공부!

천상의 몸짓 - MyWedding September 2016

Hanbok: 숙현한복

Hair & Makeup:  헤움 (조수현 & 김은남)

Bottari

2011

Kim Sooja

살 - Age

마리 - Animals

권 - Books

병 -Bottles

채 - Buildings

송이 - Bunch (Of fruit), Flowers

대 - Cars, Machines

일 - Days

판 - Edition

개 - General

잔 - Glass, Cup

층 - Floor

인분 - Food serving

시 - O’clock

통 - Package

장 - Paper

자루 - Pencils, Pens, Knives

명 - People

사람 - People

분 - People (Honorific form)

초 - Second

켤레 - Shoes

번 - Times ( 2 times, 3 times, etc…)

그루 - Trees

주 - Weeks

• the narrators talk sooo slow (especially in nature documentaries !!!)

• slow enough that you almost don’t need subtitles which makes you feel super cool

• it gives you a picture of how people actually talk (better than school or an app can) without being too slang-heavy (like a tv show or movie can be)

• lots of times they interview people who talk less formally which is the perfect mix of formal and informal!

Manner:

매우- very

아주- very

혼자- alone

함께- together

상당히- quite

진짜로- really

실제로- really

빨리- quickly

제대로- well

잘- well

열심히- hard

천천히- slowly

신중하게- carefully

거의- hardly

간신히- barely

가까스로- barely

주로- mostly

전적으로- absolutely

Time:

오늘- today

어제- yesterday

내일- tomorrow

매일- everyday

지금- now

그때- then

나중에- later

후에- later

바로- immediately

즉시- immediately

곧- soon

이미- already

최근에- recently

요즘- recently, these days, lately

아직(도)- still, yet

전에- ago

다음- next

지난- last

Frequency:

절대- never

드물게- rarely

가끔- sometimes

보통- usually

대개- usually

항상- always

늘- always

자주- frequently

흔히- frequently

Place:

여기- here

저기- there, over there

거기- there

저쪽에- over there

모든곳- everywhere

어디나- everywhere

어디든- anywhere

아무데나- anywhere

아무데도- nowhere

어디에도- nowhere

떨어져- away

바깥에- out (out there)

–Ana

Using this grammar point you will be able to express your thoughts and actions in a specific point of time in Korean. This grammar point is two fold, and we’ll break it down to look at both parts of the grammar point in today’s post.

First, let’s talk about 때. When 때 is combined with certain nouns, it expresses a set time, or block of time. Most often you’ll see 때 used with time indicators like 저녁 or 아침, but it can also be used with words like 방학, 휴가, 고등학교, etc.

Using 때 combined with a noun if fairly simple. 때 follows the noun that the block of time is meant to indicate. For example:

오늘 저녁 때 뭐 해요? What will you do during dinner time today?

이번 여름방학 때 어디로 갈 거예요? Where will you go during this summer vacation?

선생님들은 회의 때 시험에 대해 얘기했어요. During the meeting, the teachers talked about the test.

In this way, you can see using 때 plus a noun is fairly straight forward. This brings us to the second part of the lesson: combining 때 with -을.

By using -을 때, this enables you to use 때 with verbs, adjectives, and 있다/없다, thereby not limited yourself to strictly nouns any longer. This will allow you to form more complex sentences. For example, compare the following two phrases:

저녁 때 During dinner time

빵을 먹을 때 While I eat bread

In the former example you are referring only to dinner time itself, as a time of day. It can be assumed you’re eating based on context clues or you might already be done, but in the latter example, you can specifically say what it was you are doing while eating.

-을 때 is used with verbs, adjectives, and 있다/없다. -을 때 is used with word stems ending in a consonant. -ㄹ 때 is used with word stems ending in a vowel.

공부하다: 공부하 + ㄹ 때 →  공부할 때 (while studying) 받다: 받 + 을때 →  받을 때 (when receiving)

저는 공부할 때 문법만 공부해요. When I study, I only study grammar.

돈을 받을 때 행복해요. When I receive money, I am happy.

Now technically, using -을 with 때 would indicate a future tense, but that’s not strictly the case with this grammar point. -을 때 can also be used to just reference general time (not past, present, or future specifically), as I have indicated above with the English translations of the example sentences.

