Oh this reminds me of a topic I have a bit of interest in.
The leaders of the british military get a reasonable amount of flack for not opposing Hitler more in the 1930s. I get that. Britain at times (e.g. with Neville Chamberlain) seemed incredibly reluctant to get involved in a war with Germany.
So I began looking at the military careers of the 4 men who served as head of the British Army in the 1930s. All high ranking Generals or Field Marshalls in the 30s. I asked myself "what rank would they have been 20 years before?"
Probably company commander level. Captains or the like.
So I looked them up and each of the 4 men (George Milne, Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd, Cyril Deverell and John Vereker) served in field command at least during the early stages of WW1. On the front lines of the western front during Trench Warfare at its worst. Some of them were wounded in battle. One earned a VC.
So I went digging and as expected many if not most of the Generals and Colonels during the 1930s had served in junior officer positions on the front lines of WW1.
A war that killed almost 900,000 british soldiers. About 1/8 soldiers died. That is maybe 10% of ALL the men from 18-40 in Britain.
And these men served in the mud, and the trenches during the worst of it.
I am not surprised they were reluctant to start another war. In 1939 when we declared war it had been only 21 years since the last one ended. 21 years. Young men who left the trenches now had sons who were equally young men and eager to sign up once again. JRR Tolkien served in thsoe trenches in WW1. His son Christopher went to war in 1943 with the RAF and whilst he never saw front line action he certainly could have. Another son (Michael) volunteered but was turned down.
What father, having served in the first war, would be eager for his son to sign up for the second? What general would not do everything in his power to avoid sending millions of young men to risk death again?
Sure we "won" WW1 but it was truly traumatic for Britain. Every town, every village, has a monument to the dead from WW1. Every single one lists the eager young men who left for war and never returned. A lot of these Cenotaphs were built shortly after WW1 ended - the one in the town I live in was dedicated in 1921 and lists over 360 names.
Were we as a nation reluctant to enter a second major war with Germany? Yes we were. Incredibly so. That let Hitler get further along the road than he should have.
But WW2 was not just within living memory, it was the formative memory of many of the men now in power. It was the event that defined their early 20s. They ALL had friends who didn't make it. ALL of them.
I forgive these men their reulctance to risk another great war. They remembered all to well what it was like to fight the last one.