I ❤ Languages

I created a list of random German slang from a video game to help people in conversation. I’ll make a second list some other time.

VERBS

alles im Griff haben - to have everything under control

am Arsch sein - to be screwed

aus dem Weg schaffen - to get something out of the way (i.e. a problem)

bekannt machen - to introduce [people]

fremd sein - to not be from the area

die Geduld verlieren - to lose patience

herumtreiben - to hang about somewhere

sich raushalten - to stay out of someone’s business

schief gehen - to go wrong [a situation]

umhören - to ask around

verarschen - to take the piss

verrecken - to die [coll.]

NOUNS

die Bullen - the cops

die Jungs - guys

der Kerl (-e) - man [coll.]

der Pechvogel (ö) - unlucky person

der Verrückter (te) - lunatic

der Versager - loser

LITTLE WORDS

als Gegenleistung - in return

gewissen __ - certain __ [person]

in der Tat - as a matter of fact

namens __ - called __

neuerdings - in recent times

so ziemlich __ - pretty much __

umsonst - for nothing

viel los - busy/crowded

PHRASES / SAYINGS

ich bin dabei - i’m in [a deal]

lass das - don’t do that

mach keine Witze über __ - don’t joke about __

man sieht sich - see you around

pass auf dich auf - be careful

rat mal - just guess

reden wir über was anderes - let’s change subject

schon okay - that’s alright

verdammt richtig - damn right

verzieh dich! - get lost!

weißt du was, __ - tell you what, __

wenn es sein muss - if need be

wer weiß das schon? - who knows?

wie wäre es mit __ ? - how about __ ?

(reposted because the header size was messed up, sorry!) 

ahnden (ahndete, hat geahndet) - to punish (legally) for a violation of the law. Die Tat wird mit einer Geldstrafe geahndet. - The action will be punished with a fine.

bummeln (bummelte, hat/ist gebummelt) - to stroll, to dilly-dally. Er bummelte gemütlich durch die Stadt. - He strolled through the city with no hurry.

chauffieren (chauffierte, hat chauffiert) - to drive somebody somewhere (as their chauffeur), sometimes used to express disdain for that action. Seine Eltern chauffieren ihn überallhin. - His parents drive him everywhere (but they shouldn’t).

durchkämmen (durchkämmte, hat durchkämmt) - to comb sth. for somebody, to search something for somebody (e.g. a forest) (second syllable stressed). Die Polizei durchkämmte alle Wohnungen. - The police searched all the apartments.

s. einigeln (igelte sich ein, hat sich eingeigelt) - to curl up, often with intention to shut something out (e.g. the cold or other people). Wenn es am Wochenende schneit, werde ich mich zu Hause einigeln und lesen. - If it snows this weekend, I’ll stay at home and read.

flattern (flatterte, ist/hat geflattert) - to flutter, to flap wings. Die Fahne flattert im Wind. - The flag is waving in the wind.

garnieren (garnierte, hat garniert) - to garnish; to decorate food with herbs or frosting etc. Sie garnierte das Steak mit frischer Petersilie. She garnished the steak with fresh parsley.

heucheln (heuchelte, hat geheuchelt) - to feign something that isn’t true; being hypocritical. Er heuchelte Interesse and der Präsentation. - He pretended to be interested in the presentation.

imponieren (imponierte, hat imponiert) - to impress. Ihre mathematischen Fähigkeiten imponierten mir sehr. - Her mathematical skills impressed me a lot.

jäten (jätete, hat gejätet) - to weed. Er jätet seinen Garten jeden Tag. - He weeds his garden every day.

kokeln (kokelte, hat gekokelt) - to play with fire, especially matches. Kinder sollten nicht kokeln, weil sie sich verletzen können. - Children shouldn’t play with fire because they could get hurt.

leiern (leierte, hat geleiert) - to drone, to speak without enthusiasm. Er leierte das Gedicht herunter. - He recited the poem without any passion.

mogeln (mogelte, hat gemogelt) - to cheat (on tests, with tricks etc). Ich glaube, sie hat im Test gemogelt. - I think she cheated on the test.

nörgeln (nörgelte, hat genörgelt) - to continuously moan about small annoyances. Seine Mutter nörgelt immer am Essen herum. - His mother always complains about the food.

obliegen (oblag, ist oblegen) - to be somebody’s responsibility. Es obliegt dir, dieses Problem zu lösen. - It’s your responsibility to solve this problem.

