge is involving MEP teams too late in the project. Early collaboration during schematic design and design development allows conflicts to be resolved before construction begins.

Inconsistent modeling standards between disciplines can also create coordination issues. Establishing clear BIM standards and conducting model quality checks before federation improves coordination accuracy.

Communication gaps often slow decision-making. Using a Common Data Environment (CDE) keeps everyone working from the latest model versions while providing centralized issue tracking and better accountability.

ROI of MEP Coordination

The financial benefits of MEP Coordination are substantial. Early clash detection significantly reduces rework costs, minimizes schedule delays, and improves labor productivity throughout the project lifecycle.

Commercial projects that invest in BIM coordination often experience better cost predictability, faster project completion, improved construction quality, and lower long-term maintenance costs. The return on investment is achieved through fewer design conflicts, smoother installations, and enhanced operational efficiency.

When Should MEP Coordination Begin?

The ideal time to start MEP Coordination is during schematic design, design development, and pre-construction. Early coordination allows project teams to optimize building services before construction activities begin.

For renovation and retrofit projects, Scan-to-BIM provides accurate existing conditions, enabling phased coordination while minimizing disruption to occupied facilities.

Choosing the Right MEP Coordination Partner

When selecting a coordination partner, look for proven commercial project experience, expertise in Revit and Navisworks, clearly defined BIM standards, measurable clash reduction results, and transparent communication throughout the project lifecycle.

An experienced coordination partner should provide detailed clash reports, coordinated BIM models, and construction-ready deliverables that support efficient installation and long-term building performance.

Conclusion

MEP Coordination has become an essential requirement for modern commercial construction. It helps eliminate design conflicts, reduce costly rework, improve installation quality, support prefabrication, and ensure projects stay on schedule and within budget. Investing in coordination early delivers long-term value throughout the building lifecycle.

Introduction

Level of Development (LOD) is one of the most important concepts in modern construction and plays a vital role in Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) projects. It defines how complete, accurate, and reliable each model element is at different stages of a project's lifecycle. Instead of focusing only on how a model looks, LOD establishes how much information can be trusted for design, coordination, construction, fabrication, or facility management.

As an MEP project progresses, model elements evolve from simple conceptual placeholders into highly detailed, field-verified representations of the completed building. This structured approach helps architects, engineers, contractors, and owners understand exactly what information is available at every project stage. Clear LOD requirements improve communication and ensure every stakeholder works with reliable project data throughout the design and construction process.

Understanding LOD Levels

LOD 100 – Conceptual Design

LOD 100 represents the earliest stage of project development. At this level, MEP components are shown only as approximate placeholders indicating general system locations and design intent. There are no exact dimensions, materials, or installation details. LOD 100 is mainly used for feasibility studies, concept planning, early presentations, and preliminary budgeting.

LOD 200 – Schematic Design

LOD 200 introduces more defined system layouts with approximate sizes and locations. Equipment, ductwork, piping, and electrical systems become easier to visualize, making this level suitable for schematic design, early coordination, and preliminary quantity estimation. Professional MEP modelling services use this stage to establish system layouts before moving toward detailed coordination.

LOD 300 – Design Development

At LOD 300, the model becomes accurate enough for construction documentation and coordination. Pipes, ducts, cable trays, fittings, and equipment are modeled with precise dimensions and locations. This level supports reliable clash detection between architectural, structural, and MEP disciplines, significantly reducing conflicts before construction begins.

LOD 350 – Detailed Coordination

LOD 350 builds upon LOD 300 by adding interfaces between building systems. Supports, hangers, sleeves, penetrations, and equipment connections are included to improve construction coordination. This additional level of detail helps reduce Requests for Information (RFIs), minimizes on-site conflicts, and supports efficient project execution.

LOD 400 – Fabrication

LOD 400 provides fabrication-ready information. Components include detailed manufacturing and installation data such as pipe lengths, supports, connection details, and assembly information. This level is commonly used for shop drawings, prefabrication, procurement, and installation, allowing contractors to manufacture components with confidence using advanced BIM workflows.

LOD 500 – As-Built Documentation

LOD 500 represents the completed building exactly as it exists in the field. The model is verified using site surveys, laser scanning, or contractor information. It includes equipment specifications, serial numbers, maintenance schedules, warranties, and asset information, making it an essential resource for facility management and future renovations.

Why LOD Is Important

Clear LOD definitions improve communication among project stakeholders and eliminate uncertainty regarding model deliverables. When every team understands the expected level of development, coordination becomes smoother and project risks are reduced.

