WICCA: ALTAR BASICS
AN ALTAR ISâŚ
A Wiccan altar is a raised structure or place used for communing with the Divine or your own Spirit, upon which a Wiccan practitioner places several symbolic items for the purpose of Divine reverence, casting spells, and/or saying chants and prayers. An altar is an important aspect of the Wiccan religion for many practitioners â a value that goes way beyond having somewhere to put all your magical things.Â
A symbolic manifestation of your innermost self.
A reminder of your ideals.
An echo of your beliefs and wishes.
An expression of your heartâs longing and your soulâs potential.Â
A focal point and container for magical energies.
An amplifier for Divine interaction.
And, perhaps most importantly, an altar is like a magical conductor for your success and well-being.
We each have a temple in our inner hearts. And any spiritual process is about entering and worshiping there. But itâs not easy to access something so abstract. So, like your symbols and tools and Gods and Goddesses, you create something that comes through the gate of your senses. Something you can see and smell and touch. Even hear and taste, if possible.
The more senses you engage, and the more you balance your sense perceptions, the more you can access the spiritual levels that you seek. In this context, altars are not some esoteric mystery, but the most natural expression of what has value to you.
So, in the broadest terms, an altar is any collection of items that are personally meaningful. Almost everyone has oneâThat collection of photographs on the bedside table. The mementos that gather on the mantelpiece. These are altars to your loves and your life.
When you want to make an altar dedicated to your spiritual life, you simply focus a little more. You put only items that uplift your spirit and remind you of your ideals.
SETTING UP YOUR ALTAR
An altar doesnât have to be complicated or costly. You donât really need anything other than what you have on hand, or can easily find for free. You donât even need a specially designed altar table. Many people set up altars in convenient places, like an end table, a dresser, a mantle, even on top of the tv. For a private altar, a hutch with closing doors, or a bedside table can work well. And donât forget your outdoor spaces that are also perfect for altars: old stumps, hollows or nooks in trees, on top of stones, beside creeks, small caves, etc. Anyplace you arenât likely to step or sit on it, you can set up a little altar.
BASIC ALTARÂ SETUP
Some people will try to tell you that you absolutely must have this or that on your altar. If so, smile politely, say thank you, and walk away. Itâs your altar. And itâs your spiritual Path. There are no rules for what kind of items you put there - do what works for you. When making an altar, let your heart speak. Let your inner magical child express the wonder and delight in the world that you once had.This is your pure divine self expressing itself. And thatâs what spiritual practice is all about.Â
Altar tools donât have to be complicated or costly. You donât really need anything other than what you have on hand, but you might want the customary Tools of the Trade. Ritual tools are as individual as the practitioner who uses them. But it helps to know what the basic tools are and how to use them to get an idea of what you want on your altar and how you want to use the items.Â
Atar Setup Example:Â
Athame
(It is pronounced like this.) The ritual knife, or athame, is one of the prime altar tools. Traditionally black-handled, the athame lives in the East, the direction that represents mind, thought, and choice. An athame doesnât have to be metal. You can find ones made out of wood or carved stone, if you prefer. Itâs not used as a physical knife, anyway, but a symbolic one. Athames hold yang energy. Athames are used to direct energy, typically in casting ritual Circles and recalling them. They may also be used to cut energetic ties. Ordinarily, an athame is not used to cut anything on the physical plane.
Bell
Bells are like the âVoice of the Goddess.â When you ring one, it brings the Divineâs attention to you, and your attention to the Divine. A bell with a lovely tone will call beautiful, healing energy to you. Bells can also be used to clear energy. At the end of a ritual is a good time for this, but if unwanted energy crops up during a ritual, you can use the bell to disperse it.
Candles - Direction Candles
One candle for each of the directions, color coded, are often used on an altar. One would go in each appropriate direction. Candles are used to invoke and hold the Powers of each direction.
For North: black, green, or brown
For East: yellow or white
For South: red or orange
For West: blue or aqua
For Center, where you arenât using God and Goddess candles: white, silver, or gold.
Candles - God and Goddess Candles
Often large candles, such as pillar candles, are used to represent the God and the Goddess. They are often represented with a black and white candle. These are usually set on either side of the Pentacle, or somewhere in the center of the altar. These candles invoke the Energies of the Divine.
Other options are having just one large candle for the Great Goddess, or three (white, red, and black) for the Maiden, Mother, and Crone.