pferchen (pferchte, hat gepfercht) - to cram something in a tiny space, especially animals into a barn or stable. Er pferchte die Pferde im Stall zusammen, als die Wiese unbegehbar wurde. - He crammed the horses into the stable when the meadow became unusable.

quirlen (quirlte, hat gequirlt) - to whisk. Der Teig muss fünf Minuten gequirlt werden, bevor er gebacken werden kann. - The dough has to be whisked for five minutes before it can be baked.

s. (für etw.) revanchieren (revanchierte sich, hat sich revanchiert) - to return a favour. Er revanchierte sich für meinen Rat, indem er mich zum Mittagessen einlud. - He thanked me for my advice by inviting me to lunch.

stolzieren (stolzierte, ist stolziert) - to strut, to prance. “Mein Vater ist nicht stolziert. Und ich auch nicht.” - “My dad didn’t strut. And neither do I.”

trödeln (trödelte, ist/hat getrödelt) - to dawdle, to stroll (slowly), to take more time than needed. Trödel nicht, wir sind spät dran! - Don’t dawdle, we’re late!

unterwandern (unterwanderte, hat unterwandert) - to infiltrate something. Das Ministerium wurde von Spionen unterwandert. - The ministry was infiltrated by spies.

verarzten (verarztete, hat verarztet) - to treat somebody medically, but not usually in a professional context (e.g. applying a bandaid). Nachdem er sich in den Finger geschnitten hatte, musste ich ihn verarzten. - After he got a paper cut, I had to take care of it.

wappnen (wappnete, hat gewappnet) - to prepare oneself (often mentally) against possible adversaries. Ich bin für jede Situation gewappnet. - I’m prepared for any situation.

zwirbeln (zwirbelte, hat gezwirbelt) - to twirl between the fingers, especially moustaches. Er zwirbelte seinen Schnurrbart, wenn er nervös war. - He twirled his moustache when he was nervous.

ähneln (ähnelte, hat geähnelt) - to resemble something, to have similarities. Sie ähnelte ihrer Schwester in fast allem. - She closely resembled her sister.

ölen (ölte, hat geölt) - to oil. Die Tür quietscht und muss geölt werden. - The door creaks and has to be oiled.

Okay so I’m not a langblr and I never plan to be. However. What I do know from following a ton of them is that no one talks about Minato.

Now you may be thinking, ‘What’s Minato?’. It’s a website that was recommended to me by a Japanese Studies university professor for learning Japanse at home.

It’s literally the best resource out there and it’s free (funded by the Japanese government). You can choose between self-study and tutor support-led courses.

There are courses in Hiragana, Katakana, and the general language (from levels A1 to A2), and you can download a certificate and study record after completion of a course.

Here’s the link. Or if you want to type it: https://minato-jf.jp

A lot of people seem to think that expressing your feelings in Japanese is difficult, and while it can be, there are a lot of different variations used in Japanese to express feelings. I promise it isn’t that bad!

First, let’s start with some vocabulary:

喜怒哀楽

きどあいらく = human emotions (joy, anger, humor, etc)

Common Nouns: In Japanese, い-adjectives can often become nouns (高い = tall, 高さ = height). Be careful not to use adjectives on accident when you should use nouns!

気持ち（きもち）feeling(s)

気分（きぶん）feeling(s)/mood

感情（かんじょう）emotions

喜び（よろこび）delight

幸せ（しあわせ）happiness

怒り（いかり）anger

悲しみ（かなしみ）sadness

Common Verbs: Similarly, a lot of adjectives/nouns and verbs share the same stems, but will have different endings. Be careful!

喜ぶ（よろこぶ）to be delighted

悲しむ（かなしむ）to be sad

怒る（おこる）to be/get angry

激怒する（げきどする）to be furious

憤慨する（ふんがいする）to be furious

You’ll commonly see these verbs appear in て-form in order to describe a present state, such as 怒っている (to be in a state of anger) or 喜んでいる (to be in a state of delight).

Common Adjectives:

嬉しい（うれしい）happy

悲しい（かなしい）sad

楽しい（たのしい）fun

辛い（つらい）hard/tough/painful

きつい　hard/tough

凄い（すごい）wow, great

やばい　expresses various things

When describing your own happiness, it’s more natural to use 嬉しい and not 喜んでいる. However, when describing someone else’s happiness, you should use 喜んでいる and not 嬉しい.

