The Type of Knowledge of Allāh and Īmān is Superior to the Type of Action with the Limbs and Pillars
Ibn Rajab said:Ibn ʿAbbās said regarding the statement of Allāh: {إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ} — “It is only those who have knowledge among His slaves who fear Allāh” — “None fear Me from among My slaves except the one who knows My Majesty, My Pride, and My Greatness.”
Thus, the best of knowledge is knowledge of Allāh. It is knowledge of His Names, His Attributes, and His Actions — knowledge which necessitates for its possessor true maʿrifah (knowledge) of Allāh, fear of Him, love of Him, awe of Him, veneration of Him, and glorification of Him; along with turning to Him alone, relying upon Him, being pleased with Him, and being occupied with Him rather than with His creation.
This is followed by knowledge of His angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day and its details, and knowledge of Allāh’s commands, prohibitions, legislations, and rulings.
It includes knowledge of what He loves from His slaves of both inward and outward statements and actions, and what He hates from His slaves of both inward and outward statements and actions.
Whoever gathers these sciences is from the Rabbānī scholars — the scholars of Allāh, the scholars of the command of Allāh.
They are more complete than those whose knowledge is limited to knowledge of Allāh without knowledge of His command, and vice versa.
The witness to this is the state of al-Ḥasan, Ibn al-Musayyab, ath-Thawrī, Aḥmad, and others from the Rabbānī scholars, as well as the state of Mālik ibn Dīnār, al-Fuḍayl ibn ʿIyāḍ, Maʿrūf, Bishr, and others from the ʿĀrifīn (those who possess true maʿrifah).
Whoever compares between the two states will recognize the superiority of the scholars of Allāh and His command over those who are scholars of Allāh only.
So what then is the view regarding the superiority of the scholars of Allāh and His command over those who are scholars of His command only?
This is clear and has no ambiguity.
Some people who possess no knowledge imagine the superiority of the worshippers over the scholars, because they think that the scholars are only the scholars of the command of Allāh, while the worshippers are the scholars of Allāh alone.
So they prefer the one who knows Allāh over the one who knows His command — and this is correct in itself.
But what we say is: The scholars of Allāh and of His command are superior to the worshippers, even if those worshippers are from those who know Allāh.
This is because the Rabbānī scholars share with the worshippers in the virtue of knowledge of Allāh — and perhaps even surpass them in it — while they are distinguished by the virtue of knowledge of the command of Allāh and by the virtue of calling the creation to Allāh and guiding them to Him.
This is the station of the Messengers (ʿalayhim as-salām).
Likewise, they are the successors of the Messengers and their inheritors, as will be mentioned later — if Allāh wills.
This portion which they alone possess over the worshippers is superior to the portion which the worshippers alone possess of supererogatory acts of worship.
For an increase in knowledge of what Allāh revealed to His Messenger necessitates an increase in knowledge of Allāh and īmān in Him.
And the type of knowledge of Allāh and īmān in Him is superior to the type of action with the limbs and the pillars (of Islām).
However, the one who has no knowledge sees acts of worship as greater than knowledge in his own estimation, because he cannot truly imagine the reality of knowledge, its nobility, or its worth.
He is unable to grasp it, while he can imagine the reality of acts of worship and has the general ability to perform them.
For this reason, you find that many of those who have no knowledge prefer zuhd (asceticism) in the dunyā over the sciences and maʿārif (deep knowledge).
The reason is what we have mentioned: he cannot truly imagine the meaning of knowledge and maʿrifah.
Whoever cannot imagine something will not have its greatness settle in his chest.
The ignorant person only imagines the reality of the dunyā, and it has become great in his chest, so the one who abandons it becomes great in his eyes.
As Muḥammad ibn Wāsiʿ said — when he saw a young man and it was said to him: “These are ascetics” — he replied: “And what is the worth of the dunyā that the one who abandons it should be praised?”
Abū Sulaymān ad-Dārānī said something close to this meaning as well.
So the one who boasts about zuhd in the dunyā is as if he is boasting about abandoning a small, insignificant thing that is, in the sight of Allāh, less than the wing of a mosquito.
This is too contemptible to even be mentioned, let alone to boast about it.
End quote from Ibn Rajab [ar-Rasā’il].