Science can help us understand the connections between trauma and suicide.
trying on a metaphor

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@artpsycheandmadness
Science can help us understand the connections between trauma and suicide.

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A new 14-item questionnaire gauges various motivations for seeking solitude.
Despite the easing of taboos and the rise of hookup apps, Americans are in the midst of a sex recession.
Very often we donât go elsewhere because we are looking for another person. We go elsewhere because we are looking for another self. It isnât so much that we want to leave the person we are with as we want to leave the person we have become.
Esther Perel (via quotemadness)
Three Girls on the Jetty, 1903, Edvard Munch
Medium: oil,canvas
https://www.wikiart.org/en/edvard-munch/three-girls-on-the-jetty-1903

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You may not control all the events that happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them.
Maya Angelou (via onlinecounsellingcollege)
Man and Woman II, 1915, Edvard Munch
Medium: oil,canvas
https://www.wikiart.org/en/edvard-munch/man-and-woman-ii-1915
Amazon.com: The Age of Perversion (Psychoanalysis in a New Key Book Series) (9781138849211): Danielle Knafo, Rocco Lo Bosco: Books
Freudâs terms âprimary processâ and âsecondary processâ designate two opposed yet nevertheless complementary modes of functioning within the psychic apparatus.
Freudâs terms âprimary processâ and âsecondary processâ designate two opposed yet nevertheless complementary modes of functioning within the psychic apparatus. The primary processes, directly animated by the drives, serve the pleasure principle and work to actualize a free flow of psychic energy. Secondary processes, which presuppose the binding of this energy, intervene as a system of control and regulation in the service of the reality principle. Psychical life is entirely regulated by the equilibrium between these two types of processes, which varies between subjects and at different points in time.
Roger Perron - Genèse de la personne (Le psychologue). Presses universitaires de France (rĂŠĂŠdition numĂŠrique FeniXX) (18 Sept. 2015)Â
The Kochi-Muziris Biennale, South Asiaâs biggest art show, uses interactive exhibits and live performances to help Indians connect with contemporary art.