辛い（辛い）and 辛い（からい）look the exact same, but one means “tough” and the other means “spicy.” Pay attention to context!

Expressing your emotions

When describing your own emotions, it’s actually quite uncommon to use any first person pronouns (such as 私) unless the subject is not at all clear. Likely, though, the subject is you and the listener knows this.

Joy & Happiness

あ〜、嬉しいな！ー I’m happy! 　な is often used in Japanese when expressing your feelings 　あ, ああ, and あー are also often used やった〜！ー Yay! イェーイ！ー Yaaay! 楽しい！ー Fun! 楽しすぎる ー Using すぎる can express the nuance of “too much fun” ワクワクする ー I’m getting excited! 　It’s common in Japanese to use onomatopoeia to express emotion! すごい！ー Wow! Great! 　This is commonly used in variations (すご〜い！すげえ！and so on)

Relief & Surprise

あ〜、よかった！ー I’m relieved! 安心した（あんしん）ー I feel relieved. え〜！ー What? うそ！ー No way! まさか ー No way! It can’t be true. まじ ー Really? No way! Seriously? まじか ー Really? No way! Seriously? 　This one is sometimes seen as more masculine 信じられない ー I can’t believe it

Nervousness & Sadness

緊張する（きんちょう）ー I’m nervous… 　Really common, and can also be used in its て-form! ドキドキする ー I feel nervous. 悲しい（かなしい）ー I’m sad. 寂しい（さみしい・さびしい）ー I’m lonely / I miss someone 憂鬱（ゆううつ）ー Depression 気が滅入る（きがめいる）ー I feel depressed がっかり ー I’m disappointed 落ち込む（おちこむ）ー I’m getting upset!

Anger

ひどい！ー That’s terrible! You’re awful! イライラする ー I feel irritated 頭にきた ー I’m so pissed off ムカつく ー I’m angry

Embarrassment: 恥ずかしい（はずかしい）ー I’m embarrassed. Fear: 怖い（こわい）ー I’m scared. Envy: 羨ましい（うらやましい）ー I’m jealous.

Using 感じ and 感じる

If you talk to a Japanese person for any length of time, you’ll hear this come up quite often. The readings are “かんじ” and “かんじる”. Remember that the meaning of 感 is “feeling,” so if you see it in kanji compounds you’re likely dealing with someone to do with feeling (emotion or otherwise).

感じ is the noun form and 感じる is the verb form:

どんな感じがしましたか？How did you feel?

どんな感じましたか？How did you feel?

These feelings can be both physical and emotional.

変な感じがした… へんなかんじがした… I felt strange…

彼女はなんか冷たい感じがするね。 かのじょはなんかつめたいかんじがするね。 She seems to be kind of cold, huh?

地震があったみたいだけど何も感じなかった。 じしんがあったみたいだけどなにもかんじなかった。 It seems there was an earthquake but I didn’t feel anything.

There are a lot of colloquial uses as well, particularly: って感じ, which is a really common way for Japanese to express the feeling of “it’s like…”

学校はね…もういいかなって感じ。 I think I’ve had enough with school.

私ばかり働いているって感じ。 I feel like I’m the only one that works.

You can use って感じ in a lot of ways, and it’s especially common when speaking.

気がする

Use this when expressing that you sense something/feel something but can’t quite understand why you feel that way.

If you’re breaking up with your significant other, you might say something like 私たち、もう終わりのような気がする which roughly translates to “I feel like we’re over now.”

面白いことが起きるみたいな気がする… おもしろいことがおきるみたいなきがする… I feel like something interesting will happen…

旅行したい気がする。 りょこうしたいきがする。 I feel like going on a trip.

食べる気がしない。 たべるきがしない。 I don’t feel like eating.

Try to express your emotions as much as possible when talking to people, especially if you’re talking about your day or something that you did with that person. It adds a personal touch and will make sure your conversation remains warm for both of you.

So i know a lot of students are in the summer holidays or are approaching them and i thought i’d make a guide on how to effectively learn a language over summer! Obviously there are no rules to this, so do whatever suits you best💓

Pick A Language!

This may seem obvious and too simple to be a step, but pick the language you’d like to learn!

If you want learning to be quicker and easier, pick a language similar to yours. For an English speaker, languages such as French and German (with a similar alphabet) are much easier to learn than languages such as Korean or Mandarin.

If you’d like a challenge, pick a language very different to yours; for example, i’m learning Japanese!