The benefits include:

Better multidisciplinary coordination.

Accurate clash detection beginning at LOD 300.

Improved prefabrication efficiency at LOD 400.

Reliable as-built information for operations at LOD 500.

Reduced construction errors, delays, and rework.

Proper LOD planning also prevents unnecessary modeling effort. Creating fabrication-level detail too early wastes both time and budget, while insufficient detail during construction often leads to costly modifications.

Choosing the Right LOD

The appropriate LOD depends entirely on the project stage and intended use of the model.

LOD 100–200: Concept planning, feasibility studies, and schematic design.

LOD 300: Design development, construction documentation, and clash detection.

LOD 350–400: Construction coordination, prefabrication, and fabrication.

LOD 500: Facility management, maintenance, and future building modifications.

It is also important to remember that LOD applies to individual model elements rather than the entire project. Different systems within the same building may require different LOD levels depending on project objectives.

Common Mistakes

Several common mistakes reduce the effectiveness of LOD implementation:

Requesting LOD 400 during conceptual design.

Assuming every model element requires the same level of development.

Confusing graphical detail with Level of Development.

Failing to define LOD requirements within the BIM Execution Plan.

Performing clash detection using models below LOD 300.

Avoiding these mistakes leads to better project coordination, lower costs, and improved construction quality.

Conclusion

Understanding LOD 100 through LOD 500 allows project teams to select the right level of model development for every project phase. Each LOD serves a specific purpose, from conceptual planning to fabrication and long-term facility management. Proper implementation improves collaboration, minimizes construction risks, and delivers more reliable project outcomes.

Modern buildings rely on much more than walls, roofs, and structural components. Behind every efficient commercial, residential, healthcare, or industrial facility are carefully coordinated mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems that ensure the building operates safely and efficiently. This coordination is made possible through MEP drafting, a critical process that transforms engineering designs into accurate construction-ready drawings.

Without detailed MEP drafting, contractors would struggle to install building systems correctly, resulting in costly errors, delays, and rework. By providing precise documentation, MEP drafting ensures every system fits within the available space and functions seamlessly with the building's architectural and structural elements.

What Is MEP Drafting?

MEP drafting is the process of creating technical drawings for mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems using CAD and BIM software. These drawings communicate the engineer's design intent in a format that contractors can easily understand and execute during construction.

Mechanical drawings include HVAC layouts, duct routing, equipment placement, and ventilation details. Electrical drawings cover power distribution, lighting layouts, fire alarms, communication systems, and panel schedules. Plumbing drawings illustrate water supply, drainage, gas piping, and fire protection systems. Together, these documents provide a complete roadmap for installing all building services accurately.

The MEP Drafting Workflow

Every successful construction project follows a structured MEP drafting workflow.

The process begins with reviewing architectural, structural, and engineering drawings. Drafting teams then prepare discipline-specific layouts based on project requirements and applicable codes.

The next stage focuses on coordination, where mechanical, electrical, and plumbing layouts are combined to verify that all systems can coexist within the building without conflicts. This is followed by Clash detection, where BIM software identifies intersections between ducts, pipes, conduits, structural beams, and other building components before construction begins.

Once conflicts are resolved, the final construction drawings are prepared for installation. After project completion, as-built drawings are updated to reflect any modifications made during construction, ensuring accurate documentation for future maintenance and renovations.

Why MEP Drafting Matters

Accurate MEP drafting plays a significant role in improving construction quality and project efficiency. Coordinated drawings reduce installation errors, eliminate unnecessary rework, and improve collaboration among architects, engineers, contractors, and project managers.

Well-prepared drawings also enable accurate material estimation, better scheduling, and smoother project execution. By identifying design conflicts before construction starts, teams can avoid expensive field modifications and keep projects on schedule and within budget.

MEP Drafting vs. MEP Engineering

Although the terms are often used together, MEP drafting and MEP engineering serve different purposes.

MEP engineers design the building systems by performing calculations, selecting equipment, ensuring code compliance, and determining system performance requirements.

MEP drafters convert these engineering designs into detailed construction drawings that specify routing, dimensions, installation details, and coordination between all disciplines. While engineering defines what should be built, drafting shows contractors exactly how to build it.

Software Used in MEP Drafting

Today's drafting professionals use advanced software to improve accuracy and collaboration.

