Archaeologs

Pugio

Roman origin. (Greek μάχαιρα). A short dagger, without a sheath, worn by officers of high rank.

Zophorus

Greek and Roman origin. (ζωφόρος). Literally, bearing animals, and thence a frieze, decorated with figures of animals, conventional or real.

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Unique Discovery in Sardis Set to Illuminate Anatolian Archaeology

Excavations at the ancient city of Sardis in Manisa have unearthed a nearly 2,500-year-old statue of a young man, dating to the first half of the 5th century BC. Standing 2.2 meters tall, the marble statue is considered one of the rare examples of sculptural art from the period, notable for its monumental scale, excellent state of preservation, and striking detail.

Danebury

An Iron Age hillfort in Hampshire, England, dating to the 6th century BC. The defenses were built with a timber-laced rampart, remodeled twice, and the main gateway is just as old. Within the ramparts, there was a permanent settlement. By the 4th century, rows of 4- and 6-post structures, flanked the roads, but were later replaced by circular houses. The site was abandoned c 100 BC.

Yardang

Elongate, eroded landform resembling the hull of an inverted boat. It is created by wind erosion of weakly consolidated rocks and often has smooth, rounded intermittent troughs. They are usually associated with deserts.

Apedemak

A lionheaded deity with cult centers at Musawwarat el-Sufra and Naqa in Sudan.

Fyrkat

A great circular fortress in northern Jutland dating to the mid-10th century AD. Fyrkat, close to the open sea, is now generally believed to have been a royal center rather than an encampment for warriors. Like the other Trelleborg-type fortresses, the site was probably abandoned early in the 11th century as the Danish kings founded new towns and built small palaces in them.

Jadeite Axe

Thin highly polished unperforated implements, probably for ceremonial use. Examples date mainly from the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in northwest Europe.

Aniba

The site of a cemetery and settlement in Lower Nubia, founded as an Egyptian fortress in the Middle Kingdom (2055-1650 BC). It is near the gold-mining region of Nubia.

Book of the Dead

The modern name given to a collection of ancient Egyptian mortuary texts made up of spells or magic formulas, placed in tombs and believed to protect and aid the deceased in the hereafter. The collection, literally titled The Chapters of Coming-Forth-by-Day received its present name from Karl Richard Lepsius, German Egyptologist who published the first collection of the texts in 1842.

Secrets of the Byzantine Deep: The Shipwrecks of Knidos

Imagine piloting a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) through the pitch-black waters of the Aegean Sea, hundreds of meters below the surface, only for your camera lights to catch a massive, perfectly preserved pile of thousand-year-old clay jars.

Pithecanthropus

The former genus name assigned to fossil hominids including Java man and Peking man, both now classified as Homo erectus.

Drakensberg

A South African mountain range forming the southern and eastern boundary of Lesotho where there is an abundance of Stone Age rock paintings.

Aleria

An island colony in eastern Corsica, founded from Phocaea (Turkey) in the 6th century BC. There are similarities to Etrusca in the tombs and Etruscan artifacts.