Set Goals!

Set goals for yourself over the holidays! six weeks obviously isn’t long enough to reach fluency, so be realistic.

If your goal is as small as just learning the alphabet, don’t worry! You’re not being tested on this, so go at your own pace.

Decide How You Want To Learn!

Pick a learning method that suits you best. There are loads of ways to learn a language nowadays!

One way to learn is using apps; my personal favourites are Duolingo and Memrise. These allow you to learn on the go, whenever you like.

Another method is using a textbook. This can be boring for some, but if you prefer the structure of a textbook, feel free to buy one online or visit your local library! Using a library can allow you to take books for free; a valuable resource. Treasure it.

Take lessons! Get a private tutor! Find a class nearby! This way a trained professional will be teaching you what you need to know, and you can ensure you’re not making any mistakes along the way.

Start Learning!

Once you’ve found your preferred method, start learning!

You don’t have to spend every hour learning your language; you’re doing this for fun, remember! The holidays are called the holidays for a reason, guys.

If you’re struggling, don’t worry. there are plenty of others feeling the same way; fluency takes time and patience. No one can understand something straight away, and mistakes are key to learning.

How To Learn Effectively:

Don’t revise your language for really long periods of time. Make sure you take breaks, don’t overwork yourself, all that jazz (i’m sure you’ve heard it before)

Test recall! Rewriting the same word over and over is tedious, and not the best way to learn. Test how much information you can recall; this way, you can find your weak points easily. Ensure you understand the meaning of information, too. Learning words and phrases without fully knowing the meaning is useless, don’t do that!

Flashcards are your best friends. Write them out, make them colourful, create them on an app, whatever. Linked to the previous point, they test your recall, and ou can also focus on the areas you find hardest. I advise making them with only a word or phrase either side, as they’re generally used for vocabulary.

Study in a group! I can assure you this doesn’t work for everyone, especially if you find yourselves getting easily distracted. If you can focus, studying with friends can make the whole experience much more enjoyable. Set challenges for each other! Getting a little competitive is never a bad thing :)

Remember: You’re doing this for fun. Don’t be too hard on yourself.

Here are all of the Routledge Grammar PDFs that I currently have. I’ll be updating whenever I find more. Let me know if there’s one in particular you want me to look for^^

Last Update: 2017/04/24

Fixed Intermediate Japanese: A Grammar and Workbook link 

Added books for Czech, English, French, French Creoles, Persian, Ukranian

Added more books in Cantonese, Danish, Greek, Polish, Spanish, Swedish

Arabic

Arabic: An Essential Grammar Basic Arabic: A Grammar and Workbook Modern Written Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar

Cantonese

Basic Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar Intermediate Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook

Czech

Czech: An Essential Grammar

Danish

Danish: A Comprehensive Grammar Danish: An Essential Grammar

Dutch

Basic Dutch: A Grammar and Workbook Dutch: A Comprehensive Grammar Dutch: An Essential Grammar Intermediate Dutch: A Grammar and Workbook

English

English: An Essential Grammar

Finnish

Finnish: An Essential Grammar

French

Modern French Grammar Workbook

French Creoles

French Creoles: A Comprehensive and Comparative Grammar

German

Basic German: A Grammar and Workbook German: An Essential Grammar Intermediate German: A Grammar and Workbook

Greek

Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar Greek: An Essential Grammar of the Modern Language

Hindi

Hindi: An Essential Grammar

Hebrew

Modern Hebrew: An Essential Grammar

Hungarian

Hungarian: An Essential Grammar

Indonesian

Indonesian: A Comprehensive Grammar

Irish

Basic Irish: A Grammar and Workbook Intermediate Irish: A Grammar and Workbook

Italian

Basic Italian: A Grammar and Workbook

Japanese

Basic Japanese: A Grammar and Workbook Intermediate Japanese: A Grammar and Workbook Japanese: A Comprehensive Grammar

Korean

Basic Korean: A Grammar and Workbook Intermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar

Latin

Intensive Basic Latin: A Grammar and Workbook Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook

Latvian

Latvian: An Essential Grammar

Mandarin Chinese

Basic Chinese: A Grammar and Workbook Intermediate Chinese: A Grammar and Workbook Chinese: A Comprehensive Grammar Chinese: An Essential Grammar

Norwegian

Norwegian: An Essential Grammar

Persian

Basic Persian: A Grammar and Workbook Intermediate Persian: A Grammar and Workbook