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The Scream, 1893, Edvard Munch
Medium: pastel,cardboard
https://www.wikiart.org/en/edvard-munch/the-scream-1893-1
This intimate portrait of the Polish artist Stanislaw Szukalski wrestles with questions about whether and how art can be separated from the artist.
âHomosexuality Is ... Nothing To Be Ashamed Ofâ Said Freud
Freud was wrong about almost everything. But he had a couple redeeming qualities, among them that he did not consider homosexuality an illness or something to be eradicated. Which was extremely ahead of his time. In 1935, psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud was contacted by a worried mother. She was seeking treatment for her son, who was apparently gay. Freud believed that all humans are attracted to both sexes in some capacity. So he responded with the following letter of advice:
Dear Mrs [Erased],
I gather from your letter that your son is a homosexual. I am most impressed by the fact that you do not mention this term yourself in your information about him. May I question you why you avoid it? Homosexuality is assuredly no advantage, but it is nothing to be ashamed of, no vice, no degradation; it cannot be classified as an illness; we consider it to be a variation of the sexual function, produced by a certain arrest of sexual development. Many highly respectable individuals of ancient and modern times have been homosexuals, several of the greatest men among them. (Plato, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, etc). It is a great injustice to persecute homosexuality as a crime â and a cruelty, too. If you do not believe me, read the books of Havelock Ellis.
By asking me if I can help, you mean, I suppose, if I can abolish homosexuality and make normal heterosexuality take its place. The answer is, in a general way we cannot promise to achieve it. In a certain number of cases we succeed in developing the blighted germs of heterosexual tendencies, which are present in every homosexual in the majority of cases it is no more possible. It is a question of the quality and the age of the individual. The result of treatment cannot be predicted.
What analysis can do for your son runs on a different line. If he is unhappy, neurotic, torn by conflicts, inhibited in his social life, analysis may bring him harmony, peace of mind, full efficiency, whether he remains a homosexual or gets changed. If you make up your mind he should have analysis with me â I donât expect you will â he has to come over to Vienna. I have no intention of leaving here. However, donât neglect to give me your answer.
Sincerely yours with best wishes,
Freud
Why do we dream?
In the 3rd millennium BCE, Mesopotamian kings recorded and interpreted their dreams on wax tablets. In the years since, we havenât paused in our quest to understand why we dream. And while we still donât have any definitive answers, we have some theories. Here are seven reasons we might dream.
1. In the early 1900âs, Sigmund Freud proposed that while all of our dreams, including our nightmares, are a collection of images from our daily conscious lives, they also have symbolic meanings which relate to the fulfillment of our subconscious wishes. Â Freud theorized that everything we remember when we wake up from a dream is a symbolic representation of our unconscious, primitive thoughts, urges and desires. Freud believed that by analyzing those remembered elements, the unconscious content would be revealed to our conscious mind, and psychological issues stemming from its repression could be addressed and resolved.
2. To increase performance on certain mental tasks, sleep is good, but dreaming while sleeping is better.  In 2010, researchers found that subjects were much better at getting through a complex 3D maze if they had napped and dreamed of the maze prior to their second attempt. In fact, they were up to ten times better at it than those who only thought of the maze while awake between attempts, and those who napped but did not dream about the maze. Researchers theorize that certain memory processes can happen only when we are asleep, and our dreams are a signal that these processes are taking place.
3. There are about ten thousand trillion neural connections within the architecture of your brain. They are created by everything you think, and everything you do.  A 1983 neurobiological theory of dreaming, called âreverse learning,â holds that while sleeping, and mainly during REM sleep cycles, your neocortex reviews these neural connections and dumps the unnecessary ones. Without this unlearning process, which results in your dreams, your brain could be overrun by useless connections, and parasitic thoughts could disrupt the necessary thinking you need to do while youâre awake.  Â
4. The âContinual Activation Theoryâ proposes that your dreams result from your brainâs need to constantly consolidate and create long term memories in order to function properly. So when external input falls below a certain level, like when youâre asleep, your brain automatically triggers the generation of data from its memory storages, which appear to you in the form of the thoughts and feelings you experience in your dreams. In other words, your dreams might be a random screensaver your brain turns on so it doesnât completely shut down. Â Â
5. Dreams involving dangerous and threatening situations are very common, and the Primitive Instinct Rehearsal Theory holds that the content of a dream is significant to its purpose.  Whether itâs an anxiety filled night of being chased through the woods by a bear, or fighting off a ninja in a dark alley, these dreams allow you to practice your fight or flight instincts and keep them sharp and dependable, in case youâll need them in real life. But it doesnât always have to be unpleasant; for instance, dreams about your attractive neighbor could actually give your reproductive instinct some practice too.
6. Stress neurotransmitters in the brain are much less active during the REM stage of sleep, even during dreams of traumatic experiences, leading some researchers to theorize that one purpose of dreaming is to take the edge off painful experiences to allow for psychological healing. Reviewing traumatic events in your dreams with less mental stress may grant you a clearer perspective and an enhanced ability to process them in psychologically healthy ways. People with certain mood disorders and PTSD often have difficulty sleeping, leading some scientists to believe that lack of dreaming may be a contributing factor to their illnesses. Â Â
7. Unconstrained by reality and the rules of conventional logic, in your dreams your mind can create limitless scenarios to help you grasp problems and formulate solutions that you may not consider while awake. John Steinbeck called it âthe Committee of Sleepâ and research has demonstrated the effectiveness of dreaming on problem solving. Itâs also how renowned chemist August Kekule discovered the structure of the benzene molecule, and itâs the reason that sometimes the best solution for a problem is to âsleep on itâ.
And those are just a few of the more prominent theories. As technology increases our capability for understanding the brain, itâs possible that one day we will discover the definitive reason for them; but until that time arrives, weâll just have to keep on dreaming.
From the TED-Ed Lesson Why do we dream? - Amy Adkins
Animation by @clamanne
Brain Activity Pattern May Be Early Sign of Schizophrenia
Research identified a pattern of brain activity correlated with development of schizophrenia, which they say could be used as a marker to diagnose the disease earlier.
The research is in Molecular Psychiatry. (full access paywall)
For example, in most people, a part of the brain known as the superior temporal gyrus, which is involved in auditory processing, is highly connected to brain regions involved in sensory perception and motor control. However, in patients who developed psychosis, the superior temporal gyrus became more connected to limbic regions, which are involved in processing emotions. This could help explain why patients with schizophrenia usually experience auditory hallucinations, the researchers say. Meanwhile, the high-risk subjects who did not develop psychosis showed network connectivity nearly identical to that of the healthy subjects.

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Male Nude, Egon Schiele
Medium: watercolor,paper
https://www.wikiart.org/en/egon-schiele/male-nude
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