Chalice
The chalice could be considered one of the most important altar tools. It signifies the Mother Goddess. As such, it is a âyinâ altar tool. Some people like very fancy bejeweled cups for their altar chalice, but this is not necessary. A cup or wine-type glass of any material will do, or even a bowl. Something that holds water and, ideally, is round or curvy is good. Silver is always nice for Goddess tools - a silver chalice is a perfect practitioner chalice. The altar chalice is placed in the West, the direction of Water and the yinnest of the yin. The chalice is used for ceremonial drink, offering libations to the Divine, or holding the salt-water solution.
Deities
Images or representations of any gods and goddesses who are special to you are always welcome on an altar. Though of course we could not respectfully consider them âaltar tools.â They are more than reminders of Divinity. Statues of the gods and goddesses can actually hold the vibrations of the Divine. So your altar becomes a living temple - a place where the Divine dwells.
Libation Dish
A small dish, bowl, or cup can go in the center ready to receive offerings for the Divine. You can also use your altar chalice or cauldron for this purpose. Later, pour or bury the offerings in the Earth, or into living water (rivers, lakes, etc) to carry them to the Divine.
Pentacle
The Pentacle, a 5-point star within a circle, usually is placed in the center of the altar. The pentacle is one of the most important altar tools, offering protection and power in magical work. You can use it to charge your magical items.Â
Salt Water
A small bowl of water with salt dissolved in it, for cleansing. This would be appropriate in the center  Alternatively, the altar chalice may be used to hold the salt water. Water and salt are both purifying agents, not only in the physical realm but the energetic as well. Salt water also represents the energies of earth and water united, the ocean womb which gave birth to all life on the planet. So while this may seem an insignificant addition to your altar tools, it holds great power.
Scent or Feather
Some representation of air, commonly something scented like incense, essential oils, or smudges, or else a flying birdâs feather goes in the East, to represent Air. Sacred scents are used to cleanse an area energetically, call in certain powers, or help practitioners shift consciousness. Feathers can also be used to cleanse energy fields, and to fan incense or smudge smoke.
Stones or Crystals
For the Earth element, in the North, stones and crystals are sometimes used. These bring in Earth energy, which helps with grounding (except perhaps for quartz crystals). Another option is to have elements of nature such as plants or animals represent Earth.
Wand
Wands can be used for divination and channeling magical energy. They can be used to cast and recall circles, in place of the athame. The magical wand goes in the South, for the power of will, magic, and transformation. It also represents yang, or god, energy.
The wand is like a portable, handy version of a broom. A wand can be made of any natural material. Wood is traditional. Since all woods have unique Powers, you may like to choose the wood to suit your particular needs.
Broom
A broom is not necessarily classified among altar tools, but it is indispensable for energetically cleansing sacred space. While handy to keep nearby, brooms are usually too unwieldy to put atop an altar.
Cauldron
Traditionally cast iron, a cauldron is like a 3-legged rounded cooking pot. You can get them in sizes from huge to tiny. Cauldrons are handy items for burning things, like incense and herbs. This is one of the reasons it is one of the most common altar tools. Put an incense charcoal in the bottom, and sprinkle the herbs and powders onto it for very pagan incense. (Caution is required when burning anything, of course. Cast iron on legs, if made properly, will keep the heat from the surface itâs standing on, but check to make sure. Also be aware of anything flammable nearby or above the cauldron - particularly sleeves and hair!) Cauldrons can also be used to hold âbrews,â that is, magical spells in liquid form. These range from simple salt-water purifications to complex spells.
Working Knife
A knife you use to cut things, draw lines in the Earth or runes on candles, and other functions. Traditionally the working knife is white-handled. This knife usually distinct from the Athame, which is a symbolic knife only and not used for other purposes by most practitioners. Not all practitioners count the working knife as one of their altar tools, but just a functional implement.
Sword
Some people like to use a sword for casting in groups. (The difficulty may be emotional safety in addition to physical safety. The symbolic hostility inherent in swords is more than many sensitive people can cope with, especially in as intimate a situation as ritual.) Often awkward around an altar, swords may be kept near or under it to be held in the magical aura.
In the past, swords were the athame of the nobility, but this custom is obviously ridiculous from a spiritual standpoint. Blue blood does not equal spiritual nobility!
Unlike knives, however, swords have no practical use other than as weapons. This link with violence makes swords unacceptable as altar tools for most people.
Altar Cloth
An altar cloth is optional, but useful. By choosing one with an appropriate color design, you set the stage for the energy of your altar.Â
Itâs also handy on a pragmatic level. It keeps dripping wax from marring your altar top. And since dripping candles are a hazard common to all practitioners, you may want to choose a cloth that isnât too hard to remove wax from. Or so expensive youâll cry if it gets ruined.
Anything You Want Charged With Magical Energy.