Polish

Basic Polish: A Grammar and Workbook Intermediate Polish: A Grammar and Workbook Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar Polish: An Essential Grammar

Portuguese

Portuguese: An Essential Grammar

Romanian

Romanian: An Essential Grammar

Russian

Basic Russian: A Grammar and Workbook Intermediate Russian: A Grammar and Workbook

Serbian

Serbian: An Essential Grammar

Spanish

Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook Intermediate Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook Spanish: An Essential Grammar

Swahili

Swahili Grammar and Workbook

Swedish

Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar Swedish: An Essential Grammar

Thai

Thai: An Essential Grammar

Turkish

Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

Ukrainian

Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar

Urdu

Urdu: An Essential Grammar

Welsh

Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar

Yiddish

Basic Yiddish: A Grammar and Textbook

Hope this helps everyone out a bit! Happy studying^^

- être en nage (being in swimming) : be dripping with sweat

- ça ne tombera pas plus bas (it won’t fall any lower) : after you dropped stg

- avoir raison/tort : be right/wrong

- ne pas être né-e de la dernière pluie (not being born from the last rain) : not be a fool

- cul sec (dry ass) : bottoms up

- en un clin d’oeil (in a blink of an eye) : quickly

- dans le sens des aiguilles d’une montre : clockwise

- à l’eau de rose (at rose water) : slushy, sentimental

- arrête ton cirque (stop your circus) : give it a rest

- fait maison : homemade

aborder | to address

accabler | to burden, to overwhelm

affreux (adj.) | awful

bafouiller | to babble

chavirer | to capsize

concevoir | to develop, to devise

la conquête [f] | conquest

le coup de boutoir [m] | blow

déchiré (adj.) | torn

dénué (adj.) | devoid

désinvolte (adj.) | casual

doré (adj.) | golden

éblouissant (adj.) | dazzling

éclabousser | to splash, to splatter

écraser | to crush

égaré (adj.) | lost, misplaced

efflanqué (adj.) | scrawny

éprouver | to experience

l’étourdissement [m] | dizziness

faire de la figuration | to be an extra; to bring nothing to the table

jaunâtre | yellowish

la laideur [f] | ugliness

las (adj.) | jaded

la lassitude [f] | fatigue

mépriser | to despise

la mondaine [f] | socialite

mordant (adj.) | biting, scathing

passager (adj.) | temporary, fleeting

propulser | propel

rancunier (adj.) | vindictive

s’allonger | to lie down

s’enfouir | to burrow

s’épuiser | to run out, to be exhausted

se lasser de | to get tired of

le soupir [m] | sigh

se replier | to fold over

silloner | to roam, to criss-cross

le veuf [m] | widower

1.  to attack / to defend - attaccare / difendere 2.  to open / to close - aprire / chiudere 3.  to begin / to end - iniziare / finire  4.  to break / to fix - rompere / aggiustare 5.  to love / to hate - amare / odiare 6.  to walk / to run - camminare / correre 7.  to give / to take - dare / prendere 8.  to throw / to catch - lanciare / prendere (al volo), afferrare 9.  to buy / to sell - comprare / vendere 10.  to come / to go - venire / andare 11.  to lend / to borrow - prestare (esp.: dare in prestito / prendere in prestito) 12.  to laugh / to cry - ridere / piangere 13.  to read / to write - leggere / scrivere 14.  to live / to die - vivere / morire 15.  to succeed / to fail - riuscire / fallire 16.  to lose / to find - perdere / trovare 17.  to melt / to freeze - sciogliere / congelare 18.  to speak / to listen - parlare / ascoltare 19.  to eat / to drink - mangiare / bere 20.  to ask / to answer - domandare, chiedere / rispondere 21.  to stand / to sit - alzarsi / sedersi 22.  to put on / to take off - indossare / togliere 23.  to allow / to forbid - permettere / proibire 24.  to wash / to dry  - lavare / asciugare 25.  to win / to lose - vincere / perdere 26. to scream / to whisper - urlare / sussurrare

A :

à : to (je vais à la plage : i’m going to the beach), at (elle est à la mairie : she is at the town hall), indirect object/complément d’attribution (c’est à moi : it’s mine), adverbial phrase of way (une peinture à l’huile : an oil painting), adverbial locution introducer (à l’instant : just now), price indicator (le kilo de pommes est à deux euros), infinitive form introducer (c’est à pleurer : it really is pathetic), approximation introducer (c’est à dix minutes d’ici : it’s about ten mn away), against (dos à dos), after (pas à pas), until (aimer à la folie)…

après : after (je te rejoins après le travail : i’ll join you after work)

avant : before (je me suis levée avant toi : i got up before you did)

avec : with (je vis avec mes deux chats : i live with my two cats)