AutoCAD remains the industry standard for 2D drafting and detailing, while AutoCAD MEP offers discipline-specific drafting tools. Revit enables intelligent BIM modeling, allowing teams to generate coordinated 3D models, schedules, and material quantities. Navisworks is widely used for project coordination and Clash detection, helping teams identify potential conflicts before construction begins.

The choice of software depends on project complexity, client requirements, and delivery methods.

Projects That Require MEP Drafting

Nearly every modern building requires MEP drafting services. Commercial offices, apartment buildings, hospitals, hotels, educational institutions, warehouses, manufacturing facilities, and mixed-use developments all depend on coordinated mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems.

As buildings become more complex, accurate drafting becomes increasingly important for maintaining safety, efficiency, and long-term building performance.

Benefits of Outsourcing MEP Drafting

Many architecture firms, engineering consultants, and contractors outsource MEP drafting to specialized service providers.

Outsourcing provides access to experienced drafting professionals, advanced software expertise, and scalable production teams capable of handling projects of any size. It also reduces overhead costs while maintaining high-quality documentation and faster turnaround times.

By outsourcing drafting work, engineering teams can dedicate more time to design development, client coordination, and project management instead of spending valuable resources on production drawings.

Choosing the Right Drafting Partner

Selecting the right drafting partner requires evaluating technical expertise, industry experience, software proficiency, communication, and quality control processes.

An experienced drafting team should understand construction practices, coordinate efficiently across multiple disciplines, and deliver accurate drawings that minimize field issues. The ability to manage revisions quickly and maintain consistent documentation standards is equally important for successful project delivery.

Conclusion

MEP drafting serves as the foundation of every successful construction project by converting engineering concepts into coordinated, construction-ready documentation. Through proper planning, detailed drawings, and effective Clash detection, project teams can reduce conflicts, improve installation accuracy, and complete projects more efficiently.

Accurate fabrication begins with accurate information. Traditional handoffs between design teams and fabrication shops often require detailers to recreate or reinterpret design intent, leading to delays, rework, material waste, and increased project costs. A BIM-driven workflow eliminates these challenges by creating a coordinated digital process that connects design, detailing, fabrication, and installation teams.

By using BIM, fabricators can generate precise Fabrication Drawings directly from coordinated models, reducing manual drafting and improving overall project efficiency. The result is faster production, improved quality control, and better collaboration across every stage of construction.

Why BIM Improves Fabrication Workflows

Building Information Modeling provides a single source of truth throughout the fabrication lifecycle. Instead of relying on disconnected drawings and multiple document revisions, project teams work from a coordinated model containing geometry, dimensions, materials, connections, and manufacturing information.

A well-structured BIM process reduces RFIs, minimizes design conflicts, improves scheduling, and supports prefabrication. Fabricators also benefit from automated Bills of Materials (BOM), machine-ready exports, and accurate production documentation, helping projects stay on schedule while reducing unnecessary costs.

Build a Strong Foundation

Every successful fabrication project begins with a clear BIM Execution Plan (BEP). The BEP should define project standards, Levels of Development (LOD), naming conventions, approval workflows, and information requirements before modeling begins.

Equally important is establishing a Common Data Environment where all project participants access the latest approved models and documentation. A centralized platform improves version control, prevents outdated information from being used, and creates a transparent workflow from design through fabrication and installation.

For most fabrication projects, LOD 350 supports detailed coordination, while LOD 400 provides the fabrication-level information required for manufacturing, assembly, and installation.

BIM Workflow for Fabrication

The process begins by reviewing architectural, structural, and MEP design models to verify model completeness and identify coordination issues. Once validated, the discipline models are federated into a coordinated BIM environment where clashes are detected and resolved before fabrication starts.

The coordinated model is then converted into fabrication-ready geometry by adding weld details, supports, stiffeners, connections, tolerances, assembly information, and manufacturer data. Each component also receives material specifications, identification tags, and production attributes required by fabrication teams.

From the finalized model, Fabrication Drawings, spool drawings, isometrics, Bills of Materials, and cutting lists are generated automatically. Because these documents are extracted directly from the BIM model, they remain consistent with the latest approved design and significantly reduce manual drafting errors.

Before production begins, QA/QC procedures verify geometry, dimensions, metadata, constructability, and material quantities. Approved models are then exported as IFC, DWG, DXF, or NC/CAM files for CNC equipment and fabrication machinery.

Key Deliverables

A BIM-based fabrication workflow typically produces:

Coordinated fabrication models

Shop-ready Fabrication Drawings

Spool and isometric drawings

Bills of Materials (BOM)

Material and cutting lists

NC/CAM files for machine fabrication

Installation and packing documentation

These deliverables improve communication between design teams, fabricators, procurement departments, and site crews while supporting efficient manufacturing and installation.