On the opposite side, -을 때 can be used with the past tense if you want to indicate something happened in the past, however there are separate implications of using the past tense form of -을 때 compared to general tense -을 때, that we will look at in it’s own lesson later on.

As far as sentence particles go, normally the time marker -에 is used following 때, however it can be omitted with no change to the sentence. Additionally, you can use other sentence particles following 때 to make even more complex sentences. Such as using -를 to form subject phrases, or -마다, -부터, or -만. We’ll look at making these more complex sentences in a future lesson.

Keep in mind there are irregular conjugation rules that apply to this grammar point, most notably ㄹ, ㄷ, and ㅂ irregulars:

The stems of all words ending in ㄹ are followed by -때 and not -을 때, because ㄹ irregular verbs/adjectives are treated as if they end in a vowel.

If a ㄷ irregular verb is followed by a vowel, the ㄷ is changed to ㄹ instead and -을 때 is added.

ㅂ irregular adjectives have the final ㅂ dropped and replaced with 우, to which -ㄹ 때 is added.

For an in depth look at the seven different types of irregular Korean verbs and adjective rules please see my guide linked above. :)

Note: Although -을 때 and 언제 can be both be translated as “when” in English, they have different meanings/functions in Korean. The function of -을 때 is to connect a block of time an action occurs with another clause, whereas 언제 functions only as an interrogative like “when?” or “what time?”.

Great question. This is really really important so listen up, y’all.

To understand why you shouldn’t use this word, you need to understand why it exists in the first place. There 3 main reasons why the word 당신 is used in Korean, and a 4th reason that’s not used very much at all.

Basically, you should only use 당신 if:

1. You’re talking to your husband/wife. -당신 is a very blunt way of saying “you”. The only way you can use it in polite conversation without offending anyone is with someone you are extremely close/intimate with. Married-for-a-million-years close, and even then only if they say it’s okay. You cannot use 당신 with your boyfriend/girlfriend. You cannot use it with your best friend. You can’t use it with your parents. You can’t use it with your co-workers. You cannot use it with your dog. They will get offended. In addition, generally only older/middle aged couples will use 당신 with each other. It isn’t a word younger couples tend to use.

2. The listener/audience is not a specific person.-It’s okay to use 당신 in songs and advertisements. That’s because they are impersonal broadcasts or communications to a non-specific audience. Here’s a screencap from an advertisement using 당신:

This is fine, because the creators have no way of knowing that you personally are going to see their advertisement. The vocalist has no way of knowing that you personally are going to hear their song. Additionally, neither the advertisers or the singers of our hypothetical song are standing in front of you using the word 당신. They are physically somewhere else. And when they created the advertisement/lyrics? You physically were somewhere else. So using 당신 in the absence of an actual person/audience is fine. It’s not directed at someone specifically, so it’s not rude.

3. You want to start a fight.-This is pretty self explanatory. Using 당신 with someone else who isn’t your husband/wife (see #1) is belittling and extremely rude. If you use 당신 with someone, they are going to get upset and yell at you. If you use 당신 with someone you’re already actively fighting with, they’re probably going to hit you. Pay attention the next time you’re watching a Korean drama and the leads start arguing–chances are you’ll hear a 당신 or two being thrown around.

These are the three most common reasons for the uses of 당신. The fourth reason is when using 당신 as a 3rd person reflexive pronoun, but it is used so very infrequently this way in Korean that it’s not really even worth remembering at all.

As for what you can use instead: it depends on what the situation is/who you’re speaking with.

Most Korean learners are familiar with the word ‘너’. This is another informal way of saying “you”. You can use this with close friends/your kids/someone you speak to regularly with in 반말, etc.

In other situations it’s better to use someone’s name, title, or job title instead of directly addressing them as “you” combined with ‘-은/는요’ if you HAVE to imply ‘you’ for whatever reason. For example:

레오: 매일 커피를 마셔요?켄: 아니요, 커피를 보통 안 마셔요. 레오 씨는요?

Leo: Do you drink coffee everyday?Ken: No, I don’t usually drink it. What about [you]?

선생님: 요즘 바빠요?학생: 네, 매일 8시간동안 공부해요. 선생님은요?