C :

chez : at X’s (- where are you ? - chez mon père)

concernant : regarding, about (concernant le courrier, a-t-il été envoyé ? : about the mail, has it been sent ?)

contre : against (je suis contre ta décision : i stand against your decision, il est assis contre le mur : he’s sitting against the wall)

D :

dans : in (je suis dans la baignoire : i’m in the bathtub)

d’après : according to (d’après victor hugo, fantine est blonde)

de : of (au bout de la rue : at the end of the street)

dedans : inside (is sophie out of the garage ? non, elle est encore dedans)

dehors : outside (va dehors, il faut beau : go outside, it’s a beautiful day)

depuis : since (i’ve been swimming since i was nine : je nage depuis que j’ai neuf ans), from (tout était beau, depuis la décoration jusqu’aux couleurs : everything was lovely, from the decoration to the colours)

derrière : behind (elle est juste derrière toi)

dès : as soon as (je te préviens dès que j’arrive : i’ll let you know as soon as i get there), immediately (if i could, je partirais dès maintenant)

dessous : under (la clé était dessous le lit : the key was under the bed)

dessus : on (le chat est assis dessus : the cat is sitting on it), 

devant : in front of (j’attends devant la maison : i’m waiting in front of the house)

durant : during (il est mort durant la famine : he died during the famine), for (elle a vécu là-bas durant des années : she lived there for years)

E :

en : at (je suis nul en français : i’m bad at french), material indicator (une table en bois : a wooden table), change indicator (elle s’est transformée en une belle femme forte : she turned into a beautiful, strong woman), division mood (couper en deux : cut in two pieces), during (en hiver, j’ai toujours un rhume : during winter, i always get a cold), gerundive element (elle tomba en criant : she fell, screaming), shape/appearance indicator (un arbre en fleurs : a blossoming tree)

entre : between/out of (entre tous les garçons, louis est le plus grand : out of all of the boys, louis is the tallest)

envers : towards/to (il est méchant envers elle : he’s mean to her)

ès : in (licencié-e ès sciences : bachelor of sciences) - rare, uni titles

excepté : except (exceptée louise, elles sont toutes arrivées)

H :

hormis : except (hormis pierre, nous avons tout le permis : except from pierre, we all have a driving license)

hors : out of (il est hors de lui : he’s beside himself)

J :

jusque/jusqu’à : until (elles s’aimèrent jusqu’à ce que la mort les sépare : they loved each other until death parted them)

M :

malgré : despite (elle est venue malgré sa grippe : she came despite her flu)

moyennant : in exchange for (moyennant un changement de comportement, tu pourras rester (if you change your behaviour, you’ll be allowed to stay)

N : 

nonobstant : in spite of (”charles myriel, nonobstant ce mariage, avait, disait-on, beaucoup fait parler de lui” les misérables) - rare

O :

ôté : taken of from (6 ôté de 10 égale 4)

outre : besides (outre mes deux cafés, je n’ai encore rien bu aujourd’hui : besides my two cups of coffee, i haven’t drunk anything today)

P :

par : by (la joconde a été painte par léonard de vinci), direction indicator (il est parti par là : he went that way), with (son nom commence par une voyelle : her name starts with a vowel), per (j’en prends trois par jour : i take three per days)

parmi : amongst (parmi mes amies, tu es la plus petite : you’re the smallest of all of my friends)

passé : after/past (passé les grandes villes, tu ne trouves de tofu dans aucun magasin : past big cities, you can’t find tofu in any store)

pendant : during (je t’appellerai pendant ma pause : i’ll call you during my break)

pour : for (je suis là pour toi : i’m here for you), to (je pars pour paris : i’m going to paris), according to (pour moi, tu fais une erreur (in my opinion, you’re making a mistake)

près : near (je suis près de strasbourg : i’m near strasbourg)