Quality Control and Risk Management

Quality assurance is essential throughout the fabrication process. Each production release should verify that geometry matches design intent, all clashes have been resolved, material attributes are complete, and Bills of Materials accurately reflect the fabrication model.

Common issues such as incomplete metadata, inconsistent naming conventions, late design revisions, and untested machine exports can create significant delays if not managed properly. Using standardized templates, automated validation rules, and a centralized Common Data Environment helps eliminate these risks while maintaining complete traceability throughout the project.

Measuring Success

Fabricators can evaluate the effectiveness of BIM by monitoring key performance indicators such as shop drawing turnaround time, first-pass approval rates, material waste reduction, RFI reduction, and fabrication throughput. These metrics demonstrate measurable improvements in productivity while supporting better planning and resource allocation.

Many organizations implementing BIM-based fabrication workflows experience faster documentation, improved coordination, reduced rework, and more predictable production schedules. These efficiencies ultimately translate into lower project costs and higher profitability.

Scale Your BIM Fabrication Process

Organizations should begin with a pilot project involving repeatable systems such as ductwork, pipe spools, stair assemblies, or structural steel packages. Once the workflow is validated, teams can develop reusable BIM families, automation scripts, QA templates, and standardized documentation for future projects.

As implementation expands, integrating BIM with procurement systems, CNC production, and project management platforms creates an end-to-end digital workflow that supports continuous improvement across multiple projects.

Why Pre-Construction BIM Coordination Is So Important

Modern construction projects are characterized by an unprecedented level of complexity. It becomes a challenge to make mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems coexist in limited spaces while keeping them accessible, maintainable, and fully code-compliant. Poorly coordinated MEP in pre-construction leads to clashes, expensive rework, delays, and over-budgeting of the whole project. Studies have shown that Building Information Modeling can decrease project cost by 15–20% and systematic clash detection avoids problems in the field by 30–50%.

Foundational Setup and BIM Execution Plan: Before coordination process starts, check that BIM Execution Plan is signed off by all stakeholders. BIM Execution Plan outlines important protocols like modeling requirements, Level of Development, data exchange format, and file name standards. Make sure you understand the scope of project, responsibilities, model exchange schedule, approval process, software versions, and communication protocol. A Common Data Environment is required for centralized access to the model and maintaining model versions through the whole project. 

Model Readiness Check: Models are delivered at various stages. Before starting clash detection, it is crucial to make sure that all models are ready. First, verify that base point, levels, grids, and coordinate system are the same for all disciplines. Make sure that appropriate LOD is provided at this stage of project development; usually, LOD 350 is sufficient for coordination purposes while LOD 400 should be provided only for fabrication and assembly. 

Discipline-Specific Coordination Check: Each trade model should be reviewed individually before multi-discipline coordination process starts. For architectural model, check for shafts, ceiling heights, equipment rooms, access zones, and openings for no obstructions for MEP routing. For structural model, check beams, slabs, penetrations, and clearances around load-bearing elements — usually, this model creates biggest challenges during coordination. Check mechanical model for duct routing, pipe routing, equipment positioning, access space, and maintenance zones with enough space for filters and coils. Check electrical model for cable trays, lighting fixtures, panels, containment routes, and service clearances. Pay special attention to working clearances for electrical rooms and panels. For plumbing and fire protection systems, check drainage slopes, risers, sprinkler head positioning, and no interference with other systems. 

Clash Detection and Conflict Resolution: Clash detection process is the heart of BIM coordination. Using specialized software like Navisworks, Revit, or Solibri, perform systematic clash detection that includes 3 types of clashes — hard clashes (geometric collisions), soft clashes (clearance or buffer zone violations), and workflow clashes (installation sequencing conflicts). Create clash matrix basing on construction schedule and determine combination to be detected first. Clashes should be detected early in design phases as this reduces their resolution cost. Assign ownership for each issue with deadlines and track status of resolution; update the model and revalidate until all major conflicts are resolved. 

Constructibility and Installability Analysis: Coordination of the model does not guarantee its constructibility. Check whether routing is possible for field installation, whether installation sequences are feasible and whether there is an opportunity for prefabrication of some assemblies. Check whether maintenance access and equipment replacement spaces are realistic. Even if components fit into model, they can still be challenging to install, inspect and maintain safely. MEP BIM modeling services develop models to fabrication-ready level including dimensions, material, and connections details. 