Teacher: Are you busy lately?Student: Yes, I study for 8 hours everyday. And [you]?

You can also use -는 with 너 if you wanted (”너는?”) and again, that’s pretty informal.

If you don’t know someone’s name or title and absolutely have to say “you” when addressing a stranger then you can use something like 그쪽, but this more formal and implies the person is above you in social status. You might be able to get away with it if this stranger isn’t someone you ever expect to meet again and this will be the only time you talk to them. But if it’s someone you think you’ll end up interacting with regularly, you might as well just ask them their name and use that instead.

In general, spoken Korean tends to drop pronouns anyway. If you’re speaking naturally you wouldn’t really be using ‘you’ or other pronouns very often.

Korean Grammar “이에요 / 예요”

We’re finally back with another grammar post, this time it’s all about “이에요 / 예요”. 

Nouns ending in a final consonant use 이에요. 

Nouns ending in a final vowel use 예요.

After reading this lesson, can you take these nouns and make a sentence with them?

쌓이는 그림들-공작그림

2009

Miro Kim

No one likes bland food, so obviously no one likes bland food descriptions. Due to Korea’s love for food, there’s an incredible amount of ways to describe food. We’re going to look at some fun ways to describe food beyond the basic 맵다, 달다, etc. Because there are so many adjectives, they each have subtle differences, so each one has an example with it. These are arranged from top to bottom by strength.

Girl you salty,

짜디짜다 – Too salty. (Ex. saltines) 짜디짠 바닷물을 마시니까 정신이 번쩍 든다. - Drinking the really salty seawater shocks me back to my senses.

짭조름하다 – Slightly salty. (Ex. seaweed) 바다에 오니까 공기에서 짭조름한 맛이 느껴져. - Just coming to the beach I can taste the saltiness in the air.

짭짤하다 – Slightly salty, but makes you want to keep eating it. (Ex. potato chips) 맥도날드에서 프랜치 후라이를 더 짭짤하게 먹고 싶으면 소금 더 쳐달라고 하면 돼. - If you want your fries to be extra salty at McDonalds, then you can ask them to put more salt on.

간간하다 – Just the right amount of saltiness (Ex. soup) 설랑탕의 간이 간간해서 딱 좋아. - The ox-bone soup’s perfect because the seasoning is on point.

Don’t be bitter,

쓰디쓰다 – Very bitter (ex. Espresso) 이 쓰디쓴 에스프레소를 내 고독과 마신다. - I drink this overly bitter espresso with my solitude.

쌉쌀하다 – Bitter (ex. Coffee, Medicine) 티백을 너무 오래 두면 맛이 쌉쌀해지더라. - If you leave a teabag in too long it’ll become bitter.

씁쓰름하다 – Slightly bitter (ex. Arugula) 봄나물은 씁쓰름한 맛에 먹는거지. - You eat the spring greens to taste the slight bitterness.

Blander than bland-flakes,

밍밍하다 / 맹맹하다 – Very bland, no taste 이 주스 너무 밍밍한데? 물 탄 거 아니야? - This juice is too bland. Is it mixed with water?

심심하다 – Bland (also means boring) 간을 안한 스크램블 에그는 너무 심심하지 않아? - Aren’t unseasoned scrambled eggs a bit bland (boring)?

In my experience: 제 경험으로는,  제 결험으로 볼 때

Judging from my experience: 제 경험으로 판단한건데

According to the stats, 통계에 따르면

One study shows that 한 보고서에 따르면 ~다고 한다

According to the experts 전문가에 따르면

Everyone would agree that ~은 다 아는 사실이다

I think you all would agree that ~다는 데에 여러분 모두 동의하실 거다

It’s common sense that ~다는 것은 상식이다

Everyone would admit that ~다는 사실을 모두가 인정한다

Nobody can deny that ~다는 것을 부정하는 사람은 없을 것이다, ~다는 것은 누구도 부인할 수 없다

It is an undenyable fact that ~다는 사실을 부정할 수 없다.

Considering that ~다는 것을 고려해본다면

We can come to the conclusion that ~다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다

In conclusion, 결론적으로

Consequently, 결과적으로

____________________________________________

Red, Green, and Blue

Ja-Young Ku

2013