S :

sans : without (je suis sans voix : i am speechless)

sauf : except (j’aime tout sauf les pruneaux : i’ll eat everything but prunes)

selon : according to (selon moi, tu as tort : i’d say you’re wrong)

sous : under (j’ai des cernes sous les yeux : i have bags under my eyes)

suivant : according to (suivant ce que j’ai entendu, il ne reviendra pas : according to what i’ve heard, he won’t come back)

sur : on (j’ai laissé les clés sur la table : i’ve left the keys on the table), about (c’est un film sur la guerre : it’s a movie about the war), towards (regarde sur ta droite : look on your right), out of (deux enfants sur trois ont les yeux marron : two kids out of three have brown eyes)

V :

vers : towards (elle avance vers moi : she’s coming towards me), somewhere around (elle habite vers l’église : she lives near the church), about (elle est rentrée vers minuit : she got home around midnight)

voici : here is/are (voici mon fils : here’s my son)

voilà : there is/are (et voilà les miens : and there are mine), it’s been (voilà deux ans que je ne les avais pas vues : it’d been two years since i saw them)

vu : given (vu la situation, c’est mieux comme ça : given the circumstances, that’s better that way) - casual

- baby’s breath : une gypsophile 

- begonia : un bégonia

- bellflower : une campanille

- bindweed : un liseron

- buttercup : un bouton d’or

- carnation : un oeillet

- cherry blossom : une fleur de cerisier

- chrysanthemum : un chrysanthème

- cornflower : un bleuet

- cowslip : un coucou

- daffodil : une jonquille 

- daisy : une pâquerette 

- dandelion : un pissenlit

- dog rose : une églantine

- forget-me-not : un myosotis 

- gladiolus : un glaïeul 

- hawthorn : une aubépine

- honeysuckle : un chèvrefeuille 

- hyacinth : une jacinthe

- hydrangea : un hortensia

- jasmine : du jasmin

- lavender : de la lavande

- lilac : un lilas 

- lily : un lys/lis

- lily of the valley : du muguet

- marigold : un souci 

- mistletoe : du gui 

- morning glory : une belle de jour

- narcissus : une narcisse

- nasturtium : une capucine

- orchid : une orchidée

- oxeye daisy : une marguerite

- pansy : une pensée

- peony : une pivoine

- periwinkle : une pervenche

- poppy : un coquelicot

- primrose : une primevère

- rose : une rose

- snapdragon : un muflier

- snowdrop : un perce-neige 

- sunflower : un tournesol 

- sweet pea : un pois de senteur

- thistle : un chardon 

- tulip : une tulipe 

- violet : une violette

- wallflower : une giroflée

- water lily : un nénuphar

- white water lily : un nymphéa

- windflower : une anémone

- wisteria : une glycine 

- woodruff : une aspérule

parts of a flower and extra voc : 

la feuille : the leave, le pollen : pollen, la tige : the stem, le pétale : petal, le bouton : the bud, la graine : the seed, une épine : a thorn, le pistil : a pistil, une bouture : a cutting ; faire pousser : to grow, cueillir : to pick, éclore : to bloom, fleurir : to blossom, s’ouvrir : to open out, se faner : to wither, tailler : to prune.

what is transparent or almost : 

— A2 vocab: —

gute Eigenschaften / Characterzüge - good character traits

bescheiden - modest

ehrlich - honest

ernst - serious

fleißig ≈ arbeitsam - diligent, hard-working

fröhlich - cheerful

geduldig - patient

gerecht - rightful

höflich - polite

klug - smart

intelligent - intelligent

interessant - interesting

lustig - funny

mutig - brave

nett ≈  freundlich - nice, friendly

offen - open

ruhig - calm, quiet

selbstsicher ≈ selbstbewusst - self-confident

sympathisch - pleasant

tolerant - tolerant

treu - faithful, loyal

vernünftig - reasonable

— B2 vocab —

anpassungsfähig - flexible, adaptable

aufrichtig - straightforward

ausgeglichen - balanced

gehemmt - inhibited

großzügig - generous

hilfsbereit - helpful

kultiviert - cultured

locker - relaxed, cool

mitfühlend - sympathetic

reif - mature

respektvoll - respectful

rücksichtsvoll - considerate

selbstlos - unselfish

sensibel - sensitive

taktvoll - tactful

temperamentvoll - temperamental

verantwortungsbewusst - responsible

~ English ~

Green day: I am a big Green Day fan so they’re the first band I thought of when I started making this post - American Idiot - Holiday: probably their most powerful (and political) song. It’s an anti-war song which criticizes the Bush administration and the war in Iraq, it urges the people not to just sit back and watch things happen like they’re taking a holiday, but to stand up and do something about it. - Revolution radio (about modern politics in the USA) - Bang Bang (about mass shootings in America)

I give you power - Arcade fire 

A hard rain’s a-gonna fall - Bob Dylan

People live here - Rise against

If you tolerate this your children will be next - Manic Street Preachers 

Rock the casbah - The Clash

Sunday bloody sunday - U2

The revolution will not be televised - Gill Scott-Heron

Drive - R.E.M.