Drawing and Shop Model Validation: Make sure that the coordinated model matches current drawings and specifications. Discrepancies between the model and contract documents can lead to additional costs in field. Verify that shop drawings, fabrication models, and schedules match the coordinated model. Make sure that annotation and dimensions are consistent and all final outputs are ready for implementation to the field and review by contractors. 

Deliverables and Data Handoff: Pre-construction BIM coordination results in additional valuable deliverables beside the 3D model. Make sure that federated models, clash reports (comprehensive list of clashes with status of resolution), COBie data for structured handover of assets information and asset data for facility management are produced. Verify that export of files, naming convention, version control, and document management are implemented. Make sure that model has all information required for commissioning and facility management prior to producing sign-off record for construction release. 

Responsibilities and Approval Workflow for Coordination: It is crucial to define responsibilities for BIM coordination to avoid misunderstanding. Determine model owner for each discipline, authority that will sign off the final coordinated model, and people who will update the model. Schedule meetings for model review, clash closure deadlines and technical conflict resolution procedure. BIM manager or coordinator usually takes responsibility for integration process but other stakeholders like general contractors, subcontractors, architect and engineer should also take active part in it. 

Pre-Construction Sign-Off Checklist: Before signing off the construction, make sure that models are aligned in all disciplines, major clashes are resolved and documented, access and maintenance clearances are verified, fabrication and shop outputs are approved, data deliverables are prepared and construction is released. 

Conclusion 

Successful pre-construction BIM coordination turns complicated MEP projects from the areas of conflicts into well-executed constructions. Following this checklist can help project teams avoid rework, manage cost and deliver good results. 

Selecting a poor MEP partner will destroy your project altogether through non-coordinated models, on-site collisions, late installations, and excessive RFI and change orders. On-site collision resolution costs 10-15 times more than digital collision resolution at the stage of pre-construction. And the right MEP partner will become an integral part of the project team, rather than just a drawing supplier.

Selecting a poor MEP partner will destroy your project altogether through non-coordinated models, on-site collisions, late installations, and excessive RFI and change orders. On-site collision resolution costs 10-15 times more than digital collision resolution at the stage of pre-construction. And the right MEP partner will become an integral part of the project team, rather than just a drawing supplier.

MEP Model Services Overview

Apart from standard digital modeling services, the range of MEP BIM services includes mechanical system modeling (HVAC, AHUs, ducts), electrical infrastructure modeling (switchboards, DB, cabling), plumbing system modeling (water supply, drainage, sanitary appliances), fire protection (sprinkler systems, detection systems), clash detection and coordination, LOD 400 shop drawings production, LOD 500 as-built documentation creation.

Evaluation of Potential MEP Service Provider

First and foremost, make sure that the provider has the required experience. Study their portfolio for the projects similar in complexity and building types. Ask the provider for case studies proving their ability to solve the industry-specific technical issues—be it health care, commercial, industrial or data center construction.

Secondly, check for the technical expertise. Make sure that the potential provider has the experience in all MEP disciplines. Also, assess the proficiency in using the necessary software such as Revit MEP, AutoCAD, Plant 3D, Navisworks. Ensure that they can provide LOD 300-400 models fit for the construction purposes and for prefabrication.

Coordination and Communication

The process of clash detection and resolution is what makes MEP BIM services valuable. See how the potential provider resolves the issues that arise from the clashes between the mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems. How they coordinate with the architectural and structural models. The best companies will provide you with coordinated, shop-ready models that will help you to solve the problems before you start working with them in the field.

Good communication skills are no less important. Check their responsiveness, the cadence of meetings and the use of Common Data Environments (CDE) for the file exchange. An active provider that communicates well and follows BIM Execution Plan will add a lot to the success of the project.

Right Choice of Partner

Take into account such things as the sustainability and compliance with the codes. The partner should be able to optimize the systems for energy efficiency and to ensure the compliance with all applicable codes and standards (ASHRAE, NFPA, NEC, IBC). Estimate the price to the value ratio—cheap providers are not always the best choice. The U.S.-based LOD 400 modeling services cost from $100 to $180 per hour, the offshore firms offer cheaper rates.

Potential red flags would be the absence of the relevant experience, too vague proposal, poor communication skills, unclear process of coordination and absence of the knowledge about the applicable codes. Choose the partner that becomes the integral part of your team, the partner that predicts the problems and provides the coordinated models.

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