When you want to charge something with magical force, you can put it on your altar for a time. A full cycle of the Moon is a standard time frame. This could be spells, new altar tools, crystals, deities, or symbols of something you would like to have more of in your lifâwhatever would benefit from being infused with spiritual power.
Book of Shadows/Grimoire
If you have a Book of Shadows it should be kept on your altar, preferably. It is one of your most important altar tools. If your altar is not private enough, or you canât keep it there for another reason, then keeping it under your altar is best.
If you have other books that you use for reference for spells or rituals, it may be handy to keep nearby. Itâs better to remain within the cast circle than to leave it to look up something.
Song Books
If you have a collection of song books with chants you like to sing, itâs useful keep it close to hand.
Tokens Of Helpers
Your altar is also an appropriate place for symbols of and offerings to any guides or special beings who help you.
The Classical Elements
In some way, you will probably want to represent the four classical elements on your altar. Typically, these are aligned with the four cardinal directions. The tools listed here can be used to represent the elements, but here are some examples of some other correlations: a bowl of dirt or sand in the north aspect of your altar to represent earth, a stick of incense in the east can symbolize air, a candle or charcoal in the south for fire, and water in the west. Get creative with it!
Offerings
When you would honor the Divine with a gift of thanks or prayer, you can bring them to the Altar as an offering. Often flowers are kept on the altar as an offering. Anything that is beautiful or special to you, or symbolic of the purpose for the offering, can be offered. Offerings are one of the most overlooked practices in Wicca today, yet one of increasing spiritual power and importance.
It is probably not necessary to point out that offerings should not be anything that could harm anything (but just in case, Iâll point it out anyway).For one thing, since the Divine lives in all things, anything you harm is an injury to the Divine. And pragmatically, youâll be giving the offerings to the Earth later.
TENDING YOUR ALTAR
A Wiccan altar, just like a garden, needs at least occasional tending. Nurturing the plants, taking care of your tools, and seeing to the health of the soil will create a productive garden. With an altar, tending means feeding it energies, caring for the altar tools, keeping things clean - essentially freshening up your âsoul gardenâ on a regular basis.
Tending an altar is a wonderful spiritual practice that anyone can do. Itâs very forgiving, as spiritual practices go. Which makes it perfect for those of us who are not yet particularly disciplined.
The benefits of tending your altar are not all in the spiritual realm. Your daily life will reflect whatâs happening on your altar. In other words, when you make changes on your altar, you will alter your life.
If you feel stuck at work, for example, alter things in the spiritual realm. Clean your altar thoroughly. Put on a fresh altar cloth in a bright color. Decorate it with some new things and give it a good energy cleanse. And then watch your life transform.
SUMMARY
If you donât enjoy it and find it meaningful, if it doesnât carry the energy you want, whether peaceful or stimulating or charged with power or anything else, the magical universe will not find it so either. Make it to please yourself, and you will please your divine as well. Altar tools are symbols, remember. It is the meaning we invest in them that gives them their power. So listen to your heart; itâs the seat of your Power. If something else would be a better symbol for you than whatâs listed here, it is probably wise for you to use it.
Many practitioners use items that are especially important to them as their âathames.â Starhawk, the writer, apparently uses a pen to cast her circles. Others Iâve seen use feathers, sticks, and crystals. Find what focuses the energy for you.
After all, the gods and goddesses speak to each of us in our own unique language. As in every aspect of Wicca Spirituality, it is what makes your heart sing that is the right thing for you.
TIPS
Your altar feeds your soul. Once you make your first conscious altar, and discover how beautiful and nourishing it can be, you may find yourself wanting to make altars everywhere. Go for it! How could you possibly go wrong, bringing the blessings of the Divine wherever you are. Your office, your car, your bedroom; all are perfect places for an altar.Â
Youâll probably want to keep at least one altar private. Put it in a personal part of your house, or somewhere you can discretely close a door and keep it from sight.This can be your innermost Templeâs altar. This is where you can put your most personal and meaningful items. Â
You can also decorate your altar to celebrate the Sabbats, which is a great way to stir up some awesome energy.Â
In all cases, itâs inadvisable to use a tool that you have a negative association with. For instance, if knives make you think of violence first and foremost, then find an alternative for an athame.
If you canât set up a full altar for whatever reason, you can start with a mini-altar. A popular method is to use an Altoids can or something similar to hold all of your tiny sacred items.Â
Cleanse your altars regularly!!! Some claim that their altars are self cleaning but even self cleaning stones need a good once over every once in awhile. Youâll notice a difference, promise! Â