Another brick in the wall - Pink Floyd 

King park - La Dispute 

~ French ~

Renaud: I was raised listening to his songs because he’s my Dad favorite artist. Renaud is known for his polemic songs criticizing the French society. What I love about him is that he attacks every one and every thing about France and French society, but you can see that whatever what he says, he still loves France  - Hexagone - Société tu m’auras pas  - Morts les enfants 

Saez: basically all of his songs are protest songs so here are some of his most known ones:  - Jeune et con - J’accuse  - Jeunesse lève-toi  - Fils de france 

Kery James: he made a lot of polemic songs, some love him and others hate him but whatever you think about his songs, you can’t ignore how powerful they are. I recommend Lettre à la république, a song about racism and the consequences of the colonization. 

Medine: he made a whole series of songs called “Enfant du destin” (Child of the destiny) where in each song he tells the story of a different child who suffers because of conflicts, poverty etc. The series of songs include: - Nour (a girl from Myanmar) - David (a boy from Israel) - But my favorite one is Kounta Kinte, which was inspired by the excellent book “Roots” by Alex Haley

Le déserteur - Boris Vian. I had to include this song: it’s an old one but in my opinion it’s one of the most beautiful French songs

Suicide social - Orelsan (definitely not politically correct, but a very good song anyway), you can also check out Basique

~ Spanish ~

Canción Con Todos - Mercedes Sosa

Hasta siempre comandante - Carlos Puebla 

Calle 13 -  Latinoamérica (I LOVE this song, it’s a beautiful description of  latin america) 

Marcha la bronca - Pedro y Pablo 

~ Portuguese ~ 

O Tempo Não Pára - Cazuca 

Que pais é esse? - Legião Urbana

Tô Feliz - Gabriel o Pensador 

Ainda ha tempo - Criolo Doido 

Because sometimes traurig/glücklich just doesn’t cut it.

Key: pej. = pejorative

1. abgeneigt - loathe, averse, antipathetic Ex: Andererseits bin ich auch nicht abgeneigt, diese Termine wahrzunehmen. Tr: On the other hand, I’m not averse to keeping these appointments.

2. behütet (pej.) - sheltered, protected Ex: Dutt arbeitet in einem Umfeld, das Kritiker schon zu behütet finden. Tr: Dutt works in an environment that critics find too sheltered.

3. leidenschaftlich - earnest, passionate, ardent Ex: Sie ist sportlich, spielt leidenschaftlich gerne Tennis und reitet. Tr: She’s sporty, plays tennis passionately, and rides.

4. wutentbrannt - furious, inflamed with rage Ex: Da sprang er auf und lief wutentbrannt hinaus und knallte die Tür hinter sich zu. Tr: Then he jumped up and ran out furiously and slammed the door behind him.

5. ohnmächtig - helpless, powerless, also unconscious Ex: Den neuen Entwicklungen mussten wir ohnmächtig zusehen. Tr: We had to helplessly watch the new developments.

6. jähzornig - hot-tempered, easily-angered, irascible Ex: Mein Onkel ist ein sehr jähzorniger Mensch. Tr: My uncle is a very hot-tempered person.

7. fürsorglich - caring, considerate Ex: Ist alles in Ordnung?, fragte er fürsorglich. Tr: Is everything okay?, he thoughtfully asked.

8. erwartungsvoll - expectant, hopeful, full of expectation Ex: Immer wieder schauten alle erwartungsvoll auf die kleine Bühne. Tr: Again and again everyone was looking expectantly at the small stage.

9. befriedigt - satisfied, content, pleased Ex: Wir sind befriedigt über das Resultat, andererseits aber tief betroffen über die Vorfälle. Tr: We’re satisfied with the result, but on the other hand, deeply concerned about the events.

10. verblüfft - amazed, bewildered, flabbergasted Ex: Volkswirte zeigten sich in ersten Reaktionen verblüfft. Tr: Economists were bewildered in their initial reactions.